We know that culture is the sum of material wealth and spiritual wealth created by human beings in the process of social development. Chinese jade culture is a branch of Chinese national culture, and it is also the sum of material wealth and spiritual wealth with jade as the main content created by the ancient working people in China in the long-term social practice. The emergence of Chinese jade culture has its historical inevitability, and its reasons are various. And different scholars may have different views from different angles. This paper puts forward some views on the causes of jade culture in order to communicate with appreciators.
The primitive pursuit of beauty in the Stone Age
From a historical point of view, this constitutes an epoch-making symbol. [2] We can imagine that when the ancestors patiently and meticulously polished those crystal clear "beautiful stones", they made them into meaningful shapes, drilled a small hole, and even put on their own twisted ropes, which were put around their necks or hung on their chests. This is a wonderful and moving scene, which shows that the ancients pursued beauty and marked the faith and sustenance in people's hearts. Jade is extremely beautiful, extremely hard and precious, which is naturally associated with the concepts of supreme ancestors, supreme natural forces and supreme ghosts and gods in the thoughts of ancient ancestors. Things like ancient amulets are produced by this natural process. In the process of social development since then, there have been many myths and legends closely related to jade, which shows that in the thinking and imagination of the ancients, a piece of beautiful jade has endless contact and influence on the world, ancestors, lightning and thunder, and all living things. This is indeed a very important leap. A large number of ancient written records and unearthed cultural relics have proved a historical fact: a piece of jade, a small ornament, the most primitive aesthetic consciousness, the earliest belief and piety have been constantly given new meanings and played new roles, and finally gave birth to the unique jade culture in China. The emergence of China State and Jade Culture State is a very complicated social phenomenon, which depends on many factors. However, through the study of jade, it is obvious that jade played a very important role in the process of the emergence of China countries. Mainly reflected in the following aspects:
Jade promoted the emergence of civilized society.
Jade promoted the emergence of civilized society, thus laying the foundation for the emergence of a country: historical knowledge tells us that the emergence of civilized society is the first before the formation of a country. Civilized society contains many phenomena and contents, such as the origin and application of characters, the formation of industrious classes specializing in governing the people, the emergence of craftsmen and workshops in handicrafts, the emergence of religions and wizards, and the creation and application of arts and crafts, decorative paintings and other works of art, etc. Compared with other cultural products, jade occupies a dominant position in many civilized phenomena, which is particularly eye-catching.
Jade consciousness evolved into national consciousness.
Some primitive consciousness of jade has gradually evolved into national consciousness: like any country, the national history of China has also experienced the evolution from blood clan organization to regional organization, from clan society to ancient city. From village society to village group society and then to national politics, this is the general trajectory of national production, in which the generation and formation of national consciousness is the key. Jade totem, as a symbol of a clan and a tribe, represents people's sense of clan, organization and regional organization at that time, which is bound to further develop and expand. The use of bronzes promoted this development process. With the appearance of jade and the further development of its pursuit, people have endowed jade with richer concepts and contents, which are no longer unique to a clan or a village. They have greatly transcended the boundaries of clan regions and become the belief and worship of people in a considerable range. For example, jade jade and jade cong in the jade era can be widely unearthed in various regions of China, so the consciousness at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China appeared.
The political class represented by jade articles
The political value of ancient jade is embodied in ancient jade, which is the materialization of social hierarchy and the carrier of ancient moral and cultural concepts. The unearthed jade articles are basically large and medium-sized tombs with status and status. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were regulations on the use of "Six Sites", and six different kinds of jade articles were used by officials with different identities, namely "Wang Zhi Precious Turtle, Gong Zhihuan Turtle, Hou Zhixingui, Zhi Bo Palace Turtle, Purple Ancient Jade and Door Jade"; From the Qin dynasty, the emperor adopted the system of taking jade as the seal, which continued until the Qing dynasty; In the Tang Dynasty, the system of officials using jade was clearly stipulated, such as the jade belt system.
The nature of jade promotes social development.
