(1) Territorial composition: In addition to 48 local states and 1 special zone, there are 2 overseas states (Alaska and Hawaii).
⑵ Characteristics of natural conditions
Native to temperate zone (southern subtropical zone), Alaska is in high latitude, belonging to frigid zone and sub-frigid zone, and Hawaii is in tropical zone (so tropical products need to be imported).
The mainland is surrounded by the sea on three sides, and there are many excellent seaports along the coast, which are not frozen in winter and are convenient for maritime shipping;
Plain area accounts for more than half of the country, and cultivated land accounts for 10% of the world.
The Mississippi River (the fourth longest river in the world) and the Great Lakes are conducive to irrigation, shipping and power generation.
The river with the richest hydropower resources in the United States: Columbia River (temperate maritime climate, west coast of mainland, abundant precipitation on windward slope)
Natural resources such as minerals, forests and grasslands are abundant, but they are still imported in large quantities because of high consumption and waste. It is the country that imports the most oil in the world.
(3) Inequality between multi-ethnic countries and races.
With a population of 270 million, whites account for more than 80%, colored people are mainly black, and Chinese live in San Francisco, Los Angeles and new york. The population is distributed in the coastal plain and the Great Lakes region, with dense population in the northeast and sparse population in the western plateau. In recent decades, the population has migrated from the northeast to the "sunshine zone" in the southeast and west.
(4) Modernization and specialization of agriculture (combined with high school textbooks)
[Note] Analyze the characteristics of American agricultural production:
① The level of agricultural modernization is high (mechanization, electrification and chemistry have been realized in the whole process of agricultural production), and it is the most productive agricultural country in the world.
② Pay equal attention to planting and animal husbandry. The main food crops are corn, wheat, rice and oats. The main cash crops are cotton (China, the United States and Central Asia are the three major cotton producers in the world), soybeans, sugar beets and tobacco. And animal husbandry is very developed. )
③ It is the largest exporter of agricultural products in the world. (The export volume of wheat, soybean and corn ranks first in the world, but tropical agricultural products are imported)
(4) Regional specialization of agricultural production (cotton belt, corn belt, wheat belt, dairy belt, animal husbandry and irrigated agricultural belt, etc.). )
* Regional specialization-refers to the social division of labor in agricultural production by region, that is, each region forms a relatively concentrated specific agricultural sector according to local natural conditions, socio-economic conditions, market demand and historical position, and invests a large number of commercial agricultural products in the inter-regional exchange of agricultural products.
* Benefits of regional specialized production: a. Give full play to the advantages of regional environment and resources. Make full use of advanced technology to improve production efficiency. Defect: It aggravates the imbalance of agricultural production.
5] Developed industries and major cities
With a high degree of modernization, it is the country with the largest export of industrial products and the largest output value. Domestic consumption is the largest, and it is the country that imports the most cars, steel, oil and textiles in the world, with imports exceeding exports. There are many overseas investments, and multinational companies are spread all over the continents. Due to the rise of western Europe and Japan, their status is declining.
Russia
The largest country in the world: it spans Europe and Asia, and a part of Europe is very small, but its political and economic center is here.
(2) The terrain is relatively flat.
Plains and plateaus are the main areas. The eastern European plain to the west of the Ural Mountains is followed by the western Siberian plain, the central Siberian plateau and the eastern Siberian mountains to the east (bounded by the Yenisei River: the western plain, the eastern plateau and the mountains).
(3) Winter is long and cold, and the climate varies greatly from place to place.
It is dominated by temperate continental climate, polar climate in the north, Mediterranean climate in the southwest and temperate monsoon climate in the east.
(4) Rivers and lakes
The Volga River is the longest and most important inland waterway in Europe. Ob river, Yenisei River and Lena River are rich in water energy and have a long freezing period, which is not conducive to shipping and there are ice floods. Lake Baikal is the deepest lake in the world.
5. Abundant resources: natural gas reserves rank first in the world, important oil producers in the world (Urals and Tyumen oil fields), Kursk iron mine and Kuzbas coal mine.
[Note] The dispute between China and Japan about the direction of Russian oil pipeline.
[6] Industries dominated by heavy industry.
Industrial zones are concentrated in Moscow and St. Petersburg, Urals and Novosibirsk industrial zones, and industries have developed from Europe to Asia.
(7) Agriculture: The plains of Eastern Europe and the Don River Basin are the main agricultural areas, and the main agricultural products are wheat, sugar beet, potato, sunflower and flax, which are changing from grain importers to exporters and have the largest coniferous forest belt in the world.
(8) Transportation: mainly by railway (note: the difference between Europe and Asia)
First Eurasian Continental Bridge (Trans-Siberian Railway): Moscow-Irkutsk (south of Lake Baikal)-Vladivostok.
(9) Capital and city
Moscow: The capital, the largest city in China, the political and cultural center and the most important transportation hub.
St Petersburg: A seaport in the Baltic Sea and the second largest city in China.
Vladivostok: the main seaport along the Pacific coast.
Murmansk: an ice-free port along the Arctic Ocean (affected by the North Atlantic warm current) Oymyakon: the cold pole in the northern hemisphere.
There are many geographical contents in China, so it will not be published (but it is very important).
India
(1) the ancient civilization of the world.
South Asia has the largest area and the largest population, second only to China, and may surpass China in the middle of this century.
(2) Agriculture
Cultivated land accounts for more than half, making it the largest country in Asia.
The climate is diverse and the terrain is different, which is conducive to the cultivation of various crops.
[Evaluation] The large area of cultivated land, sufficient heat and fertile soil provide good basic conditions for agricultural development. However, due to the concentration of precipitation in rainy season, the precipitation in dry season is scarce, and the precipitation changes greatly during the year, and floods and droughts are frequent, so the development of water conservancy irrigation is particularly important for agricultural production.
Relationship between crop distribution and natural conditions (rice, wheat, cotton, jute, tea)
Rice: it is distributed in the northeast and coastal areas of the peninsula with more precipitation.
Wheat and sugarcane: Ganges Plain in northwest India.
Cotton: Deccan Plateau in Northwest China
Jute: Ganges Delta, ranking first in the world.
Tea: Hillsides on both sides of the Yarlung Zangbo River.
(3) The industry develops rapidly and forms a complete system.
Minerals: mainly coal, iron and manganese. , distributed in the northeast of Deccan Plateau-northeast India, steel and mechanical workers.
Industry: before independence: only mining and textiles.
After independence, a large-scale industrial system with developed light and heavy industries was formed. Nuclear energy and aerospace have begun to take shape, and the information industry is booming. Traditional industries (cotton, wool textile and heavy industry) centered on Kolkata in the northeast and Mumbai in the west, and emerging industrial zones (electronics, software, atomic energy and aerospace) centered on Bangalore in the south.
City: New Delhi: The capital, located in the northwest of India. In the southeast of Agra, there is the famous Taj Mahal, a railway transportation center.
Kolkata: Located at the mouth of Ganges River, the center of hemp textile industry, an important seaport and the most populous city-jute producing area.
Mumbai: Located in the northwest of Deccan Plateau, the largest seaport and cotton textile industry center on the west coast.
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Brazil, Australia, go and see for yourself. I am in a hurry. You can find them. I hope I can help you.