The origin of "Three Qin" and "Three Jin" where everything comes from
■The origin of "Three Jin"
According to legend, Taiyuan was a fiefdom of the ancient Tang Dynasty, abbreviated as Shanxi. Jin, Sanjin is the nickname of Shanxi and Taiyuan. This article will talk about the history of Taiyuan in terms of the relationship between Tang, Jin and the Three Jin Dynasties.
About "Three Jins". In 458 BC, not long after Duke Ai of Jin came to the throne, Zhibo, one of the six ministers of Jin (Zhi, Zhao, Wei, Han, Fan, Zhongxing), took control of the real power of Jin. He, together with the Han family and the Wei family, divided up the Fan family, the Wei family and the Jin family. The town of Zhongxing clan. Then Zhibo joined forces with Han and Wei to besiege Jinyang, the capital of Zhao State, and the soldiers poured water in an attempt to destroy Zhao in one fell swoop. Zhao Xiangzi used the principle of "a dead lip means a cold tooth", and sent people to secretly persuade Han and Wei. The three families united against Zhibo, defeated Zhibo's army in Jinyang, and killed Zhibo. In 453 BC, the three families of Zhao, Han, and Wei divided the territory of Jin. In 403 BC, the 23rd year of King Weilie of Zhou (the 17th year of Duke Lie of Jin), Zhao, Wei, and Han were granted the title of princes. Since Zhao, Wei, and Han were all born in the Jin Kingdom, after the "Three Kingdoms Divided Jin", although the Jin Kingdom declared its demise, the emerging Zhao, Wei, and Han princes were active on the Chinese stage; but as a principality, Jin had its martyrdom and filial piety. , Jinggong has existed in name only in the small world for 28 years.
The Jin Dynasty and the Three Jin Dynasties were an indivisible ancient civilization in Chinese history before the unification of Qin Dynasty. The so-called Three Jins means that the Jin Dynasty is divided into three families, and the Jin Dynasty is divided into three families. The division of the three families into the Jin Dynasty marked the beginning of the Warring States Period (403 BC) in Chinese history. Sima Guang's "Zizhi Tongjian" took the division of the three families into the Jin Dynasty as the beginning and mentioned the predicate "three Jins". The Three Jins are actually the collective name for this period of history in later generations. I think, just as later generations call Shu, Wei and Wu the Three Kingdoms in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, they refer to this period of history in general. The Three Jin Dynasties not only represent the Jin State that dominated the Spring and Autumn Period, but also include Zhao, Wei, and Han who were among the seven heroes of the Warring States Period. After 2,000 years, people still miss and praise the Three Jins. They call Shanxi collectively the Three Jins, which shows that the status of the Three Jins in Chinese history is more extensive than that of Jin. The connotation of one; it shows that the Sanjin culture has realized the integration of northern culture and Central Plains culture, and has made historical contributions to the inheritance and development of Chinese national culture; it shows that the Sanjin land has superior geography, rich resources, and a gathering of talents, and is a geomantic treasure of the motherland. .
With a 30-century long history and ancient culture, the sons and daughters of Sanjin will surely play an even more glorious song of triumph in the land of Sanjin in the glorious era of the new century!
■The origin of "Three Qin"
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Shaanxi was governed by the Qin State, so later generations referred to Shaanxi as "Qin" for short; "; the Weihe Plain is called "Qinchuan". Shaanxi is also called "Three Qin", why is this?
It turns out that after a series of wars during the Spring and Autumn Period, many countries perished. By the Warring States Period, there were only seven countries left in China: Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao, Wei, and Qin. During the reign of King Qin Yingzheng, from 230 BC to 221 BC, the Qin State successively destroyed the other six countries and established the unprecedented unified feudal centralized Qin Dynasty for the first time in China. However, due to the extremely heavy taxes, military service, corvee labor, and harsh laws of the Qin Dynasty, the people were in dire straits. By 206 BC, Liu Bang led his army to capture Xianyang, and the Qin Empire only existed for 15 years.
As for why Shaanxi is also called "Three Qin"? This starts with Xiang Yu: In 206 BC, the army led by Xiang Yu also came to Xianyang after Liu Bang. Xiang Yu was born in an old aristocratic family of Chu State. In order to restore the Chu State during the peasant uprising at the end of the Qin Dynasty, Xiang Yu destroyed the main force of the Qin army in the Battle of Julu in 207 BC, and Zhang Han surrendered. In 206 BC, Xiang Yu led troops into Xianyang, killed Prince Ying of Qin who had surrendered, burned Xianyang City and Epang Palace, and established himself as the overlord of Western Chu.
After Xiang Yu led his troops to the east, he made his capital in Pengcheng (today's Xuzhou), considered himself the supreme ruler of China, and granted various vassal titles. Among them, Liu Bang was granted the title of King of Han, with the capital at Nanzheng and jurisdiction over southern Shaanxi, Ba and Shu. In order to prevent the expansion of Liu Bang's power and contain Liu Bang, he divided Guanzhong and northern Shaanxi in Shaanxi into three parts: he named Zhang Han, the surrendered general of Qin, as King Yong, and his capital was Feiqiu (southeast of today's Xingping), which governed the area west of Xianyang and eastern Gansu. ; Sima Xin was granted the title of King of Sai, with his capital at Yueyang (near present-day Yanliang in Xi'an), and jurisdiction over the east of Xianyang; Dong Yi was granted the title of King of Zhai, with his capital at Gaonu (there are three accounts of the city's location: Fuxian, Ansai, and Yan'an) and jurisdiction over Shaanxi north. Therefore, later generations generally called Shaanxi "Three Qin", and Xianyang became the dividing point of the Three Qin.
In fact, the land of Sanqin did not include southern Shaanxi at that time, but later people's understanding of the concept of "Three Qin" changed, that is, northern Shaanxi, Guanzhong, and southern Shaanxi were collectively called "Three Qin".
After the name "Three Qin" came into being, some people in history also used it as the name of the regime. For example, during the Five Hus and Sixteen Kingdoms period, in 350 AD, Fu Hong, the leader of a clan living in the southeast of Qin'an County, Gansu, raised an army and called himself the "King of Three Qin" to establish political power. In 352, his son Fu Jian proclaimed himself emperor, and his capital was Chang'an. The country was named "Qin" and its history was called "former Qin". In 385, the Qiang leader Yao Chang captured and killed the former Qin emperor Fu Jian. In 386, Yao Chang proclaimed himself emperor and made his capital Chang'an. His country was named "Qin" and historically known as "Later Qin".