The nature of jade itself promoted the development of private ownership society: because of its rarity, jade became one of the few luxury goods at that time and a symbol of power, status and wealth. In order to get these things, it began to plunder and possess jade culture.
The more plunder and possession, the higher the status. This process gradually evolved, and the relationship between people was enslaved and enslaved, so the relationship between ruling and being ruled came into being. Jade promoted the development of superstructure in ancient countries: the emergence of a country needs superstructure, which includes political theory, ideological and cultural consciousness, army and weapons. Jade plays an irreplaceable role in all aspects of superstructure, and jade ritual vessels, tools, ritual vessels and jade burial are all important contents. In a word, jade has a close relationship with the emergence of ancient countries in China, mainly because of its inherent strong duality, that is, it is both a practical product and a work of art. When it is used as tools, utensils and wealth, it belongs to the economic category; When it is appreciated as a work of art, it can make people associate, daydream and even fantasize. As a result, all kinds of magical ideas about jade, including the idea of satisfying the good wishes of mankind, the idea of catering to the extravagant hopes of the ruling class, and various customs and regulations related to it, have emerged. Jade was produced much earlier than other handicrafts, and it was most easily absorbed and utilized by superstructure. Objectively, only it has the conditions to enter politics earlier. Under the historical conditions at that time, its output was large, its application fields were wide, its application forms were high, and its social theory was rich, which was really unparalleled. Therefore, when the civilizations of ancient society finally merged into a unified ideology (that is, national consciousness) in ancient areas, jade culture was once greatly integrated and played an important role in the founding practice of Chinese ancestors.
Jade culture and ancient national political theory
Jade played an important role in China's ancient national politics, which was actually the content of the national political theory at that time. To sum up, there are the following four aspects: (1) The theory of the master of all things: This theory holds that jade can represent the four sides of heaven and earth and the emperors on earth, communicate the relationship between gods and people, express the information and will of heaven, and is the master of heaven, earth, universe and human happiness and misfortune. In ancient Chinese characters, the word "jade" is not a dot, but the same as the emperor's "king". When explaining the word "Wang" of the emperor in the paragraph of Shuo Wen Jie Zi, he thought that Wang meant "the world goes back". Dong Zhongshu also said: "Ancient writers, three paintings connected, are called kings. Third, heaven and earth are also people. And Wang Ye who participated in it. " The paragraph notes in Shuo Wen Jie Zi explain that the font of jade is "three jade coherent", that is, three horizontal lines and one vertical line symbolize that a silk thread runs through three beautiful jade. Another word "yellow" is a combination of "white" and "jade". It is no coincidence that the words "Wang" and "Yu" in ancient Chinese are the same. The connection between "Heaven and Earth" and "Wang Zhi" is mysterious and meaningful. There are many descriptions in many classics, which prove that "three jade connected" actually represents "heaven and earth connected". Zhou Li's Big Bo records that jade is used as six kinds of utensils to honor the world. In essence, jade can represent the four sides of heaven and earth, through which people's wishes and consciousness can be communicated. (2) The essence of heaven and earth: this theory explains the origin of jade with the concept of the essence of heaven and earth, and explains the essence and function of jade with the view of the opposition of yin and yang, so as to respect jade as the god of things and give it magical charm. The argument of this theory is widely found in various ancient documents. For example, Zheng Zhu quoted in Zhou: "Things are transformed by heaven and earth and are called jade. Gold and jade are transformed from heaven and earth into natural things, so they are called commodities. " In addition, White Tiger, Yi Tong and Hu Kao, Caiyuan Series and Yu Ji all have the same exposition. Jade culture
