1945 65438+February 22, the moon is dark and windy, and five fingers are hard to see. At the foot of Changrui Mountain, it was deafening, and a new battle with swords and shadows started in the jingle of Emperor Kangxi. More than 300 pairs of evil hands reached the Jingling underground palace, dragging the bones and exposing the bodies to Emperor Kangxi. After three days and nights of "fierce fighting", I finally won the "bunker" of Jingling Underground Palace and found several pockets of treasure. Wang Zihao said quietly, "The tombs we dug are more valuable than those of Cixi and Qianlong!" Zhang is also very happy with his loyalty: "There are more good things than Sun Dianying!" Wang Yi and his gang turned out to be bandits, hooligans and grave robbers. Cadres are insatiable, and the signs they play are "helping the poor" and "distributing according to shares", but they direct one ugly drama after another to divide the spoils and fight. Zhang is loyal and heartless, and insists on dividing Dingling and Jingling, the treasure of the small Dongling. It is very close to his home. Once a fight is fought, there is a way out. Faced with many treasures, people made a mess with me, and finally defeated the * * * on the eaves of Xiao Dongling Temple with marksmanship to decide whether the treasures would win or lose. In addition, and Wang also set a trap, arranged manpower in advance, and people pretending to be the enemy's Ministry of Industry in the military region came to knock on the door for questioning when they heard the gunshot, and the captain Zhang came forward to deal with the past. In the end, Wang and nature got the most treasure. Good things never leave the village, and bad things clamor. "Want to get rich, want to rob the tomb, and get rich overnight." This unhealthy trend soon spread to the neighbors around the mausoleum. When people who are idle and idle at ordinary times have embarked on this road of robbing tombs to make money. In the eighth district, Zhao led more than 65,438 district teams and militiamen to steal the imperial concubine's mausoleum in Jingling Palace overnight. Guan Huizeng and Jia Zhengguo dug up Mu Shuxuan, the tomb of Kangxi's double imperial concubine, and Jia dug up the tomb of the imperial concubine in the bedroom of Jade Cemetery. Wang and his son sneaked into Yuling and even stole two concubines' tombs ... There were 14 tombs in the whole Qing tomb, and almost all the tombs of 157 people were spared. Ancient imperial tombs-a symbol of wealth
1928 during the robbery of Dongling in July, the ground buildings in Jingling were incomplete and some wooden pieces were stolen. According to the memory of Zaize, the imperial clan who was later responsible for the reburial, the clouds around the small stele pavilion in Jingling lost three pieces of ceiling, the kitchen doors and windows lost, the purlin column lost, the doors and windows of the east and west rooms lost completely, the wooden frames of the east and west rooms lost completely, the walls collapsed, the plaque of Long 'en Gate lost, and the doornails lost completely. Nevertheless, due to the simple folk customs at that time, there was no major case of digging coffins and carrying corpses like Cixi and Gan Long in Jingling Underground Palace. But by the time Japan surrendered in 1945, the country was already on the eve of the war and the situation was turbulent. Dongling bandits, who have been silent for many years, are active again. In this way, Jingling underground palace collapsed. 1August, 945, a local bandit brought many people to Jingling, demolished many bricks in the mausoleum, and failed to get in. So many people were sent to stand guard, and smart people were allowed to dig all night before entering the underground palace. Because it is in rainy season, there is a lot of water in the underground palace. When the bandits came to Golden Ticket, they saw many coffins. When the thief was eager to split the coffin with an axe, there was a sudden fire in the coffin, killing two people on the spot and scaring the gangsters to flee. After a while, there was no silence, and the bandits re-entered the underground palace. There are many treasures stolen from Jingling, the most famous of which is the "Jiulong Jade Cup", a martyr of Emperor Kangxi. Kowloon Jade Cup, jade, rectangular, 3 cm high, 4 cm wide and 6 cm long, with lid. There are two dragons playing with pearls in each corner of the Jade Cup, and there are ***8 dragons. The handle is 1 dragon, a total of 9 dragons. As long as you fill this precious glass, you can see nine overturned dragons from it, as if chasing and playing in the churning sea. According to legend, during the reign of Kangxi, Yang had stolen the Kowloon Jade Cup three times and failed. After the death of Emperor Kangxi, he brought this precious wine glass into the coffin. These treasures later fell into the hands of a local grave robber named Tian, who reached an agreement with his accomplices before robbing the tomb. After many efforts, the grave robbers handed over the Kowloon Jade Cup. However, with the passage of time, the Kowloon Jade Cup has disappeared. After the theft of Jingling, because the entrance to the underground palace was not sealed and nobody managed it, it was "swept away" many times in the future, and precious cultural relics disappeared. In order to crack down on grave robbers and deter crimes, * * * attached great importance to this grave robber incident and sent special cadres to handle the case. Those criminals who robbed the tomb were arrested one after another. Among them, six recidivists were taken to Jingling Monument and shot. Although these criminals have been brought to justice, those precious cultural relics are scattered all over the country ... 