Geographic overview Denmark is located in Northern Europe, between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. It consists of 406 islands. Denmark's total area is only 43,000 square kilometers.
In terms of area, Denmark is the smallest country in Northern Europe.
Population: There are about 5.2 million residents, 97% of whom are Germanic Danes, ranking first in population density among the Nordic countries.
Language The official language is Danish, but English is also quite common.
Climate Denmark has a changeable climate, but severe weather is rare. The climate is mild in spring in April and May, and warmer in summer from June to August. Due to Denmark's high latitude, the days are longer and the sun sets after 9 pm. Autumn is windy and rainy from September to November, and winter often involves frost and snow.
Clothing Denmark has four distinct seasons. In late autumn, winter and early spring, you need to wear cold-proof clothes and coats. Light clothing can be worn in other seasons. It is recommended to bring rain gear when traveling and wear sturdy, comfortable and light shoes.
Economic overview Agriculture and animal husbandry is the most developed country in Northern Europe. Industry is the main body of Denmark's national economy, with oil exploration, shipbuilding, chemicals, electronic food, food, textiles and other sectors playing an important role. Products such as marine main engines, cement production equipment, hearing aids, beer, enzyme preparations and artificial insulin enjoy a high reputation in the world. Denmark's agriculture is highly developed and enjoys a high reputation among the world's first-class agricultural countries. Its agricultural science and technology level and production efficiency rank among the world's most advanced countries. Denmark is also the world's largest mink fur producer and one of the world's four largest fishing countries.
Tourism The best tourist season in Denmark is from May to September every year, during which the days are long and the nights are short, and the climate is mild and comfortable. The capital, Copenhagen, has many attractions, such as seaside parks, stock exchanges, royal libraries, weapons museums, national museums, and the largest zoo and fishery museum in Northern Europe. Copenhagen has its own style. The nearby antique tourist village and Denmark's largest aquarium are also crowded with tourists. In addition, the ancient castle in North Zealand and the "Legoland Park" in Billund attract tourists from all over the world.
Important city Copenhagen, the capital, has an urban population of approximately 1.5 million. The city is also the financial and cultural center of Denmark. Copenhagen Airport is the main hub connecting Scandinavia
with Europe.
The currency is krona, the international symbol is DKK, but domestic prices in Denmark are expressed in KR.
The time difference is 1 hour ahead of GMT and 7 hours behind Beijing time.
Education Danish higher education institutions implement a free system, and there are many scholarships and subsidies, but there are often certain restrictions on the number of admissions. There are 5 comprehensive universities. The most famous institutions of higher learning are: University of Copenhagen, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Technical University of Denmark, Aarhus University, and Oden University.
Country name: The Republic of Finland (Suomen tasavalta)
Independence Day: December 6 (1917)
Flag : Rectangular in shape, the ratio of length to width is 18:11. The flag ground is white. A wide cross-shaped blue bar slightly to the left divides the flag into four white rectangles. Finland is known as the "Land of Thousand Lakes", with the Baltic Sea to the southwest. The blue on the flag symbolizes lakes, rivers and oceans; another said that it symbolizes the blue sky. More than a quarter of Finland's territory is within the Arctic Circle, and the climate is cold. The white on the flag symbolizes the snow-covered land. The cross on the flag represents Finland's historically close ties with other Nordic countries. The flag was made around 1860 based on the suggestions of Finnish poet Tocharis Topelius.
National emblem: a red shield. On the shield is a golden lion with a crown on its head, holding a sword in its front paws and a scimitar in its back paws. Nine white roses are dotted around the lion. The lion symbolizes the bravery and strength of the Finnish people, and the nine roses represent the nine provinces in Finnish history.
National anthem: "Motherland"
National dignitaries: President Tarja Halonen (Tarja Halonen), took office in March 2000; Prime Minister Matti Vanhanen (Matti Vanhanen), appointed in June 2003.
Physical geography: Area is 338,145 square kilometers. It is located in northern Europe, bordering Norway to the north, Sweden to the northwest, Russia to the east, the Gulf of Finland to the south, and the tidal Gulf of Bothnia to the west. The terrain is high in the north and low in the south. The Manserkia hills in the north are 200-700 meters above sea level, the central part is moraine hills with an altitude of 200-300 meters, and the coastal areas are plains below 50 meters above sea level. Finland is extremely rich in forest resources. The country's forest area reaches 26 million hectares, with an average of 5 hectares of forest land per capita, ranking second in the world in terms of per capita forest land. 69% of the country's land is covered by forests, ranking first in Europe and second in the world. Most of the tree species are spruce forest, pine forest and birch forest. The dense jungle is full of flowers and berries. Lake Saimaa in the south covers an area of ??4,400 square kilometers and is the largest lake in Finland. Finnish lakes are connected with narrow waterways, short rivers, and rapids, forming waterways that communicate with each other. The inland water area accounts for 10% of the country's total area. There are about 179,000 islands and about 188,000 lakes. It is known as the "Land of Thousand Lakes". Finland's coastline is 1,100 kilometers long. Fish resources are abundant. One-third of Finland is located within the Arctic Circle, and the northern climate is cold and snowy. In the far north, the sun cannot be seen for 40-50 days in winter, but the sun can be seen day and night from the end of May to the end of July in summer. It has a temperate maritime climate. The average temperature ranges from -14 ℃ to 3 ℃ in winter and 13 ℃ to 17 ℃ in summer. The average annual rainfall is 600 mm.