(3) Moral Paradigm Theory: The content of this theory is to combine the inherent physical attributes of jade with the concepts of good and evil, honor and disgrace, beauty and ugliness in the society at that time, and make an anthropomorphic explanation as a standard for evaluating and judging people's behavior. This statement is also widely seen in various ancient documents. There is a typical interpretation of jade in Shuo Wen Jie Zi: "The beauty of stone has five virtues. Warm and loving; (This word is angle+thinking) From the outside, we can know that the righteousness is also right; Its sound is soothing, its design is far-listening, and its wisdom is also; Fearless and unyielding, the brave side is also; Sharp and honest, not arrogant and arrogant, with an arrogant (clean) side. " (4) The theory of exorcising evil spirits and prolonging life: this theory holds that jade has supernatural power. Putting jade for people to wear or use can increase mental and psychological resistance, resist the invasion of evil spirits, sweep away sneaky evil spirits, and ensure the safety and auspiciousness of people and things. This statement is also recorded in many ancient documents in China. For example, Gao Xin's Notes says: "There are ghosts in the land of Danqiu, and there are black forks and postscript. If you can use the red manao as a jar and musical instrument, they are exquisite and light, but if China people are useful, you can't satisfy them with charm. " At the same time, I believe that jade has the function of making people live forever, and that eating and taking jade can achieve the goal of staying young forever. The most widely publicized and used concepts are probably Taoism and magic. Ge Hong of the Eastern Jin Dynasty wrote "Bao Pu Zi", in which the volume "Fairy Medicine" said: "Jade is also a fairy medicine, but it is rarely heard." He also said, "Those who serve gold will live as long as gold, and those who serve jade will live as long as jade." Wait a minute.
This paragraph edited jade culture and ancient literature.
Early Tang dynasty
Jade has a great influence on China's literary and historical works, and many works discuss jade as an important content, such as Shan Hai Jing and Shi Yi Ji. Taking legends, operas and a dream of red mansions as examples, this paper briefly discusses the relationship between jade and China's ancient literary works. Legend has it that the Lingxiao Hall where the Jade Emperor lives and the Yushan Mountain in Kunlun where the Queen Mother of the West lives are all places with brilliant gems, such as Qionglou Yuchi and Qionghua Yushu, while the Moon Palace Guanghan Palace where Chang 'e lives is deserted, with only Jade Rabbit as a companion. There is "How to Give Yu Pei" in The Book of Songs Qin Feng. Qu Yuan also expressed his feelings in "Nine Songs": "Yao mat is rich in jade, but it will only become." Among jade, Yao is second only to stone. Joan, the leaf of jade. I'm talking about my own decoration, with Yao Yu as the seat and Mei Yu as the cake. Why not? In Zuo Zhuan's Fifteen Years of "xianggong", an article of less than 100 words shows the gentleman's fashion of Song Heqing. The article describes that during the Spring and Autumn Period, someone gave Zi Han a piece of Baoyu and said, "This must be Baoyu. I gave it to you specially today." But Zi Han said righteously: "Although this jade is a treasure, I regard greed as my treasure." Therefore, I firmly refuse to accept it. In William Wang's Liangzhou Ci in Tang Dynasty, it was written that "if you want to drink pipa, you must urge a luminous glass of wine". The "luminous cup" mentioned here is a glass with a very thin glass wall carved with Hetian white jade. This kind of jade can shine in the moonlight, which is in harmony with the wine in the glass, making the poet feel beautiful and intoxicated. Li Shangyin, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, also wrote the poem "Lantian Breathes Jade to Japan". The eternal topic of love is also related to jade, and many fascinating love stories have been interpreted. The love story of "Nong Yu's oral sex" has always been praised by the world. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Qin Mugong had a little daughter named Nong Yu, who was very good at blowing sheng. There is a balcony called Fengtai where she lives. One day, I went to blowing sheng on Fengtai. Suddenly, someone sang with me. At night, he dreamed that a beautiful man descended from the sky on Cai Feng and stood on Fengtai. He told Nong Yu, "I am the Lord of Taihua Mountain. I am destined to marry you and meet you in the Mid-Autumn Festival. " Say and untie Yu Di at the waist, lean on the bar and blow, and Cai Feng echoes the song and dance. Nong Yu woke up and sent someone to Huashan to look for it. On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, a man named Xiaoshi plays the flute for Mu Gong. "Just taste one song, and the breeze blows gently." Play the second song, colorful clouds in four; When I played the third song, I saw white cranes dancing in pairs in the air, peacocks living in pairs in the forest, birds singing, and then dispersed. "Mu Gong was very happy and gave Xiaoshi a chance to marry Nong Yu. One night after half a year, Nong Yu and his wife played the flute in Fengtai. Suddenly, "the purple phoenix stands on the left and the red dragon stands on the right", so they hitchhiked in Lapras, far away from Fengtai Xiangyun. Today, having a "son-in-law" is the result [3].