2. Emperor Qianlong and Sun Dianying in Yuling are stealing Cixi's mausoleum, and other soldiers are also robbing Emperor Qianlong's Yuling. This is where the strange things begin ... who is blocking the door! After the grave robbers successfully opened several doors in front of the Qianlong Imperial Tomb, the last door couldn't be opened, and it didn't help to smash the door with thick trunks. The soldier was in a hurry and had to blow it up. After the Shimen explosion, the soldiers were surprised to find a great miracle. There are six people buried in Yuling, including Gan Long, Empress Xiao Xianchun and Imperial concubine of Zhejiang and Fujian emperors. The other five coffins were placed on the stone bed, and only Gan Long "walked" down and held on to the stone gate so that the soldiers could not open the door. What the soldiers can't understand is that the heavy coffin of Qianlong was placed behind the underground stone bed. In order to determine the feng shui line and mark the most prosperous position in Long Mai, four heavy dragon stones were placed at the four corners of the coffin. These four dragon stones firmly fixed Gan Long's heavy coffin. Why did Gan Long's coffin "walk" down alone? Some experts believe that this is the buoyancy of groundwater leaking into the underground palace that causes the coffin to float. But ... why don't the other five move? After Yuling was stolen, the collector named E799BE5BAA6E79FA5E98193E59E7A943133333732 described the horror he saw when he entered the underground palace of Qianlong ... "I went into the underground palace with a lamp and saw several white bones floating in the mud, and I couldn't tell whether it was a man or a woman." A woman corpse with clean hands! Later generations gathered the bones again and found that there were only four skulls left among the six bones in the tomb, and all the bones were broken. In a coffin pressed under the stone door, people gathered again found a skull, which was judged to be a dry skull because of its large skeleton. After finding Gan Long's skull, only one skull was not found. Everyone in the coffin looked everywhere, but there was no sign. It is speculated that it may have been brought out of the underground palace by grave robbers. Just when people were ready to give up looking, something amazing happened! A complete female corpse emerged in the deep water in the northwest corner of the underground palace, which was amazing. It is inferred that this female corpse should be the filial piety queen. After her death, she was made a filial piety queen and was the biological mother of Emperor Jiaqing. Empress Xiao was also in the same underground palace before Ganlong died. Why are her bones so intact? The old people are confused. The doubts in the hearts of the old people have not yet been solved, and another problem is bothering them, that is, how to identify the scattered bones? After several days of discussion, it was finally decided to bury a coffin together, creating the only special case of the emperor and queen being buried together since the Qing Dynasty. After the bodies of Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Qianlong were reburied, people covered the broken coffins, closed the stone gates, and then completely closed the tunnels. It was not until the 1970s and 1980s that these two underground palaces were opened and cleaned again. But the same strange thing happened again at 1975! When archaeologists cleaned up the underground palace of Qianlong Imperial Tomb, Qianlong's coffin "walked" down again this time. It stands against the stone gate and acts as a natural stone, making it impossible for people to enter the Yuling underground palace smoothly. During the period of 1984, the Qing Dongling Cultural Relics Management Office sorted out two tombs, Ganlong and Cixi. The results of coffin opening verified the record of the survivors' death again in Qing Dynasty. 