Introduction to Bayu Culture: 1 Practice Reference Answer
Fill in the blanks
1, ancient history evolution 2, Ba culture, Qin and Han dynasties 3, Bayu dancing in Chongqing 4, 200+5, Longgupo 6, Fengdu 27,000, funeral utensils 8, Fuling 9, Fuwushan 10,1,Yun. Liu Yuxi13,470,450 8.214, furnace complex 15, 1937 16, fog season show17,777 18.
Second, multiple-choice questions:
1、A 2、B 3、B 4、C 5、A 6、C 7、B 8、B 9、B 10、D
Third, multiple-choice questions:
1、ABCD 2、ABCD 3、ABCD 4、ABCD 5、ABC
Fourth, short answer questions:
1. Briefly describe the ancient human remains in Bayu area. P6-8
A: First of all, ancient cultural relics:
As early as more than 2 million years ago, there were traces of human activities in Wushan area of the Three Gorges reservoir area. In the mid-1980s, an ancient human fossil "Homo erectus subspecies Wushan" called Wushan Ape was unearthed in Longgupo, Wushan County.
Fengjie Xinglong Cave Fengjie people 1.4 million years ago have developed the ability of modern human thinking.
Second, the Paleolithic and Neolithic cultural remains of Bayu:
① In June, 2003, 5438+065438+ 10, the' Hechuan people' 80,000 years ago were found in Jialing River Basin. Archaeologists have discovered a batch of Paleolithic stone products more than 80,000 years ago, which are the "weapons" that our ancestors stubbornly survived when hunting wild animals.
(2) In the middle and late last century, archaeologists excavated paleolithic sites 10,000 years ago in Fengdu, and also discovered paleolithic sites 20,000 years ago in Tongliang, Jiangjin, Hechuan and Dadukou counties. We also found the sites in the middle paleolithic period-Jingshuiwan, Jia Ran Road, Gaojia Town, Zaoziping and Fanjiahe in Fengdu County, as well as the lotus pond in fengjie county, Dadiping in Yunyang County and Wuyang in Zhongxian County, which can show the cultural characteristics of the late Paleolithic period.
2. Briefly describe the "Fog Season Performance" in Chongqing during the Anti-Japanese War. P49
A: ① Drama is the most distinctive art form in the capital culture. From June 194 1 10 to June 1944, the Federation of Literary and Art Circles, together with all the dramatists in Chongqing, held the "Fog Season Show" which shocked China and foreign countries for three consecutive years.
2 194 1 year 10 to 1942 performed the first fog season drama in May. The operas participating in the performance included drama, Sichuan opera, Yue opera, Pingju opera and Quyi. The operas participating in the performance include China Dramatic Art Society, Viva China Theatre, Central Youth Theatre Society, Children's Theatre Society, China Central Radio Station, CLP Theatre, China Experimental Theatre, Experimental Theatre of the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee, Yucai School Theatre of China Art Theatre, Chaoyang University Theatre Society, National Theatre Alumni Theatre, China Bank Amateur Theatre, Yue Theatre and Sichuan Theatre. They have performed 29 large-scale plays, such as Spring and Autumn in the Kingdom.
(3) After the fog season, the two performances were also unprecedented, and * * * performed more than 40 large-scale dramas. The three performances of the play in the foggy season are purely feats in the history of modern drama at home and abroad and are of great significance. It was a great review and mobilization of Chongqing Anti-Japanese War drama and even the whole literary and art circles, which greatly promoted the development of the anti-Japanese war culture and greatly inspired the determination and courage of the people of China to fight bravely.
3. The spiritual characteristics of Hongyan. P55-59
A: ① lofty ideological realm. ② Rebellious spirit and firm ideals and beliefs that are not afraid of rape and sacrifice. (3) Personality is powerful. (4) Awesome revolutionary integrity, awe-inspiring righteousness to die for the truth.
Fourth, analysis questions
On War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's Cultural Spirit (P53-55)
A: ① The anti-Japanese war culture has the fighting spirit of perseverance and fear of sacrifice. ② The anti-Japanese war culture has the spirit of openness and tolerance. ③ The capital culture has the enterprising spirit of unity, friendship and optimism. ④ Capital culture has the spirit of popularization and internationalization.