Yuan and Ming dynasties
At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, the famous zaju Jade Comb, also known as Jade Comb, was called "Jing attaches importance to jade culture"
Jade comb is a love story between Yangzhou scholar Jing and Gu Yuxiang, the prefect of Songjiang prefecture. Gu and Jing fell in love for two years, but at this time, Jing ran out of money, was humiliated by his wife, and was fired. Gu Yuxiang encouraged Jing to take the exam in Beijing to make a name for himself. When leaving, Yuxiang "weighed the precious jade comb in half", and each of them held half as a token. After Jing left, Yuxiang was very worried about acacia. "MC Davi is scarce and lazy." "Eating in the morning is tasteless, and it is difficult to fall asleep at night." She shut the door and refused the guests. Later, Yuxiang escaped from the brothel and rushed to Kyoto to find Chen Chu. On the way, she was stopped by Liu Maoying, a wealthy businessman, and threatened with a knife. Just in time to catch up with the champion, I passed by on duty, saved Yuxiang and recognized him. Gu and Jing are married, and the jade comb that "sets the silversmith with gold" will remain in history forever. Gao Lian, a playwright of the Ming Dynasty, also told people a love comedy about Hosta. Pan Bi, the champion of the Southern Song Dynasty, is studying for the exam in Lin 'an and visiting her aunt at the Nuzhen Temple in Jinling. Chen Miao, whose family is well-off, often goes to the temple as a female Taoist because she avoids the plight of Jingkang. Under the mutual influence of the piano sound and poetic talent, the emotional exchange between Pan and Chen has become a good thing. Seeing this, the master forced my nephew to go to the scientific research and personally sent him aboard. Chen Miaochang hurriedly hired a boat to catch up with his lover, and the two gave each other a jade hairpin and a mandarin duck fan as keepsakes on the river. Later, Pan Bizheng was admitted to the official and married Chen Miaochang. The purple hairpin written by Tang Xianzu, a famous drama writer in Ming Dynasty, tells people a tortuous and beautiful love story with purple jade and gold hairpin worn by the heroine. Li Yi, a gifted scholar from Longxi who studied in Chang 'an, met Miss Huo at the Lantern Festival. Xiaoyu accidentally lost the purple hairpin, and Li Yi just picked it up. When two people fall in love, they become relatives. After marriage, Li Yi took part in the imperial examination and won the top prize. However, because he offended Lu Taiwei, a powerful official of the dynasty, he was sent to the army outside Yumenguan and could not return to the DPRK. Li Yi made meritorious service outside the customs, but he was placed under house arrest by Lu Taiwei, and he still can't meet Xiaoyu. Lu Taiwei wrote to Xiaoyu and lied that Li Yi had adopted a son-in-law in Lufu. Xiaoyu was very sad when she received the fake letter. She hates Li Yi's fickleness, but she doesn't quite believe it. She spent all her money looking for the trace of Li Yi, and finally sold the purple jade hairpin that Lufu just bought back. Lu Taiwei knew that this hairpin belonged to Li Hehuo, so he used the purple jade hairpin to cheat Li Yi that Xiaoyu had married someone else, which led to misunderstanding between them. When the yellow knight heard about it, he rescued Li Yi and let him meet Xiao Yu. Li put a purple hairpin on Xiaoyu, and the two cleared their suspicions. The Yellow Shirts also blamed Lu Taiwei's autocratic power over Li Yi and Xiaoyu's injustice on the Lord, and finally the traitor was punished. Yi Li is a bachelor of Jixian Temple, assistant minister of Luan Tai, and Huo Xiaoyu is Mrs. Tai Yuan. In contrast, Ji's story is more tortuous and sad. According to legend, the poor king thought it was a dowry and married money. I don't want the king to betray his wife, refuse the prime minister's son-in-law, offend powerful people, and leave his hometown because he doesn't want to betray his wife. His wife was forced to throw herself into the river, but luckily, she met a good man to save her. A few years later, both of them thought each other was dead, and they dared not recognize each other when they met at the Taoist temple. Finally, they reunited with Chai Jing.