3. Emperor Xianfeng, Dingling stole Jingling last time, but this time it was commanded by Huang Jinzhong alone. According to the division of labor in advance, the king was ordered to rob the tomb of Hehe. Because they don't know much about the building structure of Guling, and their command is wrong, the progress is slow and they are in a hurry. After several days of excavation, they finally opened the Dingling underground palace, but at the same time, they heard someone shouting, "Oh, no, there is poisonous gas in the underground palace!" " "With a scream, people who just opened the entrance to the underground palace stepped down like a flood. People gradually calmed down after the musty smell gradually dispersed. At this time, Huang Zhong ordered his men to enter the underground palace at all costs and blast the Shimen! Just then, a young leader who participated in the theft of Dingling reported a very bad news to Huang Jinzhong: There was water in the underground palace of Dingling! Huang Zhong was surprised and annoyed. He thought that he could easily get the treasure by blasting the stone gate and splitting the coffin, but he found that the underground palace was flooded. However, as the saying goes, the devil is a foot high, and thieves also have a way. The underground water has not stopped thieves. In order to get the treasures of the underground palace smoothly, the thieves turned to the top of the incense table of Longen Temple and got a big plaque. Plus two rosewood door panels, tied together to make a bamboo chop. An hour later, the fugitives sat on the "boat" and rowed into the coffins of Xianfeng and Zhenzi. 4. Emperor Tongzhi, a bandit from Wang, led the bandits to open the door of the underground palace behind the Emperor Tongzhi and dragged the body out of the split coffin, only to find that the Emperor Tongzhi, who had fallen for a lifetime, had only a handful of dead bones left. The robbers took all the gold, silver and jewels and left. After some efforts, * * * captured more than 300 bandits, including six gang leaders who committed the most heinous crimes, and took them to Jingling Monument for public execution. Regrettably, Wang, the biggest gangster who robbed the tomb, escaped and was not captured and killed by the local public security department until five years later. According to the * * published on April 22nd in the thirty-fifth year of the Republic of China (1946), "In December of the thirty-fourth year, the Qing tombs were stolen. First, there are two coffins in Huiling. A companion, a concubine, looks like life. There is Tongzhi Cuiyin 1 table and gold watch 1 block in front of the golden coffin. Jewelry, jade, metal and other products inside and outside the coffin are packed in sacks and then measured with a censer. Gold is about 20 kilograms. " According to1North China Daily on May 29th, 935, "The confession of Huiling Thief is abbreviated as: 1934 1 1 month. Under the command of the commander, he recruited civilian workers to dig Hui Ling and blasted the stone gate with explosives. There are four shelves on the first floor, one on each side. On the one hand, there are the emperor's seal and the queen's seal, on the other hand, there are books and printing plates. There is nothing on the second and third floors. There are two coffins on the fourth floor. Split it with an axe and hammer, and take out a half-catty ink bottle, a four-liang gold bagua palm, an American gift gold watch with white beads on all sides that can be used for half a year, two strings of white beads on each side, two strings of twenty-four white beads, a green finger, a golden brazier and a green smoking bag from the imperial coffin. Take out a rockhopper, a pair of white jade bracelets and gold bracelets, a string of jadeite, pearls, agate and wooden beads, a nine-ring chain weighing three taels of gold, a phoenix hairpin, an agate fingerboard, a gold-inlaid white bead ring, a jade brand and a jade hairpin. Other odds and ends cannot be counted. "After Hui Ling was stolen, because Dongling was left unattended at that time, it was not until 1952 that the Qing Dongling set up a cultural relics depository that the theft was stopped. Because this hole has not been blocked for a long time, many locals have visited this underground palace. According to local legend, the queen in the underground palace of Hui Ling refers to the body of Queen Alut, which has not rotted at all and looks like life. She was stripped naked, her stomach was cut open and her intestines spilled all over the floor. It is widely rumored in society that the queen swallowed gold and died. In order to get gold, they rolled her intestines from beginning to end. Guang Yun, who was the director of Jixian Public Security Bureau and investigated and handled the "1945 incident", wrote an article about the situation after several Qingling tombs were stolen. The following is what he learned in Hui Ling: "At that time, Jingling and Huiling were both stolen. I went to Jingling first, and found water and stones at the mouth of the cave, but there was none. Emperor Tongzhi is on the right, only a handful of bones and clothes are gone. The queen's body did not rot, with long hair and stripped naked. She leaned down and lay in the coffin, with some yellow silk fragments in front of it. When we come out, let the local militia and cadres block the hole. After two or three days, the militia and cadres came to report that the queen (Queen Aru) was pulled out of the coffin, her abdomen was cut open, and the gold was taken out of her intestines. It is said that the queen swallowed gold before her death. "5. Emperor Guangxu, chongling chongling is the tomb of Guangxu, the ninth emperor of the Qing Dynasty. It is the last mausoleum in China, and the only one in the four tombs of Xiling that is open to the outside world. 