Reference answer for the second assignment of Introduction to Bayu Culture
Fill in the blanks
1, East Yangtze River 2, 3/4 3, West East 4, Karst 5, Northeast Tujia Autonomous County 6, Bawu Gorge Cuidi Gorge 7, Li Qian Gallery 8, Longmen Gorge Bawu Gorge Cuidi Gorge 9, General Cemetery Lotus Pond 10, Zhao Zhifeng Buddhist tantric Dojo 16, General/kloc-0.
Second, multiple choice questions
1、A 2、A 3、A 4、D 5、B 6、C 7、C 8、C 9
Third, multiple choices.
1、ACD 2、BCD 3、ACD 4、ABCD 5、ACD 6、ABC 7、ABCD 8、ABD 9、ABC 10、AB
Fourth, short answer questions
1. Briefly describe the remains of paleolithic culture in Bayu area.
① In June, 2003, 5438+065438+ 10, the' Hechuan people' 80,000 years ago were found in Jialing River Basin. Archaeologists have discovered a batch of Paleolithic stone products more than 80,000 years ago, which are the "weapons" that our ancestors stubbornly survived when hunting wild animals.
(2) In the middle and late last century, archaeologists excavated paleolithic sites 10,000 years ago in Fengdu, and also discovered paleolithic sites 20,000 years ago in Tongliang, Jiangjin, Hechuan and Dadukou counties. We also found the sites in the middle paleolithic period-Jingshuiwan, Jia Ran Road, Gaojia Town, Zaoziping and Fanjiahe in Fengdu County, as well as the lotus pond in fengjie county, Dadiping in Yunyang County and Wuyang in Zhongxian County, which can show the cultural characteristics of the late Paleolithic period.
③ the Neolithic site of Weijialiangzi in Wushan.
④ In the Neolithic site of Dadiping Village, Shipan Town, Yunyang County, some late Neolithic house sites, tombs and kiln sites were discovered, and a large number of pottery and stone tools were unearthed. Among them, pottery is very rich in color, decoration and variety.
⑤ A site of human activities from 4400 BC to 3300 BC was discovered in Daxi, south bank of Qutang Gorge of the Yangtze River in Wushan County, which archaeologists call Daxi culture.
⑥ It originated from the winter bamboo shoot dam culture in Baxian (now Tongguan Post, Jiulongpo District, Chongqing), among which the most distinctive is the coffin burial utensil. Judging from the Neolithic and Bronze Age cultures in China, this is extremely rare.
⑦ 14 musical instruments, such as golden bell jar, hairpin jade, bronze pheasant and other weapons, as well as bronze ge, sword, spear, sickle, arrow and other weapons, as well as copper pots, pots and mirrors, were unearthed from the tomb of the Cuban king in Xiaotian Creek, Fuling in the 1970s.
2. Briefly describe Zou Rong and his revolutionary army. P 100- 10 1
① Zou Rong, 1885, was born in Ba County (now Yuzhong District, Chongqing). From 65438 to 0898, Zou Rong went to Japan to study, asking for help from the country and saving the people. During his stay in Japan, Zou Rong was widely exposed to the western bourgeois democratic thoughts and quickly integrated into the revolutionary struggle of overseas students in Tokyo.
1in April, 903, Zou Rong returned to Shanghai from Japan, lodged with the Patriotic Association, actively participated in various activities and gatherings, and became an active member of the anti-Russian movement in Shanghai. With the help of Zhang Taiyan, he completed the most combative propaganda work "Revolutionary Army" in China's modern history. In the preface of the book, Zou Rong signed himself as a pawn in the revolutionary army.
(2) The Revolutionary Army, with 20,000 words, sharply criticized the feudal autocratic monarchy, enthusiastically publicized the idea of democratic revolution, vividly and systematically described the grand blueprint of the bourgeoisie and the country, and was hailed as China's "Declaration of Human Rights", which was the first epoch-making masterpiece in the modern history of China that advocated the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal bourgeois democratic revolution in the most comprehensive and systematic way.