Jade Culture and A Dream of Red Mansions
In the history of China, A Dream of Red Mansions is a masterpiece closely related to jade. Author Cao Xueqin, the whole family eats porridge. Ten years of hard work, tears died before crying into a dream of red mansions. The original name of this book is "The Story of the Stone", that is, from the excavation of a small stone "Tongling Baoyu" to the disappearance of this stone, it comprehensively and profoundly reveals the irrationality of the feudal system and indicates the objective law of the inevitable demise of feudal society. Therefore, it is necessary for both lovers of A Dream of Red Mansions and lovers of ancient jade culture to do some in-depth research from this angle, so as to further understand the value and artistic techniques of this famous work. On the basis of predecessors' research and personal understanding, the author puts forward some views on the relationship between jade and A Dream of Red Mansions in order to gain more incisive opinions from the vast number of appreciators. 1, A Dream of Red Mansions uses "psychic Baoyu" to mercilessly mock Baoyu's traditional jade concept and theory.
And negation. Reading A Dream of Red Mansions is related to China's traditional jade culture theory. We can clearly see that the birth and final ending of "psychic Baoyu" in the book is a ruthless mockery and denial of the theory that jade is the master and essence of heaven and earth in feudal society. We have been verified from the following aspects: (1) The "psychic Baoyu" in the book was originally refined by Vadi, which can be described as the essence of heaven and earth. However, after exercise, it was unable to make up for the sky, and was later engraved with a magical mark by Taoist priests, which degenerated it into a mortal fetus and was brought into the world of mortals by children. It shows that jade is not the master of heaven and earth like the jade claimed by the ruling class in previous dynasties. (2) Advocate "the unity of man and jade". Everything about Baoyu in the book seems to be understood as Jia Baoyu himself. And some plots about Jia Baoyu seem to be talking about the history of "psychic". This directly reveals that the jade theory of the feudal ruling class is actually promoting the ruling class itself. (3) The experience of "channeling" and the robbing of stubborn stones not only symbolize Jia Baoyu's ideological character and the course of resistance, but also reflect the ups and downs of Jia Fu, which means the decline of feudal rule. (4) "Borrowing jade is not today". After experiencing a dream, the author concealed the truth and told this "stone" in a "psychic" way. The word "borrow" proves that "psychic" was not invented by the author, but originally existed in the world and was only borrowed for use. But the "psychic" borrowed from the book is quite different from the traditional jade theory. Jade has always been regarded as something that can ward off evil spirits and keep good luck forever, but the "psychic" in the book symbolizes destruction and extinction; The author's description that Jia Baoyu was born with jade is obviously against the objective law, which further shows that the destruction predicted by "psychic" is due to the violation of the objective law. Cao Xueqin used nature's preaching to shape characters, divination to predict plots, and a psychic Baoyu to symbolize the gentleness and wealth of the protagonist. However, in the end, it turned out to be a complete nonsense, with the opposite ending. It can't keep the hereditary brilliance of the Jia family, nor can it keep the centennial banquet of the feudal dynasty. The author skillfully applies the origin theory of jade in jade culture, and creates a dream from hard stone to Baoyu and then to hard stone, which runs through the plot of the book. In fact, it is a thorough criticism and ruthless ridicule of the traditional jade theory. 2. The praise and criticism of "psychic" is the embodiment of ideological and political struggle in feudal society. In A Dream of Red Mansions, all kinds of people regard an immortal Baoyu in Heng Chang as their destiny, as their jealousy, as their snobbery and disdain. For example, Jia Mu, the supreme ruler of Jiafu, once declared that "psychic Baoyu is the lifeblood of Jia Baoyu". When Baoyu lost it, he immediately offered a reward of 12,000 silver for finding Baoyu. In fact, Jia Mu not only regarded "psychic Baoyu" as the lifeblood of Jia Baoyu, but also regarded it as the lifeblood of Jia Fu and even the whole feudal society. King Jing offered a road sacrifice and asked to see Baoyu by name, claiming that "seeing for a long time will be quick" until he met, and even won a reputation for it. Later, a fake was specially made for Jia Baoyu to play with, which undoubtedly represented the worship of jade by a group of princes and ministers. People who admire jade mainly belong to the figures within the ruling class and belong to the psychic Baoyu of society.