Population: 5.195 million (2002). Most of the population lives in the south where the climate is relatively mild. Among them, Finnish people account for 92.4%, Swedish people account for 5.6%, and there are also a small number of Sami people (also known as Lapps). The official languages ??are Finnish and Swedish. 84.9% of the residents believe in Lutheran Christianity, and 1.1% believe in Orthodox Christianity. Finland International Sauna Competition>>>
Capital: Helsinki (Helsinki) has a population of 560,000 (2002). The average temperature in summer is 16℃ and in winter -5℃.
World-famous Finnish wooden houses>>>
Administrative divisions: The country is divided into five provinces and one autonomous region: Southern Finland, Eastern Finland, Western Finland, and Oulu Province , Labi Province and ?land Autonomous Region.
Brief history: At the end of the Ice Age about 9,000 years ago, the ancestors of the Finns moved here from the south and southeast. Before the 12th century, Finland was in the period of primitive commune society. It became part of Sweden in the second half of the 12th century, and became a principality of Sweden in 1581. After the Russian-Swedish War in 1809, it was occupied by Russia and became a grand duchy under the rule of Tsarist Russia. The Tsar also served as the Grand Duke of Finland. After the revolution in October 1917, Finland declared independence on December 6 of the same year and established the Republic of Korea in 1919. After the Finnish-Soviet War (called the "Winter War" in Finland) from 1939 to 1940, Finland was forced to sign a Finnish-Soviet peace treaty with the former Soviet Union that ceded territory to the Soviet Union. From 1941 to 1944, Nazi Germany attacked the Soviet Union, and Finland participated in the war against the Soviet Union (called the "continuation war" in Finland). In February 1944, Finland, as a defeated country, signed the Paris Peace Treaty with the Soviet Union and other countries. In April 1948, the "Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance" was signed with the Soviet Union. After the Cold War, Finland joined the European Union in 1995.
Finnish College Students Wearing Hat Festival
Politics: The constitution stipulates that national legislative power is exercised by the parliament and the president of the country; the president is the head of state and has the power to appoint the government , in charge of foreign affairs, command of the armed forces and other real powers, and are elected every six years. In 1999, the Finnish Parliament passed a new constitution, and its name was changed from the "Government Organization Act" to the "Constitution". The new constitution strengthened the role of parliament and the government in the country's political life and reduced some of the powers of the president. The Parliament is a unicameral system and is the country's highest authority and legislative body. It consists of 200 members directly elected by voters for a four-year term. The main functions are legislation, supervision of the government, and supervision of finance. The highest judicial organs are the Supreme Court and the Supreme Administrative Court. The Supreme Court is composed of the president and 19 judges, and is responsible for hearing civil and criminal cases. The Supreme Administrative Court, composed of the president and 20 judges, is responsible for hearing administrative cases involving government agencies and provincial, municipal (county) agencies. The prosecuting authority is the procuratorate at all levels. There is also a National Legal Ombudsman, who has the right to attend cabinet meetings and supervise whether the decisions of the president, cabinet and various government departments comply with the provisions of the constitution.
The presidents and judges of the Supreme Court and the Supreme Administrative Court, as well as the Supreme Prosecutor General, are appointed by the President.
Economy: The forest coverage rate is as high as 66.2%, about 20.153 million hectares, the per capita occupation is 3.88 hectares, and the timber storage volume is 2.002 billion cubic meters. Mineral resources include more copper and small amounts of iron, nickel, vanadium, cobalt, etc. Peat resources are abundant, with proven reserves of approximately 70 billion cubic meters, equivalent to 4 billion tons of oil. There are two nuclear power plants (four nuclear reactors). Industry has developed rapidly in the 1990s and has transformed from labor and capital intensive to technology intensive. Wood processing, papermaking and forestry machinery manufacturing based on forests are the pillars of the economy and have reached the world's advanced level. The output of the entire forest industry accounts for 5% of the world's total output. It is the world's second largest exporter of paper and cardboard, accounting for 5% of the world's total. With 25% of export volume, Finland is also the world's fourth largest pulp exporter. The developed information industry has greatly promoted the country's economic development. The output value in 2001 was 13.776 billion euros, accounting for 10.5% of GDP. Information technology goods (computers, communication equipment, etc.)