(3) 1903 In May, the Revolutionary Army was published in Shanghai, and the Qing court panicked. 1June, 903, Su Baohe Patriotic Association was sealed up by foreign police and China, Zhang Taiyan was arrested, and Zou Rong was imprisoned, insisting on the struggle. 1905 February, Zou Rong died in prison at the age of 20.
(4) Zou Rong's Revolutionary Army was a thunder in the autocratic and dark China, which caused great shock and aroused people's revolutionary passion. Once the Revolutionary Army was published, it became popular at home and abroad. In just a few years, it was reprinted 29 times and issued 165438+ ten thousand copies, ranking first in the circulation of revolutionary books at that time. After the success of the Revolution of 1911, Sun Yat-sen awarded Zou Rong the title of "General" in recognition of his revolutionary achievements.
3. Liu Yuxi's eleven Poems of Zhi Zhu can be roughly divided into several categories according to their contents. What is the main content of each category? P23-27
During his three years in Kuizhou, Liu Yuxi was comforted by the beautiful scenery of the Three Gorges and moved by the folk songs of Zhuzhi Ci in the Three Gorges. He first wrote Zhuzhi Ci, and then he wrote two Zhuzhi Ci. Throughout Liu Yuxi's eleven Zhi Zhu Ci poems, they can be roughly divided into five categories according to their contents:
First, describe love.
Second, describe the labor scene.
Third, describe the scenery.
Fourth, lament that the world is difficult.
Fifth, homesickness. The famous "Willow Green, Jiang Shuiping Green", I can hear the songs on the Langjiang River. Sunrise in the east and rain in the west, the road is sunny but sunny. "
Verb (abbreviation of verb) analysis problem
Talk about your understanding of Dazu stone carving, a treasure of southern grottoes.
First, Dazu's stone carving art is mainly based on "Mo Yan statue", which is excavated according to rocks.
Mo Yan's statue is represented by Baoding Giant Buddha Bay. Except for Pilu Dojo and Jueyuan Road, all the other statues are on the rock surface with a cliff height of more than 500 meters, and the statues are directly covered by the edge of the cliff.
Second, the carving techniques are diverse and the artistic image is vivid.
Dazu stone carving adopts the carving art of round carving, high relief, bas-relief, relief and intaglio, and high relief and bas-relief are the main forms to meet its "painting" creation needs.
Third, the distinctive features of nationalization and secularization.
Dazu stone carving art, which rose after the late Tang Dynasty, has been completely secularized in Longmen Grottoes. Its ideological content is characterized by the confluence of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, which breaks through the old formula of religious sculpture and makes creative development. Its statues are characterized by the humanization of God and the blending of man and God.
Fourthly, the creators of Dazu Grottoes have an overall design on the grotto statues, with careful layout and suitable terrain, which is a model for artistic creation according to local conditions. Dazu Baoding is a cave group with overall design, reasonable teaching and fruitful results. Most of the statues in the Giant Buddha Bay are related to terrain selection.
Fifth, artistic creation combining science and art.
Dazu stone carving makes full use of engineering technology to carve stone carvings, which is manifested in terrain selection, canyon drainage, cave support and mechanical application. In terms of terrain selection, the statue of Giant Buddha Bay is a must.
Dazu Stone Carvings created by Bayu people not only have high artistic and historical value, but also have high scientific and ornamental value. It is the second grotto in China to be listed on the World Heritage List after Mogao Grottoes.
Reference answers for the third assignment of Introduction to Bayu Culture
fill (up) a vacancy
1, Youyang 2, Fengxian Fengdu 3, Liu Bocheng 4, France 5, Zhongxian 6, Huaxi Industrial Company 7, Hechuan industrialist and educator 8, Song 9, Xu Beihong 10, Zhang Zizhong 16, Guo Moruo 12, Tao Xingzhi.
Second, multiple choice questions
1、B 2、B 3、B 4、D 5、A 6、B 7、B 8、A 9
Third, multiple choices.
1、ABCD 2、ABCD 3、ABCD 4、ABCD 5、ABC 6、ABCD 7、ABCD 8、ABCD 9、ABC 10、ABCD
Fourth, short answer questions
1. Briefly describe the process and significance of building Jigong Monument for the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. P84-86
(1)1938 February 18 to1943 On August 23rd, the Japanese air force, land, sea and air jointly carried out an "aviation strategic bombing" of Chongqing. On May 3rd and 4th, people from all walks of life in Chongqing 19465545 people, from Rong Yuan, Chongqing and Chongqing, took part in the bombing.