In the upper class, the fate of these people is linked with the fate of the feudal dynasty. There are many people who belittle jade, including Jia Baoyu himself. He once scolded, "What's rare? People don't understand competition, and they say they are ineffective. I don't want this job either. " "I know this is not a good thing." "I already have a heart. What's the use of that jade? " Wait a minute. Yuanyang refused to marry. Before crying to the old lady, there was an earth-shattering saying: "In my life, don't say Baoyu, it's' Jinbao',' Yin Bao' and' Baodi'. If I don't marry, it's over." All these lashed the auspicious and authoritative Baoyu in order to resist and fight the feudal society. Cao Xueqin's love for jade itself can be felt in his works. This magnificent masterpiece itself is a "jade", and Cao Xueqin depicts a psychic treasure jade in a romantic way. This piece of jade is as big as a bird's egg, but it can be large or small, bright and clean, crisp and refreshing, and wrapped in five-color patterns, which is a typical feature of jade. Show the shape, color, quality and beauty of jade to the fullest. The protagonist of Jin Yu Yuan is Jia Baoyu, and the psychic treasure Yu Pei is in his body. He never forgets what he lost and never gives up. This is the lifeblood of Jia Baoyu. Another heroine is Lin Daiyu, who is also a jade. One is Liangyuan Xianpa, and the other is flawless jade, namely Lin Daiyu and Jia Baoyu. There is another very important person, Miao Yu, another piece of jade. In Cao Xueqin's judgment, he wrote that "jade belt hangs down the forest, gold hairpin buries snow", and "jade belt hangs down the forest", in turn, is Lin Daiyu who wrote the wonderful jade "jade quality is poor, and it will eventually fall into mud and grass", comparing it to jade quality. The men in Jia Fu's novels are all Baoyu's contemporaries, and they are all named after the characters beside the word Jade, such as Jia Lian, Jia Zhen, Jia Huan, Jia Rui, Jia Cong, Jia Ryukyu and so on. When the novel describes Jia Fu, it says: "Jia is not fake, just to be a horse." Other poems describing jade include "Zhuyu should be passed on to the prosperous times, and immortals can be lucky to get off the Yao platform", "Xiangrong Jingu wine, Yutang beauty" in "Phoenix" and "Xiuyu is sincere at the beginning, so it should be treated as a phoenix". In Lin Daiyu's poem, "throwing pearls and rolling jade only steals shirts, and the town has no leisure." In the sentence "Snow is the bones and muscles", Jia Baoyu has a saying that "the shadow is too empty when bathing, and the heart that holds jade is the soul", Xue Baochai has a saying that "when you are pale, you will know that flowers are more colorful, and when you are worried, you will get jade without trace", and Shi Xiangyun has a saying that "the immortal fell to the capital yesterday, and Lantian jade planted a pot". In Haitang Poetry Society, Bai Haitang is compared to jade's character, spirit and beauty. At the same time, it also reflects everyone's different thoughts, feelings and personality characteristics. Jade culture
4. It is an important and effective way to study A Dream of Red Mansions by studying the traditional jade culture in China and combining the author's description of the life and robbery of Baoyu in Tongling. Because A Dream of Red Mansions is profound and has great historical, literary and political value, many academic organizations have been established in the world, but most of the researchers in these organizations are scholars in literature, history, politics and social sciences, and few jade experts participate in this research. The author thinks that this may be the way to make new progress in redology [4].
