1. The layout characteristics of a courtyard house
Formal courtyard houses have one house per household, and the floor plan can be large or small. The owner of the house can build it according to the size of the land and the number of people in the family. It can be as small as one entrance, as large as three or four entrances, or as wide as two courtyards with a span. The smaller ones have 13 rooms; the ones with one or two courtyards have 25 to 40 rooms.
The back wall of the wing room is the courtyard wall, and a brick wall is built at the corner. The large courtyard is surrounded by walls from the outside. The walls are tall and have no windows to show its privacy. In terms of format, many palaces and temples were also designed and built according to the layout of the quadrangle.
2. Reasons for formation
1. Natural factors
The most important natural factor is the amount of precipitation in various places, which affects the architectural form of traditional courtyards. important factors. The most obvious reflection is the form of the building roof which is mainly used for drainage function. Therefore, the architectural form of the courtyard is closely related to the waterproofing needs of rainy areas.
2. Confucianism
In the past feudal society where elders and younger ones were orderly and seniority was differentiated, there is no doubt that the influence of Confucian classics was very great. This also greatly affected the courtyard architecture. The allocation of residences in the inner houses of Beijing's courtyard houses is very strict. The main house, which has the most advantageous and most prominent position in the inner houses, is for the older generation of masters and eldest ladies.
The main room is a place where family members live, entertain relatives, or worship ancestors during festivals. The two sides are mostly used as bedrooms. Please be reminded that the bedrooms on the east and west sides are also distinguished by superiority and inferiority. Under the polygamy system, the principal bedroom is occupied by the superior bedroom on the east side, while the side bedroom is occupied by the subordinate bedroom on the west side. The east and west wing rooms are occupied by the younger generation. There is also one light and two dark rooms in the wing rooms. The middle one is the living room and the two sides are bedrooms.
Extended information:
The gate shape of the quadrangle:
According to the status of the owner, the street gate of the quadrangle is divided into Wangfu gate, Guangliang gate and Jinzhu. There are several different shapes such as gate, Manzi Gate, Ruyi Gate, wall-style gate (gatehouse), etc. With the construction of the Western-style building Yuanmingyuan, a large number of Chinese and Western wall-style gatehouses also appeared among the people, which are vividly called by the people. It is a "Yuanmingyuan style" gate tower.
As the name suggests, the palace gate is used for the palace and is the largest in scale. Its size is usually: five rooms for the prince's palace (five rooms and three openings), three rooms for the county prince's palace. The gate of the prince's palace is usually located in the center.
There are also regulations in the book: There are five gates in the Prince's Mansion, and the middle three can be opened. Green glazed tiles can be used on the roof. Kissing beasts can be installed on the roof ridge. There are door nails on the door. There are 63 in the Prince's Mansion. There are 45 door nails in the Prince's Mansion. Only the middle door is open. There are 45 door nails in nine rows and five columns.
Guangliang Gate is a kind of house gate second only to the palace gate. The Guangliang gate is of a very high level. At that time, it could only be used by people with certain official status. The Guangliang gate was usually one bay wide and was located at the center pillar with more ornate decorations.
Jinzhu Gate is also used by officials, but the Jinzhu Gate is one level lower than Guangliang Gate. The Jinzhu gate is slightly smaller in size, and the door is located at the position of the Jinzhu (the door is located further forward).
Manzi Gate and Ruyi Gate are used by ordinary people and are relatively small in scale. The door of Manzi Gate is further forward and is located on the eaves. It is said that it was named because most of the merchants from the south lived here at that time.
Baidu Encyclopedia—Siheyuan