According to the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, when the peasant rebel Red Forest Army captured Chang 'an, it burned down the palace and "dug the grave for treasure", even Lv Zhi's body was raped. It is said that seeing Lv Hou's body at that time was just like before his death, so the grave robbers became lewd.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Dong Zhuo also stole the mausoleum. He asked Lu Bu to enter the mausoleum and look for a secret recipe to treat the dumb. It turned out that his granddaughter Dong Bai was dumb.
The biggest catastrophe was in 88 1 year, when Huang Chao's army invaded Chang 'an. In order to raise wages, they targeted Maoling. The Mausoleum was robbed this time, and the rebels carried it for three days. Perhaps there are too many treasures, and a large number of gold and silver utensils are scattered around Maoling. During the Republic of China, Sun Lianzhong, a warlord, built a trench on the mausoleum, which was suspected of robbing the tomb.
At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, hungry people in Chang 'an dug up the remaining tombs of Ba and Du in the southeast of Chang 'an. ?
Extended data:
Why were almost all the tombs of the Western Han emperors stolen and dug?
The Western Han Dynasty was the heyday of China's early feudal society. The Han nationality was formed in this era, and the name of the Han nationality came from it. Since the Qin Dynasty only existed for fifteen years, the perfection, establishment and consolidation of various laws and regulations in feudal society should be said to have been completed in the Western Han Dynasty. The Western Han Dynasty experienced 1 1 emperors from Liu Bang in grandfather's uncle to Liu Kan.
Except for Wendi and Xuan Di, they were buried in Bailuyuan and Dudongyuan in the southeast of Chang 'an. The other nine emperors were buried in the North Xianyang Plain in Chang 'an, Han Dynasty. These nine tombs extend from majiawan Township in Gaoling County in the east to Nanwei Township in Xingping County in the west, stretching for hundreds of miles from east to west.
From east to west, it is: Jingdi Yangling Mausoleum, Gaozu Changling Mausoleum, Huidi Anling Mausoleum, Aidi Yiling Mausoleum, Yuan Di Lingwei Mausoleum, Chengdi Yanling Mausoleum, Pingdi Kangling Mausoleum, Zhao Di Ping Ling Mausoleum and Wudi Mausoleum.
The shape of the Mausoleum of the Western Han Dynasty is relatively regular. According to books such as Nine Meanings of the Han Dynasty and Huanglan, the Mausoleum of the Western Han Dynasty generally covers an area of 7 hectares, and the tomb was built in the center of the cemetery, with a height of 12 feet.
This underground tomb is 13 zhangs deep. The tomb is square, with four doors leading to the ground. All four doors are equipped with concealed weapons such as Lian Jian and Fu Nu to prevent illegal excavation. The deceased, with cicada-shaped jade in his mouth, was dressed in a golden robe (a burial suit made of gold thread and jade pieces) and put in a precious coffin of Zimu (called Zigong).
Buried cars, horses, silk, gold and silver, jade, jewelry, rice grains, weapons, springs and utensils outside Zigong. Then layers of excellent cypress trees are piled up around, and all the wood is transported to Zigong, which is the so-called "yellow intestine problem". Many of these records have been confirmed by archaeological excavations. Archaeologists drilled the tombs of Emperor Tai Shang and Emperor Xuandi Lingdu in the Han Dynasty and found that there were four pyramid-shaped tombs in each tomb.
Through the investigation of Gaozu Changling Mausoleum, Jingdi Yangling Mausoleum and Zhao Di Ping Ling Yuan Di Lingwei Mausoleum, it is found that their planes are all square and their gates are in the middle of the four walls.
Therefore, the basic model of the Mausoleum of the Western Han Dynasty is: the underground tomb is square, and the central part of the tomb is open (called Peimen), from which four doors lead to the ground, four roads (called Peidao), and four Peidao extend outward to the tomb GAI. Four straight roads lead directly to Sima Gate in the middle of the surrounding city walls, and there are towering double gaps outside the door.
