Jiangcun village
The clear river winds around the village, and everything in the village looks elegant in the long summer. Swallows on the beam fly freely, and blind dates in the water are similar and accompanied. The old lady is using a chessboard, and the younger son is making a hook with an injection. The only thing many diseases need is medicine, what else can they ask for?
Translation:
The clear river winds through the village, and everything in the village looks elegant in the long summer. Swallows on the beam fly freely, and Bai Ou in the water approaches each other and accompanies each other. The old lady is drawing a chessboard with paper, and the younger son is tapping a needle to make a fish hook. What can I expect as long as an old friend gives me some money and food?
Appreciate:
Du Fu, the author, finally has a temporary residence after being displaced from place to place. In a quiet atmosphere, this poem describes the beautiful and quiet scenery in detail, casually describes the leisurely and warm life interest, and shows the satisfaction and joy brought by the author Du Fu's rare stable life.
"Qingjiang Baocunxi, Changxiajiang Village is quiet." In the village in early summer, a winding river flows quietly around the village, and the river is clear. There are fish playing in the water, coming and going silently. Everything in the whole village is so quiet. A piece of Qingjiang River brings peace and tranquility to the village. This "Qingjiang River" is the Huanhuaxi in Chengdu. The poet called it "Qing", probably because he liked it flowing around the village. So give it a good name. Liu Baocun personifies its loveliness and takes care of the title of Jiangcun. The first two sentences set the atmosphere and won the will of the whole poem. Everything is long, and the poet who has gone through hardships no longer has troubles and worries, and enjoys the scenery in this village.
"Come to the beam alone and get in touch with the seagulls in the water." You see, as soon as the newly built thatched cottage was completed, naughty swallows flew around briskly, and no one took care of them, but they enjoyed themselves as freely as lively children. The poet stroked his beard, smiled and strolled to the river. On the river, there are two Bai Ou floating gently. They are either in front or behind, sometimes singing, sometimes chasing in circles on the water-they must be a pair of lovers in love. He Xun, a poet in the Southern Dynasties, once said, "The poor seagulls will swim upstream sooner or later." Du Fu once studied He Xun's poems. When he saw this scene, he must have forgotten the machine with understanding.
"The old man draws paper as chess, and the young son knocks the needle as a hook." The poet walked home slowly with a happy mood and saw his wife sitting in the shade of the door, drawing something on the paper. He looked closer, and it turned out to be a game of chess. The voice of "Tintin" came, and the youngest son was burying his head and knocking on a needle seriously. The playful child wants to make his own hook so that he can go fishing by the river. This kind of scene is probably often seen in the village, but it is a rare and precious blessing for Du Fu, the author who has experienced the Anshi rebellion and suffered repeated setbacks and lived for half his life, which makes his heart warm. In his place, "the rich close their doors and follow the fat horse dust at dusk." Broken cups are cold and sorrowful everywhere ("Twenty-two Rhymes of Wei Zuocheng"). He never imagined that there would be such a warm moment. These two sentences capture the most common pictures in life and convey a universal family warmth and leisure and beauty of life.
"But with an old friend Mi Lu, what more can I ask?" The poet sighed from the calm life scene in front of him: an old friend gave me food and his salary. As an ordinary and humble person, what else can I ask? These two seemingly happy and satisfied words, read carefully, actually do not know how much bitterness and bitterness are hidden. Du Fu was able to live in Chengdu Caotang thanks to the help of his friends. Although there is such harmony and peace in front of him, it is based on his dependence on others. A great poet who is honored as a "poet saint" by later generations lives on the gift of others, even saying that he wants more, that is, he has no other requirements. The calmer this language is, the more it makes readers feel sad and cry. His ambition was "loyal to the monarch, and then change the customs" ("Twenty-two Rhymes of Wei Zuocheng"), but dozens of spring and autumn years have passed, and now people only want a dish and a meal in their old age. The poet said this lazily, as if his mind no longer had the haze of life and was no longer willing to meet those disturbances and noises. At the end of the couplet, the sentence "but an old friend provides rice" and the sentence "only medicine is needed for many diseases" are better from the perspective of peace and poetry.
Extended reading: literary characteristics
language
In terms of language, Du Fu's poems are generally regarded as "gloomy", with rich changes in language and text structure, and emphasis on wording and sentence making. The word "depressed" was first seen in the Southern Dynasties, which means "the body is depressed and thoughtful, and the sun and the moon are beautiful". Later, Du Fu wrote the word "depressed and frustrated", which accurately summarized the language of his works. "As for depression and frustration, he is always agile, while people in Yang Xiong and Gomez are ordinary." A further study of Du Fu's poems shows that the formation of his poetic style is closely related to his adherence to Confucianism. At the same time, Du Fu was at the end of his heyday. When he was young, he was ambitious. "When you climb to the top, you will see that other mountains are short under the sky." . Later, the Anshi Rebellion broke out, the national movement declined and the official career was unlucky. The great gap between ideal and reality has also caused great changes in Du Fu's poetic style, approaching realism.
