The imperial mausoleums of the Qing Dynasty are mainly distributed in four places:
The first is the Qing Yongling Mausoleum located in Hetuala (now Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County, Liaoning), which is also the ancestral mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty, where Nurhachi was buried. The sixth generation ancestor Mengge Timur, great-grandfather Fuman, grandfather Jue Changan, and father Takeshi;
The second is the Qing Fuling Mausoleum and Qing Zhao Mausoleum located in Shenyang. Among them, Nurhachi was buried in Fuling Mausoleum of Qing Dynasty, and Huang Taiji was buried in Zhaoling Mausoleum of Qing Dynasty;
The third one is Dongling Tomb of Qing Dynasty, located at the foot of Changrui Mountain 23 kilometers west of Zunhua, Hebei Province, where Shunzhi, Kangxi, Qianlong, The five emperors Xianfeng and Tongzhi;
The fourth is the Qingxi Mausoleum at the foot of Yongning Mountain, 15 kilometers west of Yi County, Hebei Province, where the four emperors Yongzheng, Jiaqing, Daoguang and Guangxu are buried.
They were also emperors of the Aisin Gioro family. Why were the imperial mausoleums located in multiple places?
Hetuala can be said to be the birthplace of the Qing Dynasty. In the 31st year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1603), Nurhaci built a city here. In the forty-fourth year of Wanli (1616), the Great Jin Dynasty was established, which was known as the "Houjin Dynasty" in history, and Nurhaci became the Khan.
This is the foundation of the Nurhachi family, so their ancestral mausoleum, the Qingyong Tomb, was naturally built here. Although later emperors entered the customs, ancestor worship at Yongling was still a national ceremony of the Qing Dynasty.
Later, Nurhachi and others developed and expanded. After moving to several places during the Hou Jin Dynasty, they moved the capital to Shenyang and built today's Shenyang Forbidden City.
The Shenyang Forbidden City experienced two emperors, Nurhaci and Huang Taiji (the Great Khan), so they were also buried in Shenyang after their deaths.
At this time, the Qing Dynasty was still a local separatist regime. The specifications of the mausoleums were not built according to the imperial mausoleums, but the Khan mausoleums.
Although Nurhaci’s Fuling and Huang Taiji’s Zhaoling are both in Shenyang, there is still a distance of twenty kilometers between them. So, strictly speaking, they are not next to each other.
The main reason for this is that the Zhaoling Mausoleum of Huang Taiji is an imitation of the Zhaoling Mausoleum of Tang Taizong Li Shimin. system".
The so-called Zhaomu system means that the tomb of Taizu is in the center, and the descendants are arranged on the left and right, with Zhao on the left and Mu on the right. If the previous generation is Zhao, the next generation will be Mu, and the next generation will be Zhao... Come at intervals.
Later, the Aixinjueluo Group's business progressed smoothly. After Emperor Shunzhi, the youngest son of Huang Taiji, came to the throne, the regent Dorgon teamed up with Wu Sangui to invade Beijing, and the Qing Dynasty officially became a national political power.
Therefore, the next emperor of the Qing Dynasty did not follow the Zhaomu system in Shenyang, but found a new place for the imperial mausoleum in the pass.
Emperor Shunzhi took a fancy to Mount Changrui, which is west of Zunhua, Hebei today, so he built the Imperial Tombs of the Qing Dynasty (later known as the Qingdong Tombs) in imitation of the Ming Tombs.
After the death of Emperor Shunzhi, he was buried on the central axis from Jinxing Mountain in the south to the main peak of Changrui Mountain in the north, that is, Xiaoling. Future emperors will still follow the Zhaomu system, but they are not as far apart as Fuling and Zhaoling in Shenyang, but close to each other.
The tombs of later emperors are centered on Xiaoling, with one on the left and one on the right. Emperor Shunzhi envisioned his son on the left, his grandson on the right, and his grandson’s son on the left...
The next Emperor Kangxi obeyed his father Shunzhi's wishes and was buried in Jingling to the left of Xiaoling. But when it came to Kangxi's son Yongzheng, Yongzheng did not follow the routine.
Originally Yongzheng had chosen Jiufeng Chaoyang Mountain in Dongling as his mausoleum. But later I regretted it and wanted to find another cemetery... She was so arrogant.
There are different opinions among the people about the specific reasons. Some say that he usurped the throne, and some say that he has failed his ancestors. However, the reason was explained in the "History of Engineering". It was mainly because people from the Ministry of Industry investigated and thought that Feng Shui was not very good...
Of course, it is hard to say whether this is the real reason.
Anyway, later Yongzheng asked Prince Yunxiang of Yi and Gao Qizhuo, the governor of Liangjiang, to choose another location for the imperial mausoleum. The final decision was the location of the Western Tomb of the Qing Dynasty today.
Emperor Yongzheng was happy and relieved, but when his son Emperor Qianlong became emperor, he became depressed. His most admired grandfather Kangxi was buried in the Eastern Tomb of Qing Dynasty, and his father was buried in the Western Tomb of Qing Dynasty. Who are you following?
After some research, Emperor Qianlong decided that in order to prevent the Qing Dong Tomb from being abandoned in the future, he would follow Yong Zheng and move into the Qing Dong Tomb after his death. A rule was also set: he was buried in the Eastern Tomb of Qing Dynasty, his son was buried in the Western Tomb of Qing Dynasty, and his grandson was buried in the Eastern Tomb of Qing Dynasty.
That is, the Zhaozong burial system, to put it bluntly, "buries one in the east and one in the west." Burying the grandson and grandfather together can solve this problem.
However, Qianlong's descendants did not fully comply. According to the order, Emperor Daoguang should be in Dongling, but Dongling was leaking at that time, so it was changed to Xiling...
By the time of the last emperor Puyi, the Qing Dynasty fell and the feudal system disappeared. Puyi did not build an imperial mausoleum. He was first buried in Babaoshan and later moved to Hualong Royal Cemetery.
Although the Hualong Royal Cemetery is very close to the Qingxi Mausoleum, it is a private cemetery. The reason why Puyi was "invited" is for marketing and advertising...
Above.