1938 autumn, a group of unidentified soldiers robbed the underground palace in chongling. Legend has it that the theft of chongling was committed by people who had participated in construction projects in those years. Others say it was done by local gangs. Who robbed the underground palace in chongling? We visited a local old man who knew the inside story. He said that in the autumn of 1938, the Japanese army had occupied Yixian at the time of chaos. As the imperial tomb, Xiling lost the majestic Eight Banners guards in the past, and set up a police force composed of descendants of the royal family and the Japanese. In name, it was guarding the tomb, but in fact it was working for the Japanese and cracking down on * * *. At that time, there was a young man near Xiling who was determined to resist Japan and save the country, but he didn't understand * * *, and he didn't want to go to * * *, let alone * * *. He found some relatives and friends in the neighboring village and prepared to form a team to resist Japan, but he didn't have a gun in his hand. What should I do? Several people decided to rob Zhen Fei's tomb. The next night, when they went to the tomb of Princess Zhen, they saw about a battalion of soldiers rushing to chongling. On the way out of chongling the next morning, they saw the traces left by grave robbers-brocade cloth and other trivial things. Chongling was stolen. Who are those teams? It's still a mystery. According to the excavation data, the grave robbers pried open the brick from the front of the inner wall of Fangcheng Crescent City, cut open the city brick cast by underground putty and dug a deep hole. The stolen cave is 99 cm high and 146 cm wide, and the depth of the cave is 23 cm below the bottom wall of the tomb. It passes through the bottom of the door-sealing wall, then digs up the tickets to enter the underground tunnel, and then pries open the top stone of each stone gate with Chinese fir sawdust to enter the golden tickets. When excavating in 1980, it was found that there were traces of grave robbers prying the door with tools on the stone gate of the underground palace, and all four stone gates were opened by the east gate. In the tomb, the front of Emperor Guangxu's coffin was chiseled with a hammer and axe, and Emperor Guangxu's feet were dragged out of the coffin. The remains are rotted, the bones are still integrated, and the clothes worn on the body are rotted, leaving only two braids, no shoes on the feet and no crown on the head. All the ornaments worn on the body and all the funerary objects in the coffin were stolen, except a jade collar and two jade pieces on the left hand. Queen Yulong's coffin was badly damaged. Yulong's body and clothes were rotten, only some bones were exposed, and almost all decorations and funerary objects were stolen. When I was cleaning the underground palace, I found a small wallet under Yulong's right rib, which contained more than 200 various pearls and a piece of jade in my hand. Guangxu's coffin contains thirteen layers of five-color woven gold, Sanskrit, Dalagni satin and various colored woven golden dragon colored satin. Part of the Sanskrit on the tent is well preserved, and the words are Tibetan spells that have been identified by experts. Yulong's coffin has three layers of tents, woven from purple and golden Sanskrit. Both coffins are made of precious nanmu, with an outer coffin and an inner coffin. The coffin is placed in the coffin, and the four walls of the coffin are written in Sanskrit. Emperor Guangxu's coffin and coffin were cut open by grave robbers with hammers and axes. The head of the deceased was facing north, and the stolen hole was on the coffin board at the foot of the deceased. The hole in the coffin is 1. 10 m long and 85 cm high. 6. Finally, the tomb of Cixi was stolen. Was the Kangxi Tomb of the Qing Dongling stolen? One is the Qing Dongling and the other is the Qing Xiling.
Dongling was buried in Shunzhi, Kangxi, Qianlong and Xianfeng, while Xiling in Tongzhi was buried in Yongzheng, Jiaqing, Daoguang, Guangxu and Xuan Tong. The famous tombs in Dongling are mainly the tombs of Kangxi, Qianlong and Cixi. The tombs of Guangxu and Zhenfei, which were stolen in Xiling, were all stolen, but Sun Dianying only stole two of them. The Qing Dongling Mausoleum in Hebei Province is the royal cemetery of the Qing Dynasty, where hundreds of Manchu royalty are buried, and it is also the largest existing royal mausoleum complex in China. As we all know, there have been two large-scale excavations in the tomb of Dongqing. The first time was 1928. At that time, Sun Dianying used military exercises and bandits as an excuse to rob the tombs of Qianlong and Cixi (the defenders of Dongqing at that time had to choose to become an outlaw in order to survive).
