From the Tang Dynasty to the modern 1000 years, more than 480 China celebrities stayed in Huizhou. Among them, Su Dongpo, a great writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, lived in Huizhou for three years, and Sun Yat-sen and Zhou Enlai carried out revolutionary activities here. Liao, Deng, Ye Ting, Zeng Sheng and other Democrats and revolutionaries all came from Huizhou.
language
Huizhou mainly speaks Chinese dialects, and a few people speak Yao or She languages.
There are also some Yao speakers in Lantian Yao Township in the north of Longmen County, but they have gradually become Chinese. A few people in Huidong and Boluo speak She language.
Hakka dialect is the largest Chinese dialect in Huizhou, which is related to the city's inherent cultural and historical background and long-term close contact with northern Hakka areas such as Meizhou, Shaoguan and Heyuan.
Shanwei City in the east mainly speaks Min dialect, so some people in the east of the city also speak Min dialect (Fulao dialect).
Guangzhou and Dongguan in the west mainly speak Cantonese, so some people in the west also speak Cantonese (vernacular).
In addition, some people in Boluo and Longmen also speak "local dialect".
In Huizhou city, there are a group of "local dialects" in addition to the common Hakka dialects with Xingmei and Huiyang accents, and their pedigree is still controversial.
Through research, it is found that in recent years, most of the "local dialects" in central Guangdong are different from Hakka dialects in Huizhou, Heyuan and Shaoguan counties distributed in Dongjiang River basin.
According to the collection of Liu Shuxin and Hou Xiaoying, this dialect is distributed in:
1, Lilin, Shuikou, Ma 'an, Pingtan, Hengli and Luzhou in Huizhou urban and suburban areas.
2. Boluo County: mainly distributed in the north bank of Dongjiang River in the south, such as Luo Yang (county), Longxi, Longhua, Huzhen, Henghe, Yangcun, Gongzhuang, Guanyinge and other towns;
3. Huiyang District: A few villages in Pingtan, Zhenlong and other towns adjacent to Huicheng District use local dialects;
4. Huidong County: It is distributed in a few villages such as Sansheng and Mingxi in Duozhu Town, and Dapu and Jiaotian in Daling Town.
5. Longmen County: Local dialects are mainly distributed in towns such as Pingling and Luxi in the southeast;
6. Yuancheng District and Dongyuan County: The local dialect is the mainstream, mainly distributed in urban areas, lighthouses, boathouses, He Kang and other places.
7. Longchuan County: In the south, Laolong (county), Tuocheng, Fucheng, Yidu, Sidu, Heshi, Tongqu and other towns and villages located on both sides of Dongjiang River.
8. Zijin County: Linjiang, Guzhu, Baipu, Yi Rong, Tanghuang and other towns near Heyuan City in the west are used by many villagers.
9. Lianping County: Zhongxin, Youxi, Sanjiao, Hu Da, Embroidered Satin, Gaowan, Longjie, Tianyuan, Xishan and other towns, and it is adjacent to Dongyuan County and Xinfeng County in the south.
10, peace county: most of Linzhai and Dongshui towns in the southeast, and some villages in Zhai Peng and Guzhai towns.
Xinfeng County, Shaoguan City 1 1: The local dialect ("Suwon dialect") is mainly distributed in Matou, Shijiao and Daxi Town in the east, and some residents in Fengcheng and Meikeng towns also use it.
With the progress of society and the emergence of new things, the Chinese dialects in Huizhou are also changing gradually, mainly in the introduction of new words and the withdrawal of some old words.
At the same time, Hakka dialect, Fulao dialect and vernacular words are also absorbed and used in communication.
This makes some changes in the common vocabulary of several dialects.
Due to the popularity of Putonghua and the entry of more foreigners (especially mainlanders), the use of Chinese dialects and Putonghua in Huizhou is also changing, especially in Huicheng District. In public places, the usage rate of dialects is much lower than that of Putonghua.
The usage rate of dialects in various counties also tends to decrease.
Dong Si culture is a unique cultural highlight of Huizhou, which refers to Dongjiang, Dongpo and Dong Zhong, Towa Tei.
Dongjiang culture refers to the main cultural resources in Dongjiang area with Huizhou as the center.
Its main body is Hakka culture, including physical geography, ancient times, folk customs, religion, revolutionary history and other cultures in Dongjiang River Basin.
Dongpo culture refers to Su Dongpo's Huimin culture.
That is, Su Dongpo's social and cultural activities, ideological and cultural connotation and its great influence during his stay in Huizhou.
Crusade culture refers to the two Crusades and the workers' and peasants' movements launched by the people led by Sun Yat-sen to realize national reunification.
Dong Zhong culture refers to the glorious history of the establishment of Dongjiang base area by anti-Japanese guerrillas led by China, including the development and heroic deeds of Dong Zhong.
