Let's talk about Luoyang:
Luoyang (now) is located in the hinterland of Kyushu, in the west of Henan Province, at the junction of the second and third steps of China, on the east side of Eurasia Continental Bridge, with a length of about 179km from east to west and a width of about 168km from north to south. It spans the north and south banks of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, bordering Zhengzhou in the east, Sanmenxia in the west, Jiaozuo in the north and Pingdingshan and Nanyang in the south.
The northeastern part of the territory is the Luo Yi River Plain, and most of the rest belong to the mountainous areas in western Henan. There are many mountains around, such as Yushan, Mangshan, Qingyao, Jingzi, Zhoushan, Sakura, Longmen, Xiangshan, Wanan Mountain, shouyangshan and Songshan. There are many rivers and canals in China, which belong to the Yellow River, Huaihe River and Yangtze River, namely the Yellow River, Luohe River, Yihe River, Qinghe River, Cihe River, Tieluan River, Jianhe River and Weihe River. More than 65,438+00 rivers such as the E River meander through it. Known as "surrounded by mountains on all sides, six rivers parallel, eight customs are all cities, and ten provinces are thoroughfares".
Surrounded by mountains and waters, it is the basic geomorphological feature of Luoyang. It is said that more mountains and rivers should have convenient transportation, and it is true. Luoyang has been surrounded by mountains and rivers since ancient times, and its transportation is extremely convenient, but it also means that there is no danger to defend.
Luoyang Tong pictures, pictures from Baidu Encyclopedia!
Look at the "eight customs and eight cities" on the map. These eight passes are relatively large, guarding eight main roads in and out of Luoyang, and four small passes guarding the path. As for cutting corners and bypassing the pass, we can't find out. But in history, Luoyang attacked directly from the main road, which shows that although there are many passes, there is no danger to defend!
Distribution map of Luoyang Pass in Eastern Han Dynasty.
Distribution map of Luoyang Twelve Pass.
Just think about it with your toes. As a former capital, you need to send 12 soldiers to guard 12 pass to ensure that the enemy has early warning and defense when attacking by land. It's too hard to defend a place like this. Where are the reserves? How to deploy temporary troops when the enemy attacks? Once it is broken, how can the follow-up be assisted? From the point of view of military war with cold weapons, the geography of Luoyang is terrible for the defenders!
But why are so many dynasties obsessed with this?
There are two reasons.
Distribution map of Luoyang River
The first reason is the natural traffic brought by the surrounding mountains and rivers. The above picture shows the distribution of rivers around Luoyang. Needless to say, just looking at the distribution of rivers in this large area, we can imagine how convenient the natural water conservancy system was in that era when mountains and water needed to be burned. Travel mode, freight mode, postal mode and military mobilization mode.
This is just a river. The twelve source passes mentioned above represent twelve land passages in and out of Luoyang, and natural traffic roads save a lot of manpower and material resources. The more in that era of slow news transmission, the higher the strategic position brought by convenient land and water transportation, and the decree can be handed down in the first time and the warning message can be uploaded to the monarch in the fastest way, which is irresistible to the ruling class.
Take this truth as a counterexample, because the way and time of information transmission are extremely fast now, my rabbit family hides the strategic rocket army in the ravine. If you order something, you can play. It is because of the current information transmission and time that the original traffic factors have been reduced to a minimum (the mobilization of the rocket army is the road we usually take, and we will not build special roads for them. In that case, the spy satellite will know where the rocket army is!
The second reason is that Long Mai summed up his geomantic omen by the ancient people themselves. The ancient geomantic omen first advocated "five geographical techniques", that is, finding dragons, checking sand, watching water, acupoints and standing upright. "Dragon" is not a specific god in Feng Shui, but represents the trend, ups and downs, turning and changes of mountains with the name of dragon. Mountain is Long Mai, water is dragon blood, soil is dragon meat, stone is keel, and vegetation is dragon hair.
Long Mai in the world originated in the west of Kunlun, and Long Mai's ancestors were in Pamirs. Interested friends pay attention to my headline number and find an article about Kunlun Mountain, the ancestor of Wanshan Mountain, and discuss it in detail. )
Mountains derived from Kunlun Mountain: due north Altai Mountain, due south Himalayas, due east Altun Mountain and due west Karakorum Mountain; Tanggula Mountain in the southeast, Tianshan Mountain in the northeast, Alatao Mountain in the northwest, Gangdise Mountain in the southwest, and the standard eight-direction vein. Look at the overall trend of Kunlun Mountain. From west to east through Chang 'an, all the way out to Luoyang in the Central Plains, branches and leaves spread in four directions (east, west, south and north). The names of Sanshan Mountain are different, but their ancestors are all Kunlun Mountain.