Although Sun Dianying only stole two mausoleums at that time, which shocked the whole of China, in fact, the tomb robbery in Sun Dianying was dwarfed by the two thieves in the Qing Dynasty, because E799BE5BAA6E97AEE74E988E69D8333133137365438.
Wang was one of the leaders of the second theft in Dongling, Qing Dynasty. Before Sun Dianying plundered the Qing Tomb, Wang was only the leader of a gang of bandits near the Qing Tomb. Later, when these bandits were wiped out by Sun Dianying, Wang retreated to Xinli Village on the west side of Qing Dongling and became a cotton player.
In 945, Japan was defeated and surrendered, and the Qing Dongling once again lost its protection (at that time, Puyi set up a special police station to protect it). At this time, Wang saw the opportunity. He wooed the guards of the Qing Dongling at that time (the guards were weak) and several small officials in nearby villages, and then took dozens of nearby villagers to rob Dingling and Xiaodongling.
Later, there were rumors about Wang and others robbing the tomb. To this end, Wang and others used heavy money to drag (then the head of the enemy work department of Jidong Military Region 15 Division) into the water.
After the downfall, the grave-robbing activities of Wang and others became more rampant. According to the investigation afterwards, the tomb of 1 1 in the Qing tombs was stolen, and at least thousands of villagers nearby participated in the grave robbery. Everyone gets at least one or two treasures, while Wang, Zhou and other leaders get more treasures.
In the end, Wang, Wang, Wang and others were brought to justice one after another. Because most of the cultural relics they stole were sold, few cultural relics were recovered, but they were all national treasures.
After the five-foot Longquan sword of Emperor Qianlong was stolen in the Qing Dongling, who actually fell into the hands? Qianlong's Longquan sword was stolen from Dongling by Sun Dianying, commander of the National Revolutionary Army. The commander is very evil. When he watched the fall of the Qing Dynasty, he thought of killing people. Longquan sword experienced four owners after it was stolen. In the end, only the blade was left in an air crash, and then the whereabouts were unknown. Some people say it was thrown into Dai Li's tomb, but it is impossible to think about it carefully. The biggest possibility is that it was privately collected by an invisible rich man. These rich people are unwilling to disclose the news of the sword, which is impossible for ordinary people to know.
Five-foot Longquan sword is a sword that Emperor Qianlong carried with him. The hilt of this sword is much longer than the ordinary sword, and nine golden dragons are carved on it. The sword is also inlaid with various gems, each of which is priceless. This Longquan sword is so sharp that the hair can be cut off immediately when placed on it. This sword is a tribute from Xinjiang tribe to Ganlong. After Qianlong accepted it, he loved it very much and named it Longquan Sword. After his death, he specially asked his descendants-E799BE5BAA6E997AEE94E58685E5AEB931333438+0366432-to send this sword to the mausoleum.
After Sun Dianying stole Dongling, he got a lot of treasures. Few people thought he was robbing a tomb, but it was not long before he was stabbed out. Sun Dianying used these treasures to bribe officials. He wanted to give this sword to Chiang Kai-shek, so he entrusted Dai Li to keep it. Although Dai Li was jealous, he knew that he couldn't eat, so he asked his confidant Ma Hansan to give it to Chiang Kai-shek. Who knows that Ma Hansan is too greedy to sell his sword to Puyi's royal family? Unfortunately, it was caught by the Japanese, and the sword fell into the hands of Kawashima Yoshiko. Later, in order to save her life, Kawashima Yoshiko gave the sword to Ma Hansan, hoping to save her own life.
When the sword returned to Ma Hansan, it was given to Dai Li. Dai Li wanted to give the sword to Chiang Kai-shek himself, so he got on the plane and flew to the headmaster. Who knows that Ma Hansan planted a bomb on his plane, and Dai Li died in an air crash. When the sword was found, only the blade was left.
There is also a saying that when Dai Li was buried, someone threw the Longquan sword broken in two into Dai Li's tomb and sealed it with more than ten tons of cement, but this statement obviously doesn't make sense. Everyone should know about such a precious sword, not to mention the person who is mixed with Dai Li, so this sword is probably hidden.