Some people clap their hands against the proposal of "Dongjiang culture". Later, although the concept of "New East Four Cultures" was formally put forward, there were still many disputes between academic circles and officials.
"New Dong Si Culture" refers to Huizhou folk culture of Dongjiang, Huidongpo culture, Dongjiang revolutionary history culture and Dongqiao religious culture.
It has been more than 400 years since the Hakkas moved to Huizhou from eastern Guangdong, western Fujian and southern Jiangxi. However, Huizhou Hakkas, based on tradition, learned from others and created Hakka culture with regional characteristics.
Huizhou Hakka culture not only has the traditions of Meizhou, Gannan and western Fujian, but also is good at absorbing the essence of Guangfu and southern Fujian cultures and forming a unique style.
Huizhou folk songs, for example, originated in Meizhou, but influenced by local indigenous songs, the tunes are not as mellow and soft as Meizhou folk songs, but high-pitched and bold.
Dongjiang cuisine is also unique, different from Meizhou cuisine.
guangdong hanchu opera
Han Opera, Cantonese Opera and Chaozhou Opera are the three major operas in Guangdong.
Han Opera, also known as Waijiang Opera, has a history of more than 300 years and is known as "Southern Peony".
Huiyang Han Opera Troupe is a cultural organization established on the basis of 1963 Longchuan Dongjiang Jianghan Opera Troupe, which has absorbed talents from Shantou, Shaoguan and Meizhou. He has successfully performed Qin Xianglian, Hai Rui dismissed from office and other Chinese dramas.
1976, the troupe staged 47 performances of "Qin Xianglian" in Huizhou Great Hall of the People (now Huadu Theatre), which was packed and unprecedented.
1984 group was cancelled.
However, many artists are still full of persistent pursuit of Hakka traditional local opera, and voluntarily set up Huizhou Han Opera Music Research Association, striving to make this wonderful Hakka art reappear.
Hakka folk songs
Huizhou Hakka folk songs have distinctive local colors and unique artistic styles.
Its lyrics are basically seven words and four sentences.
Easy to understand, vivid and sincere, it reflects the local customs and has a strong local flavor.
Huiyang Hakka folk song "The sun rises for half a day to see Sister Niu get better. If there is no food, take two sweet potatoes and taro. "
(including tunes) was included in the book Hakka Folk Songs Range Rover by Professor Wen Ping of Xinghai Conservatory of Music.
Wang is a Hakka in Loujiao Village, Zhenlou. He has composed and sang more than 7,200 folk songs in 44 years. He insisted on using folk songs to help farmers to be less blind, praised good people and publicized the party's principles and policies, and was praised by the masses as "the king of folk songs".
Huang Hongying, a Hakka female singer in Hu Yong Town, is a famous "folk star" at home and abroad. She sang a song "Hakka Girls Love Singing".
Hakka xiehouyu
Huizhou local Hakka colloquial idioms Hakka two-part allegorical sayings are mostly created by Huizhou people through accumulated labor.
This oral quotation generally consists of two parts, the first sentence is a riddle-like riddle, the second sentence is a riddle, and the last sentence is also omitted.
Such as: "Carpenters wear cangue-self-inflicted; Broken wood under the bed-hitting the board "; "The cow crossed the water-each took care of himself; Sleep with a hunchback-there are no seats at both ends; Dogs bite turtles ―― there is no way to bite them; Wax sticks beat dogs ―― one roll is missing; See your wife at a glance-at a glance; The Hakka two-part allegorical saying "My husband is watching a play behind his wife's back ―― making a fool of himself" makes good use of artistic techniques such as metaphor, pun and exaggeration to visualize the Hakka dialect, which is both rich and vivid.
food culture
There are three treasures in Huizhou cuisine: Dongjiang brine chicken (Hakka brine chicken), Hakka fermented bean curd and braised pork with plum.
Braised pork with plum vegetables is famous at home and abroad, and it is the representative work of Dongjiang Hakka food culture.
Huizhou regional famous specialties include bamboo shoots and honey in Longmen Xixi; Boluo Crispy Sugar, Ma Bei Meatballs, Luofushan Crispy Fermented Vegetables, Vanilla Oil, Shiba Inu Sanhuang Chicken; Huidong Tieyong offered oysters, and Gao Tan Ming Jiang; Freshwater pears in Huiyang, Zhenlong litchi and so on.
1990 A nest of nearly 30 dinosaur eggs proves that it was a land swamp 70 million years ago.
Up to 20 14, Huizhou has discovered 28 hill sites and ancient cave sites. The oldest site is the Spring and Autumn Site of Wayaoling in Sandong, and its unearthed cultural relics show that ancestors lived and multiplied in this land from the late Neolithic Age to the Bronze Age.