According to the river originating from Kunlun Mountain, the mountain is Long Mai, so the river is dragon blood. This river is very important to the success of Long Mai. The three major rivers bred in China, the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and the Pearl River, are all bred through Kunlun Mountain except the Pearl River, and their sources are all in Kunlun Mountain. In other words, the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, with so many tributaries, are descendants of Kunlun Mountain.
Luoyang itself is a place surrounded by mountains and waters, and it is in the trend of "dragon" moving eastward, and then the branches and leaves are scattered, so the feng shui is excellent. Take Qiushan Mountain in the north of Luoyang as an example. It is known in history that "he was born in Suzhou and Hangzhou and was buried in Beimang". There are only five royal cemeteries in the main section of Mangshan Mountain, which are divided into five imperial tombs of Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Wei, Western Jin Dynasty and Northern Wei Dynasty. Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, Emperor Chen, Emperor Li Yu, and other emperors in the late Tang Dynasty, as well as Jia Yi, Ban Chao, Shi Biao, Xue, Di, Du Fu, Shi Chong and Meng Jiao, were all buried. It is an out-and-out treasure trove of geomantic omen.
To sum up, convenient transportation and geomantic treasures made Luoyang the capital of all dynasties. After Luoyang, we will see Chang 'an.
Look at the traffic first: Luoyang is defenseless, while Chang 'an is just the opposite: easy to defend but difficult to attack! Historical Records: A Family Leaving Hou records the praise of the Han Dynasty for An: "Fu Guan Zhong left with faith, right with Long, Shu and fertile fields, south with the kindness of Bashu, north with the benefits of the lake far away, blocking the three sides and governing the princes in the east." The princes are stable, the rivers and rivers embrace the world, and the west gives the capital; The vassal has changed, and going down the river is enough to defeat. This so-called Jincheng is a thousand miles away, and the country of abundance is also. "
Chang 'an (now Xi 'an) is located in Guanzhong Plain, with Zhong Nanshan, shouyangshan, Taibai Mountain and the Qinling Mountains behind it in the south, Qishan, Longshan and Liupanshan natural barriers in the west, the Loess Plateau in the north, and the shielding of Mount Li and Huashan and the important Hangu Pass in the east. The Yellow River is a natural ditch in the northwest, north and east of Guanzhong Plain.
There are Weihe River, Jinghe River, Luohe River, Bahe River and Fenghe River in Guanzhong Plain. China and Indians? ┖ printing ⒘? KINOMOTO SAKURA? Tired of beer saddles? A glimpse of illness, friends with bandits? е? Bian Mo "? What about hydrazine? Neon pull? How about fragrant capsules? Hey? How stressful is it? /p & gt；
Chang 'an Pass bypasses the map, and there is a Jinsuo Pass, which is not marked on the map!
There are five passes in Chang 'an, but there is still a Jinsuo Pass (now Tongchuan City) missing in the picture. You only need five passes to sit firmly on the vast plain, close to the mountains and waters, with high cost performance!
Distribution map of eight major waters and rivers around Chang 'an
Look at the hydrological map of Chang 'an, plus the terrain that is easy to defend but difficult to attack, the fertile plain and the warm and humid climate. It must be a waste not to put this capital aside!
Look at Feng Shui again: As mentioned above, the general trend of Kunlun Mountain is from west to east through Chang 'an and all the way out to Luoyang. The pulse condition in Chang 'an is more abundant in Luoyang. When it comes to the geomantic omen in Chang 'an, we have to say that Qinling Mountain has its special function and significance in the geography of China. Also known as "Qinling Huaihe River" with Huaihe River, it is the dividing line between the north and south climate in China, and also the watershed of two "waterspouts" in China, which can be said to be the Yangtze River and the Yellow River.
Qinling Mountain is located in the trunk of Zhonglong, stretching thousands of miles from east to west, starting from Gansu and Qinghai in the west, and the main peak is Taibai Mountain. East to the west of Henan Province, Xiqing Mountain, Mangshan Mountain, Zhong Nanshan, Huashan Mountain, Xiaoshan Mountain, Songshan Mountain and Funiu Mountain are all on its branches, which are in harmony with Daba Mountain. I just want to tell you that the Qinling Mountains occupy an active and stable position, seeking dragons, sand, water, acupuncture and standing upright. They are all round, and it's hard not to be red!
Convenient transportation, easy to defend but difficult to attack, good feng shui, a little biased! According to our current Chinese territory, Xi 'an is still in the west, not to mention the pre-Qin period, which is indeed partial. )
This article is Wukong's original answer to the question and answer about soybean milk daddy code. If you need to reprint, please indicate the source!