The layout of the whole cemetery is concise and lively, and the lines are washed and practiced. The tomb located in the center of the cemetery is in the shape of a double bucket, with a small top and a large bottom, calm and focused, and a solemn scene.
The underground tomb of the Mausoleum of the Western Han Dynasty has not been officially excavated so far. However, from the golden jade clothes and lacquer coffins in the tomb of Liu Sheng, Zhongshan King of the Western Han Dynasty, excavated in Hebei Province, and the yellow intestines made of more than 15,000 cypress trees discovered in Dabaotai, Beijing, we can infer the luxury of the golden jade clothes and yellow intestines in the tomb.
The history of the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty contains golden jade clothes, and the images of auspicious animals such as dragons, phoenixes, turtles and forests are ingeniously carved on jade cards, which is of course beyond the governors' reach.
As a set of ritual buildings of the mausoleum, the sleeping hall, toilet hall and mausoleum temple are also very important. In the Western Han Dynasty, the mausoleum system of "offering sacrifices to sleep every day, to the temple every month and to the lunch hall at four o'clock" was implemented.
The shrine of the deceased is placed in the burial hall, and the grave keeper should "eat every day" like the living. The emperor's clothes and utensils are stored in the temporary hall, where sacrifices are made at four o'clock. The memorial tablet of the deceased is placed in the mausoleum temple, and the clothes of the emperor before his death are taken out from the temporary hall every month and sacrificed in the mausoleum temple; Every year, 25 sacrifices are held in the Mausoleum Temple, including a particularly grand sacrifice held in Thai prison.
Bedroom, mausoleum temple and mausoleum are inseparable, so their positions are generally close to the mausoleum. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Gaozu built a sleeping hall and a toilet hall in the cemetery according to the Qin system. After Hui Di, he moved them outside the cemetery wall, but the distance was not far. Ling Temple, except Gaozu Temple and Hui Di Temple, was built in Chang 'an City, and Wendi Temple was located outside the south of Chang 'an City. Since Emperor Jing, it was changed to a temple next to the Ling.
Setting up a mausoleum next to the mausoleum to ensure the cost of the cemetery and the prosperity of the mausoleum area was a system that was pursued in the first and middle period of the Western Han Dynasty. Liu Bang, the founding emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, moved a large number of Kanto strongmen to Guanzhong in order to eliminate the resistance forces in the east, and many of them moved to Changling. The population of Changling City reached 6.5438+0.8 million at its peak. In order to alleviate social contradictions, the Yuan Dynasty abolished the system of moving people to real tombs.
At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, after the Red Eyebrow Army opened the door of Maoling, tens of thousands of soldiers moved for dozens of days, and half of the funerary objects in the mausoleum remained untouched. Until the Western Jin Dynasty three hundred years later, the pearls and jades in the mausoleum were not stolen. Even the most thrifty Wendi Baling, grave robbers can get a lot of jewels.
A large number of royal family members, nobles, civil and military ministers, landlords and businessmen also run their own underground paradise with huge wealth. The Western Han Dynasty, a great empire with a population of tens of millions and a territory of millions of square kilometers, used most of its social wealth to build large and small tombs.
The mausoleum was so painstakingly built, but it was hard to escape disaster and fire. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, the Red Eyebrow Army entered Chang 'an. Except for Wendi Mausoleum, which was said to have been buried with earthenware, all the tombs in the Western Han Dynasty were stolen. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Dong Zhuo moved south to Chang 'an under the threat of Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty, "and ordered Lu Bu to send him to the imperial tomb and collect his treasure".
At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, hungry people in Chang 'an dug up the tombs of Ba and Du in the southeast of Chang 'an. Therefore, the tombs of the Western Han Dynasty that people can see today are still tall and majestic, and the underground tombs are probably unrecognizable. ?
To put it bluntly, these imperial tombs, no matter how luxurious they were built and how much manpower, material resources and financial resources were spent, could not escape the success or failure of history in the end, and were destroyed again and again in various disasters such as swords, spears, fire and water, grave robbers and so on.
References:
People's Daily Online-Mausoleum of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty: The Best Mausoleum in the Western Han Dynasty