Edit the origin of China jade.
White jade pendant
According to the research of archaeologists and historians, China jade was born in the early Neolithic Age of primitive society, with a history of seven or eight thousand years. Textual research on unearthed jade articles shows that Hemudu culture in Yuyao, Zhejiang Province, Hongshan Culture in Liaohe River Basin and the Yellow River era are all between 8,000 and 4,000 years ago. Since then, jade and steel products have been used together for about 1000 years, and jade has been popular for about 3000 years. China is the earliest and longest-lasting country to use jade in the world, and is known as the "Jade Country".
Edit this jade carving craft
It can be said that jade culture is mainly reflected in jade carving technology. There is an old saying: "Jade cannot be cut without cutting." . Any good piece of jade, after artificial carving, has been given new value and charm. Zhuo He said that the jade carving craft in China has a long history and is recognized by the world. As early as the primitive society, our ancestors used jade to make tools such as imaging trowels, spears, knives, axes and shovels and various jade carving decorations, such as the Neolithic site of Hemudu, Yuyao, Zhejiang Province, which was discovered in 1973. Among them, 28 pieces of jade materials and fluorite have been used to make pearls, tubes, beads and other decorations, which have a history of 7000 years. In the slave society, that is, the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, jade carving technology made new progress, with fine thinking and beautiful patterns, and new jade carving ornaments such as fish, turtles, birds, animal faces, rabbits and silkworms appeared. Common decorative patterns include black nightshade pattern, Panguo pattern, Yun Leiwen pattern, stolen Song pattern and checkered pattern. Especially the appearance of jade carving patterns at that time was a great leap in technical processing. The exquisite jade carving skills of the ancients fully reflected the jade culture.
Editing the road of jade culture development in this paragraph
The word "jade" originated from the oldest script in China, Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Zhong Dingwen in Shang Dynasty. Chinese characters have created nearly 500 words from jade, and there are countless words composed of jade. The treasures in Chinese characters are all related to jade. The word "treasure" handed down from later generations is a combination of "jade" and "home". Because "jade" is private, it shows the irreplaceable value in jade culture. The word "jade" is a beautiful and noble word in the eyes of the ancients. In ancient poems, jade is often used to compare and describe all beautiful people or things. For example, the words used to describe people with jade are jade capacity, jade face, jade girl, slim and graceful, etc. The words used in jade metaphor are jade food, jade food, Yuquan and so on. Idioms composed of jade include beautiful marriage, golden rule, beautiful pearls and jade, and so on. Folk legends and stories about jade, such as He Jiabi, Hong Men Banquet, Nong Yu playing the flute, and mending the goddess of heaven, have many people named their beloved children with jade, such as Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu, and how many years have passed since they got tired of reading a touching book? The ancients said: "Jade enters its country as a heavy weapon of the country, and enters its home as a treasure handed down from generation to generation". Xiuyan jade is produced in Xiuyan, Liaoning, China. Xiuyan County is a land with beautiful scenery, rich products and rich collectors. After thousands of years of natural evolution, it has condensed the essence of thousands of years of mountains and rivers, thus producing a world-famous national treasure-xiuyan jade. Jade is produced under the rich veins, and has absorbed the essence of heaven and earth and the aura of nature in the course of thousands of years, so it has great feng shui value besides collection value. Jade is a natural mineral, which is a very distinctive part of traditional Chinese medicine. It also has a long history and splendid jade culture in traditional culture. In recent years, Xiuyu handicrafts, health care products and various jade saunas, building plates and other products have been well recognized and sold in the domestic market, and have entered international markets such as South Korea, the United States, Japan and Poland.