②194112.30. Twenty-two days after the outbreak of the Pacific War, Chongqing people built a famous wooden memorial building at the intersection of minzu road, Quan Min Road and Zou Rong Road. After several wars, it was named "spiritual fortress" after public discussion.
③ Symbolic significance: The "spiritual fortress" is 70 feet high, which means "July 7th" Anti-Japanese War, and is a square pyramid turret building. There is a large porcelain jar in the center of the top, which contains fuel oil and cotton swabs. Every time a major gathering is held, we should pour wine, light it and set off fireworks, which symbolizes the lofty integrity of the Chinese nation. The building symbolizes the determination to fight the war to the end and the spirit of carrying forward defense.
④1947 10 On June10, the only national War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Victory Monument in China was completed in the former site of "Spiritual Fortress". It was named "War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Victory Monument". Donations in advance to raise funds range from two to three thousand yuan to hundreds of thousands of yuan, which not only represents the hearts of millions of people, but also is the crystallization of national unity after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War.
⑤ 1 95010 June1day, the Monument to the Victory of the Anti-Japanese War was renamed as "People's Liberation Monument", referred to as Jie Fangbei for short. Liu Bocheng, then chairman of the Southwest Military and Political Committee, wrote the inscription "Monument to the People's Liberation".
2. Briefly describe Lu Zuofu's major contributions as a patriotic industrialist and a civilian educator. Why did Mao Zedong regard him, Zhang Zhidong, Zhang Jian and Fan Xudong as "four unforgettable figures" in old China business circles? P 108- 109
(1) Lu Zuofu's main contribution to education:
192 1 year, when Lu Zuofu was the chief of education in Yinfu, Luzhou, he carried out two major educational reforms: first, he launched a mass education conference centered on mass education; The second is to rectify the normal schools in southern Sichuan, completely change the backward education system in southern Sichuan and carry out advanced educational practice.
1930, Lu Zuofu founded a new middle school-Jianshan Middle School in Beibei. In the same year, he formally established China Western Academy of Sciences in Beibei.
② 1926, Lu Zuofu established "Minsheng Industrial Co., Ltd." in Chongqing, and started regular shipping between Hechuan in Chongqing. Opened Chongqing-Fuzhou, Chongqing-Yi, Chongqing-Syria and other routes; Initial Realization of Lu Zuofu's Ideal of Recovering Chuanjiang Navigation Rights.
(3) After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Lu Zuofu mobilized the strength of the whole company and actively participated in the battle of rushing to transport materials for the war of resistance against Japan. He went to the scene in person, and finally sent 20 Wan Chuan athletes to the front and transported hundreds of thousands of tons of military equipment from the factory in Sichuan to the rear.
(4) During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, Lu Zuofu Minsheng Industrial Company became the main force of inland river transportation. In addition, Lu Zuofu has invested in more than 70 enterprises in Southwest China, especially in coal, steel and machine manufacturing industries, which are closely related to the business of Minsheng Industrial Company (such as Tianfu Coal Mine, the largest coal mine in Sichuan at that time, and the most influential Chongqing New Iron and Steel Plant and Heng Chang Machine Factory). ), making Minsheng Industrial Company the largest national capital enterprise group in the rear area.
⑤1June, 950, Lu Zuofu secretly left Hong Kong and returned to Beijing under the care of Premier Zhou Enlai and the careful arrangement of the Hong Kong Party organization, and successively sailed back to Guangzhou nearly 20 ships (worth more than 50 million US dollars) hijacked to Taiwan Province Province and left in Hong Kong, thus completing the task of ensuring production.
1952 died in Chongqing on February 8th. Mao Zedong once praised him, Zhang Zhidong, Zhang Jian and Fan Xudong as "four unforgettable figures" in the old China industry.