What tombs were stolen from the Qing tombs? Apart from Cixi and Qianlong, the Dongling Mausoleum in Qing Dynasty is one of the three royal mausoleums. Qing Dongling is located at the southern foot of Changrui Mountain in Xibaibei, zunhua city. From 16 1 (18th year of Qing Shunzhi), the construction of Xiaoling Mausoleum was started, and from 1908, the construction of Dongling in Putuo Valley was completed. It lasted nearly two and a half centuries. During this period, five emperors' tombs, four queens' tombs, five princesses' gardens and 1 princesses' gardens were built successively. There are five emperors buried in tomb 15. (the first the emperor shunzhi, the second Emperor Kangxi, the fourth Emperor Qianlong, the seventh Emperor Xianfeng and the eighth Emperor Tongzhi), 15 Empress, 136 Concubine, 3 Princes, 2 Princesses, * * *16/kloc- There are 580 single buildings with the total length of Shinto 14500m, and the cemetery covers an area of 78 square kilometers.
The Xiaoling Mausoleum in Shunzhi is the only tomb in the eastern Qing Dynasty that has not been stolen. The whole interior area of the mausoleum is centered on the emperor shunzhi's mausoleum-Xiaoling Mausoleum, and other mausoleums are on both sides in turn. On the east side are the Xiaoling Mausoleum of Queen Shunzhi and the Jingling Mausoleum of Emperor Kangxi. On the west side are the Yuling of Emperor Qianlong and Yufei Garden, Dingling of Emperor Xianfeng and Ding Dong Mausoleum of Queen Xianfeng. In addition, in the southeast, there is Rong Zhi Emperor Hui Ling. On the east side of Dahongmen, there is the tomb of Zhao Qianling. All the 15 mausoleums in the east of Qing Dynasty were stolen, but only two were stolen by Sun Dianying. Who stole the remaining 13? There are 15 cemeteries in Tangshan, Hebei Province, which is the largest existing imperial mausoleum complex in China. Unfortunately, the tomb was looted three times before and after. Sun Dianying, a famous thief in Dongling, was also involved. He stole two of the richest tombs: the Yuling of Emperor Qianlong and the Dingling of Empress Dowager Cixi. And who stole the remaining 13 tomb?
Everyone thinks that the thief of Dongling is Sun Dianying. Although it is contemptuous of Sun Dianying to do so, the world has put all the charges of stealing Dongling on him, which is actually wrong.
In fact, two of the fifteen tombs in Sun Dianying were stolen, but why didn't the remaining thirteen grave robbers have the good reputation of Sun Dianying?
At the beginning of the grave robbery, Sun Dianying had a hard time finding the entrance. After many hardships, he came to the tomb of Qianlong. Palace E799BE5BAA6E4B 893E5B19E31333433333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333, all the people were fascinated by the gorgeous appearance. As long as it is an item, they will take it away. Later, I came to the underground palace of Cixi, but the entrance was so strong that Sun Dianying had to bomb it. Cixi, who was in power in the late Qing Dynasty, lived a luxurious life and was buried with countless treasures. The most famous is the Pearl of the Night in Cixi's mouth, and all the treasures in Cixi's mausoleum have been stolen. The robbery lasted seven days and seven nights. At that time, Sun Dianying also recruited 30 carts in the county. The function of these cars is, of course, to transport these treasures.
1945 is a grand day for the Chinese nation, because in this year, the people of China drove the Japanese invaders back to their hometown, but another great event happened in this year, that is, the Qing Dongling was stolen for the second time. The incident was led by Zhang Dezhong, Minister of Industry of the enemy country, who robbed nearly 1000 people. Zhang devoted himself to demolishing all these ancient hard stone gates and hidden weapons, and easily blasted the mausoleum layer by layer with explosives. Zhang's professionalism is very clever. Every time he digs a tomb in the Qing Dongling, he puts a goose in it. If he doesn't come out for a long time, it means there is poison gas in it. In ten and a half days, he will start to rob the tomb, so he will use his brain to rob the tomb.
Today, many stolen treasures and grave robbers are still missing.
I hope the above answers can help everyone. If you are satisfied, please accept them. Thank you.
Reason (2) Thief (1)