Red Tuan Notes
In Mazu culture, Mazu sacrifice is a major content. One of the most important sacrifices in Mazu sacrifice is the "red ball". Zhaoran Mingde repays Heaven's kindness, and makes a red dumpling to offer sacrifices to Weixin. "Red Tuan" is a specialty delicacy in Putian. It is popular, full of joy, has a long history and has become popular. Heaven, gods, ancestors and people all like the joyful "red ball". "Red groups" are divided into two categories: "new year groups" and "wedding groups". One of the Mazu Festivals in spring. The deacon's eyes are full of spring during this trip, and the sandy grass warms the white gulls as they sleep. For spring festivals, "New Year Group" is generally used.
Putian Youshi has always made "red dumplings". Houpu Village, Xitianwei Town, Licheng District, Putian City, where the flutes and drums follow the Spring Society and the simple and ancient style of clothing remains, has always been the residence of the You family in Putian. The Putian You family spent nearly 300 years from the second year of Qianning, the reign of Duke Taichang of the Tang Dynasty, to the first year of Longxing, the governor of the Song Dynasty, in Luotang Fenglin next door to Houpu Village. "Red Tuan" is related to maple forest.
The fourth generation of the You clan in Putian was You Tuan, and his official residence was Taichang Qing of the Tang Dynasty, in charge of the Ministry of Rites. In the Tang Dynasty, Taichang Qing was one of the Nine Qings, a third-rank official. He presided over the emperor's sacrifice to heaven and the royal family's sacrifice to the mausoleum, was in charge of the Ministry of Etiquette, and established New Year customs. The New Year customs are related to "Heaven". According to "Li", details, such as making "red balls", reveal the meaning of kindness, moderation, seriousness and piety. There are many elements in ancient rituals to express respect for God and Mazu. Great respect. Mazu means in front of the temple, who is dependent on each other. All of this is of course Mazu culture.
"Red Tuan" sacrifice, "Ji Yun": "Tuan, powder bait." It also says: "Bait, powder cake." Red Tuan is also used to worship heaven and ancestors during the New Year. A banquet table was arranged in the temple, where people and gods enjoyed themselves. "On New Year's Eve, a few days before, each of them would feed their relatives and friends with animal sacrifices." Putian rice dumplings include red dumplings, also known as dumplings. During the Spring Festival, making red dumplings and sweet potato dumplings can be called making dumplings. The red ball is coated in red with auspicious Chinese characters and patterns printed on it, such as "福", "财定贵", "喜", twin children, etc., expressing wishes for a better life.
In Putian, early in the morning on the day of the wedding, after the coming-of-age ceremony (commonly known as "Shangtou"), "adult groups" will be divided among the relatives. The adult group is a big red group with the pattern "Two Children" on it, which means that the family is full of descendants. "Ritual": It has been crowned, and it means "to meet the local doctor and gentleman sincerely" to inform God that the new couple has grown up. "Sincerity" is a greeting gift, with red balls.
The Putian You clan has a relationship with "Hongtuan", Luotang, and Mazu. The relationship began in the Tang Dynasty and continued to develop in the Song Dynasty. New Year customs are related to "Heaven" and are based on "Li". In the Tang Dynasty, it was decided by Taichang Qing. The origin of "red dumpling" is related to the Cold Food Festival and New Year customs. Pear blossoms are eaten in the cold, and they only worry about the rest during the festival. During the Cold Food Festival, before Tomb Sweeping Day, it is necessary to visit the tombs of ancestors. Since I have nothing to stand for, I respectfully talk about my ancestors' virtues and enjoy the feast. The auspicious etiquette of the Cold Food Festival was compiled into the "Kaiyuan Rites" of the Tang Dynasty, "Below the prince, people worship the sweeper when eating cold food", and it became one of the auspicious etiquette recognized and advocated by the government.
The auspicious rituals of the Cold Food Festival later evolved into the general procedures of royal sacrifices to mausoleums, official sacrifices to Confucius, ancestors, common people to ancestors, and New Year customs. At that time, people of a family or clan worship their ancestors together, offering sacrifices, adding soil, hanging paper money, and then piercing some cold food with willow branches or knot needles, and placing them on a high place to imbibe the virtues of their ancestors. Cold food includes cold food porridge, cold food noodles, green dumplings, fine barley, etc.; drinks include spring wine, new tea, clear spring sweet water, etc.
The red dumpling is derived from the green dumpling in the cold food in the imperial mausoleum. In the second year of Qianning in Tang Dynasty, Taichang Qing of Tang Dynasty visited his father-in-law in Fenglin, spent his old age in peace and promoted "Red Group". Since then, Putian people often make solid red rice dumplings during Chinese New Year and festivals, when offering sacrifices to gods, ancestors or weddings, taking the connotations of "red" and "tuan".
There are three types of red dumplings: first, grind glutinous rice into fine powder, called "rice festival", dry it in the sun and set aside, add water and knead it together, add some food and red it into a rice dumpling skin. On the other hand, knead the rice dough evenly with flour and brush it red when steamed, it will also become a red rice dough skin. Its fillings are mostly sweet or salty, and are made of glutinous rice with chopped green onion, mushrooms, dried shrimps, peanuts, shredded pork and other seasonings. The sweet one is filled with mung beans, with brown sugar and a little fennel added, giving it a unique local flavor. There is also a kind of stuffing with dried sweet potato shreds ground into fine pieces.
The red dumplings are stamped with wooden stamps. When making them, the housewives gather around the "Original Dali", and the process is standardized and they cooperate with each other tacitly. Red dumplings have a wide range of uses. There are many "making rice dumplings" during the Chinese New Year, which is full of joy and is particularly popular. "Being a New Year's Group" has connotation and poetry. The remaining wax is gone again, and the east wind should gradually be heard. One night is still a few hours, and two years old wants to be divided equally. When the darkness falls, we fight, and when the spring blossoms, the fragrance blooms. In the Ming Dynasty, I hold wine from afar and wish Yaojun together first.