3. Briefly describe the cultural characteristics of Chongqing hot pot. P 144- 147
(1) universality and inclusiveness. ② Uniqueness and diversity. ③ extensive participation. 4 styles are diverse. ⑤ Open innovation.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) On the Problems of Literature
On the personality characteristics of Bayu people. P 130- 135
(1) Courage, perseverance and perseverance. 2 enthusiasm and generosity, loyalty and trustworthiness. (3) eclecticism, unity and cooperation. (4) Open innovation and pay attention to practical results.
Reference answer to the fourth assignment of "Introduction to Bayu Culture"
Fill in the blanks
1, Wushan 2, Rapids, Man and Nature 3, 6888 Salt Transportation 4, Chuanjiang Sailing Co., Ltd. Shudu 5, Lu Zuofu 70 3000 6, Highway and Railway 7, Chuanqian 8, Qixinggang outside Tongyuanmen, Tongguanyinyan, Lianglukou, Shangqing Temple 9, Lu Zuofu 10, 2003/.
Second, multiple choice questions
1、A 2、B 3、A 4、A 5、D 6、B 7、A 8、A 9、C 10、A
Third, multiple choices.
1、ABCD 2、ABC 3、ABCD 4、ABCD 5、ABC 6、ABC 7、ABCD 8、ABCD 9、ABC 10、ABC
Fourth, short answer questions
1. The prosperity of Bayu Academy in Ming and Qing Dynasties is of great significance to the development of Bayu culture. P 188- 189
A: ① The prosperity of Bayu Academy in Ming and Qing Dynasties promoted the development of Bayu education, spread culture and created a good cultural and educational atmosphere for Bayu area. (2) Bayu Academy in Ming and Qing Dynasties was less influenced by the government and imperial examinations than by official schools, thus providing a better academic world for educators and educatees, and many enthusiastic officials and far-sighted educators emerged. ③ Bayu Academy has also made important contributions to the collection and preservation of cultural classics. Bayu Academy has a rich collection of books, which provides conditions for improving the quality of education and prospering academics. ④ The prosperity of academies promoted the development of education in Chongqing. In the Song Dynasty, there were 208 scholars in the counties under the jurisdiction of Chongqing government, but in the Yuan Dynasty, imperial examinations were not emphasized. During nearly a hundred years of rule, there were only nine scholars in Chongqing government. There were 3 18 people in the imperial examinations in Chongqing in the Ming Dynasty, with a total of 1295 people. During the 200 years of the Qing Dynasty, there were 98 scholars in Chongqing, including117, 20 scholars from Zhongwu and 336 scholars from Wuju.
2. Briefly describe the characteristics of diaojiao building. P 167- 168
The ancestors of Chongqing created unique architectural techniques and styles in a specific natural environment, and skillfully used architectural techniques such as "staggered floors, dislocation, hanging buildings, hanging feet, lifting buildings, lifting foundations, and sticking rocks (ridges)" to create a unique hanging-foot living group.
② The whole building makes full use of cheap building materials such as Chinese fir and bamboo in Bayu area. At low cost, the building can be hung up and down, and all floors can be folded freely. The balcony enters and exits the corridor, and the eaves are staggered.
(3) Diaojiaolou residential buildings are simple and elegant, with overlapping pavilions, hanging columns, hanging verandahs, winding ancient roads and banyan trees, which enhances the unique spatial layering of mountain buildings.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) analysis problem
Try to compare the similarities and differences between Bayu culture and Shu culture. P2 1 1-2 13
Bayu culture and Shu culture belong to the same cultural system.
Shu culture originated from the late Neolithic culture in the west of Sichuan Basin. Ba culture originated from Jijiahu culture (type) in the late Neolithic period in the Three Gorges area of the Yangtze River. Although Bayu culture and Shu culture are independent, from a large geographical point of view, Bayu culture belongs to a large cultural area.
(1) First of all, evidence can be found from archaeological discoveries;
Secondly, from the perspective of cultural interaction, Bashu is close to Sichuan and has frequent political, economic and cultural exchanges, which is one reason why people often refer to Bashu as Bashu.
Differences between Bayu culture and Shu culture;
(1) Shu culture attaches importance to business, and people's fashion is civilized; Bayu culture worships martial arts and has strong folk customs.
② Bayu culture is greatly influenced by Chu culture, and Shu culture is deeply influenced by culture.