picture
The individualization of image selection in Du Fu's poems is the basis of his language. The images that often appear in Du Fu's poems, such as ancient blockhouses, autumn clouds, apes whistling, broken torches, steep gorges, defending the world, solitary boats, fallen flowers, sunset and other natural landscapes, as well as ordinary people such as weaver girls, old women, old farmers and wives, as well as powerful forces such as officials, generals and villains, all show Du Fu's urgent mood of "saving the world and helping the people" and his spearhead to confuse Gan Kun. The evaluation of Du Fu's later poems in Wu Ling's Poems Around the Stream: "Yang opens and Yin closes" says: "Only the meaning is far-reaching, and the next sentence is unknown". Wu Ling added: "When a mortal writes a poem, he only says one thing in one sentence, but he says two more. Du Fu's poems can say three, four or five things in one sentence; Ordinary people write poetry, which is far less than dozens of miles in front of them. Du Fu's poem can be said to be a hundred miles, two armies and States, and the world is wonderful. "
style
As far as style is concerned, Du Fu's poems are diverse in style. Yuan Zhen's evaluation of Du Fu is: "As for the beauty of the son, it is called frivolous and coquettish. At that time, Shen Song seized Su Li and swallowed Cao Liu, hiding his face and thanking him for his loneliness. He was beautiful and beautiful, which was unique in ancient and modern times." Qin Guan also has a similar view: "So Du Zimei people are poor and expensive, extremely luxurious, full of diluted interest, delicate and clean, and have the beauty of algae, which is beyond the reach of other families." However, if you don't gather the strengths of many families, Du can't be immune. "For example, Du Fu also has a wild and unruly side, and Du Fu's heroism can be seen from his masterpiece" Singing the Eight Immortals ". The mainstream view holds that Du Fu's poems are gloomy in style, refined in language, rigorous in meter, skillful in craftsmanship, sincere in feelings, elegant in speech, profound in description, delicate and touching, and vivid in image. "Elaborating beautiful sentences for human nature and gushing" is his creative style. "As far as the narrative style and discussion style of Du Fu's poems are concerned, some scholars think that it is influenced by The Book of Songs Xiaoya, and his elegy and generosity are similar to Li Sao. Some scholars believe that Du Fu's poems have the traditional spirit of benevolent government and the spirit of Sima Qian's record. There are also views that Du Fu's poems have "humanitarian spirit". Han Yu, a great writer in the Tang Dynasty, once compared Du Fu and Li Bai, saying, "Du Li's articles are endless. Wang Anshi praised Du Fu's poem "Ugliness and beauty are so different, but how to carve them". Chen Shan's "New Theory on Qin Tick" Volume 7: "Old Du Fu's poems should be six classics in poetry, while others' poems are philosophers". Jiang Shiquan's Collection of Zhongyatang, the first volume, Preface to the Collection of Du Fu's Poems, is also called "Du Fu's Poet, Four Books in Poetry".
Rules and forms of classical poetry creation
In terms of meter, Du Fu's poems are characterized by refined words and neat antithesis, which conforms to the "architectural beauty" of China's poems. In addition, Du Fu also has many innovations in genre, such as his creativity in the Five-Seven Laws and his uniqueness in literary creation.
Extended reading: Du Fu's influence on later generations
Du Fu did not get much praise and attention during his lifetime and several years after his death, partly because of his innovation in style and meter. Some critics think that some of his works are still bold and eccentric. There is little information about his life, only six poets *** 1 1 poems. Moreover, these poems did not mention that he was a model of poetry and ethics.
In the ninth century, his works became famous, and the early positive comments came from Bai Juyi, who popularized some ethical viewpoints in Du Fu's works, although he only found these viewpoints in some of Du Fu's works. Besides Bai Juyi, there is Han Yu, who wrote articles to refute the voices against Du Li and defend their aesthetic status. At the same time, the poems of these two poets have the shadow of Du Fu's poems. As William Hung said, Du Fu is "a poet with increasing influence in China".
/kloc-At the beginning of the 20th century, Wei Zhuang, a former poet of Shu Five Dynasties, discovered the former site of the thatched cottage and rebuilt it for preservation. During this period, China set off a frenzy of "New Yuefu Movement", and Du Fu was regarded as the initiator of this realistic poetry movement. Since Bai Juyi, Du Fu's realistic creative spirit has influenced the creations of Pi Rixiu, Cao Ye, Nie, Du Xunhe and others, thus forming a school of realistic poetry, which dominated the poetry circles in the late Tang Dynasty.
In the Song Dynasty, Du Fu's fame reached its peak. Huang Tingjian, Chen Shidao and others. Specially explore the strange ways of Du Fu's poems and form the "Jiangxi Poetry School". Later Wang Anshi, Lu You and Wen Tianxiang were also influenced by Du Fu to some extent. Wen Tianxiang made 200 episodes of Du Fu's five-character poems in prison, and said in the preface: "Whoever wants to make a noise, Zi Mei will speak first." Du Fu's wider influence lies in that his works have turned rhythmic poetry from a word game into a carrier to express political ambitions, which laid the foundation for later poets' political writing.
The development of Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty ensured Du Fu's supremacy as a model of poetry. Su Shi explained the reason: "There are countless poets in ancient and modern times, but the one headed by Wu is not hungry and cold, but he never forgets your last meal!" His thinking ability exerted his influence. Because of his yearning for establishing a good social order, he is highly respected by politicians, reformers learn from his sympathy for the poor, and writers learn from his innovation in artistic techniques.
Jin Shengtan, a literary critic in the early Qing Dynasty, called Du Fu's poems, Qu Yuan's Lisao, Zhuang Zhou's Zhuangzi, Sima Qian's Historical Records, Shi Naian's Water Margin and Wang Shifu's The West Chamber "the Book of Six Talents". In contemporary times, Du Fu's loyalty to the country and concern for the people are reinterpreted as nationalism and socialism, and he himself is appreciated by modern researchers for using the "people's language".
Du Fu's influence on later generations is also moral. Rex Ross, a modern American poet in the 20th century, thinks that Du Fu pays attention to the love between people and the tolerance and sympathy between people: "My poetry is undoubtedly mainly influenced by Du Fu. I think he is the greatest poet except epic and drama. In some respects, he even surpassed Shakespeare and Homer, at least he is more natural and kind. "