"Zuo Sui" means offering sacrifices to heaven; in Putian, "Zuo Sui" is the biggest festival.
"Sui Tuan" originated from the Tang Dynasty. As the year progresses and the twilight ends, we offer festivals to bring forth new beauty. Winter is coming to an end tonight, and the new year is coming and the sun is getting longer. The ice disappears and the water appears in the mirror, and the plum blossoms disperse into the fragrance. This is the end of the feast, and the pot is poured out to wait for the dawn. Li Shimin's "Zui Sui" poem has been circulated in Putian. Li Shimin described the New Year's Eve scene from the emperor's perspective, grand and luxurious, the true character of the Tian family.
"Red groups" are divided into two categories: "New Year groups" and "Wedding groups". Mazu sacrifices generally use the "New Year Group". “New Year groups” are the mainstream, and “wedding groups” are also common. Marriage, that is, "worshiping heaven and earth", is also a must. A poem describes the scene of a newlywed couple staying up late together, sipping wine and talking about love. When the joy and passion are not over, don’t stop drinking when you are rewarded. I love peaches in wine, and find fennel in palm trees. The curtain opens and the wind enters the account, and the candle burns out its charcoal and turns to ashes. Don't doubt that your hair and hair are heavy, waiting to be destroyed by the dawn light. There are red balls inside.
When making red rice dumplings for weddings, Putian is commonly known as "adult rice dumplings" and "wedding dumplings." The auspicious banquet is held, the wine is drunk, the phoenix and the luan are soaring in the tower of the Chinese country, confirming that we are in the Qi Pavilion, and we are smiling and kissing the orchid room. Adult rice dumplings should be distributed to relatives and friends. They should be large and have special "twin children" impressions to take the sign of early birth of a child. The "chicken banana leaves" on the backing cannot be cut, and the two must be connected together to form a pair. The meaning of growing old together for a hundred years. The lotus is open and pedunculated, and the knot is in the same center. It is a wonderful year for a newlywed, and relatives and friends are vying for a good marriage.
Getting married means "worshiping heaven and earth". By using the "wedding group" to worship heaven, the newlyweds can receive God's blessings. Red rice dumplings are a special folk gift in Putian, and are also used in the New Mazu Festival. "Hongtuan", You Tuan, Taichang Qing of the Tang Dynasty, spent his old age peacefully in Fenglin after his retirement. After the rain, the stream flowed across the embankment and he watched the village boy Xie Wanqing. The famous article "The Story of Youshi's Lychee Forest" records: "To the east of Zixiao in the north of Pucheng is Fenglin Street, where the Youshi family gathers. On the left is the stream of Shoushui, on the right is the surrounding ancient bag, and in the south is the Hushan Mountain. The beautiful scenery lies on the north side of the sea. "
In Fenglin, the Qingjiang River hugs the village, and the Changxia River is quiet. In ancient times, there was Fenglin Street, and the post road passed through it and passed Guantang Bridge. Yougong Bridge and Yanshou Bridge in Houzhuo River connected the city. Fenglin is a geomantic treasure, which can be called Phoenix Cave. The head of the phoenix is ??on the stern of the Weiyang stone boat, its body is on Fuping Mountain, its two wings are in the weir house and the stone mountain behind Fenglin Palace, flying towards the purple sky. Fenglin is a phoenix cave. In the Tang Dynasty, people with the surname Lin Lin Pi, followed by people surnamed You and then Yu Buzheng, chose to live here. In the Tang Dynasty, the surname was Lin Pi. He was the ancestor of Jiumu Lin. Later generations became a god and became the queen of heaven, Mazu. Fenglin is the phoenix cave, and "phoenix" should be Mazu.
Fenglin, Fenglin, known as Beiluo Village in ancient times, is the Fenglin Natural Village on the north side of Xitianwei Town, Putian City, Fujian Province and at the southern foot of Zixiao Mountain. In Beiluo Village, there is a large pond, commonly known as "Luotang". Because Beiluo Village is located in the north of Luotang, hence its name. Luotang is a shallow grassland that was later reclaimed and planted. Since the spring of 1998, I have devoted myself wholeheartedly to becoming a new Mazu in the party school in my spare time. The new Mazu has four "snails". Mazu’s roots are in Beiluo. Mazu’s birthplace, Huangluo. Eight-part chant for Mazu sacrifice, tower style. Mazu fan, Mazu series of brochures, Haluo brand.
In Beiluo Village, Fenglin, there is a very famous story of "Red Group", that is, "Red Group Gives Goodwill". "Red balls give charity", also known as pink balls to give to others. In the Tang Dynasty, the ancestor of the Lin family in Beiluo Village had an old mother who loved charity all her life and often made dough balls to give to others. Many poor people came to ask for rice balls for food. Mrs. Lin worked tirelessly and showed no signs of slacking off. This deed moved God.
There was a man who had achieved Taoism. He came here in the form of a beggar every day, asking for six or seven balls of food each time. This expert knows this and his heart is sincere. Of course, the goodness of rice dumplings is limited, but Mrs. Lin’s sincerity and untiring devotion are a field of immeasurable blessing. Therefore, this expert said a few words, "How can I repay you for eating your rice dumplings for three years? There is a place behind your house to bury him. His descendants will be as high as one liter of pockmarked seeds." His descendants followed the instructions and buried him. . This was the beginning of the miracle of the "Jiu Mu Lin Family", and gradually there was a rumor that "there will be no list in Putian without forest". Mazu is a descendant of the "Jiu Mu Lin Family".