The largest Christian church in the world
Wooden church - built Kerimaki Church in 1847>>
Exports amounted to 12.15 billion euros, accounting for 30.9% of exports. Finland is one of the countries with the highest Internet access ratio and per capita mobile phone ownership. In 2001, there were 54 access terminals per 100 people, and the mobile phone penetration rate was 80.4%. The output value of agriculture and forestry in 2001 was 4.03 billion euros, accounting for 3.9% of the gross national product that year. Agriculture and forestry are closely integrated, and almost all farmers manage a certain amount of forest land. We are more than self-sufficient in agricultural and livestock products. In recent years, the chemical industry and electronics industry sectors have developed rapidly. The service industry is developed and is basically divided into two categories: private service industry and public management service industry. Mainly including commerce, trade, hotels, restaurants, banks, insurance, social services and public services. The main tourist spots are Helsinki, Turku, the central lake area, the northern Rab region and the island of ?land. Finland's export commodities mainly include machinery and equipment, chemical products, metals, paper and cardboard, etc.; its import commodities mainly include food, petroleum and petroleum products, steel, textiles, feed, etc. In the 1980s, the Finnish economy continued to develop at an average annual growth rate of 3.7%. In the early 1990s, the economy experienced a severe recession. Recovery began in 1993, and the economy has generally been developing well since 1994. The Finnish government completed economic structural adjustment in the early 1990s, increased the proportion of the knowledge-based economy in the national economy, attached great importance to scientific and technological investment, developed high-tech and information technology, and continued to implement fiscal austerity, encourage investment, cut social welfare, and reduce costs at the macro level. Policies such as income tax, accelerating the privatization process of state-owned enterprises, and improving employment have enabled the economy to maintain stable growth. It joined the euro in 1999 and the euro officially entered circulation in January 2002, replacing the Finnish mark. In 2002, affected by the world economic downturn, Finland's economic growth was slow. In 2002, the GDP was 139.7 billion euros, and the per capita GDP was 26,800 euros.
Finnish children take a sauna in a miniature sauna car. Finns love saunas. There are nearly 2 million large and small saunas in this country with a population of only 5.2 million. Every Finn has been fumigated and baptized by saunas almost since he was a baby.
Military: The president is the supreme commander of the military. The Defense Council is the highest advisory body. The Prime Minister is responsible for leading civilian aspects of defense activities. The Commander-in-Chief of the Defense Forces is responsible for the military aspects of defense activities. Compulsory military service is implemented, with a service period of 8 to 11 months.
News and Publishing: In 2001, there were 208 newspapers and 5,158 magazines and periodicals nationwide. The main newspapers include "Helsinki News", "Evening News", "Morning News", "Evening News", "Turku News" and "Capital Daily". There are 5 news agencies, the largest of which is the Finnish News Agency, referred to as Finnish News Agency. It was established in 1915 and is semi-official. It has business contacts with major news agencies in the world. Finnish Broadcasting Company (YLE) was established in 1926 and became state-owned in 1934. External broadcasts are in Finnish, Swedish, English, German and French. Television was officially launched in 1958, and now there are 1 TV station, 2 TV stations, and 3 TV stations. There are also private advertising television stations.
Cable television (Helsinki Cable TV) began in the 1970s.
Finns welcome Christmas
Diplomacy: After World War II, Finland has long pursued a "positive policy of peace and neutrality" of maintaining good-neighborly and friendly relations with the Soviet Union, not intervening in major power conflicts, and developing friendly relations with other countries. . After the end of the Cold War and the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Finland made major adjustments to its foreign policy and made developing relations with the EU a diplomatic focus. It became a full member of the European Union on January 1, 1995. Finland still adheres to the policy of military non-alignment and independent and reliable defense, and cooperates closely with NATO. At the same time, it continues to maintain good-neighborly relations with Russia and supports Russia's integration into the international community.
Relationships with China: On October 28, 1950, Sulan established diplomatic relations with China. Legations were established in each other's country in 1951 and upgraded to an embassy in 1954. In November 2002, President Halonen visited China.
Country name: The Kingdom of Norway
Independence Day: June 7 (1905)
National Day: May 17 ( 1814)
The national flag: rectangular in shape, with a length-to-width ratio of 11:8. The flag ground is red, and there are blue and white cross-shaped patterns on the flag surface, slightly to the left. Norway formed the Kalmar Union with Denmark and Sweden in 1397 and was ruled by Denmark, so the cross on the national flag originated from the cross pattern on the Danish flag. There are two types of Norwegian flags: the swallow-tailed flag is flown by government agencies, and the above-mentioned horizontal rectangular flag is flown on other occasions.
National emblem: It is a shield. A golden lion stands upright on the red shield, wearing a crown and holding a silver ax with a gold handle. The golden lion is a symbol of strength, and the silver ax is the weapon of St. Olav, the protector of Norwegian freedom. At the top of the coat of arms is a golden crown inlaid with a ball and a cross.
National anthem: "Yes!" We love our motherland"
National bird: river bird
Natural geography: area is 385,365 square kilometers (including Svalbard Islands, Jan Mayen Island and other territories). Located in the western part of the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe, it borders Sweden to the east, Finland and Russia to the northeast, Denmark to the south across the sea, and the Norwegian Sea to the west. The coastline is 21,000 kilometers long and contains many natural harbors. The Scandinavian mountains run through the entire territory, and plateaus, mountains, and glaciers account for more than 2/3 of the territory. Hills, lakes, and swamps are widespread in the south. It has a maritime climate.
Population: 4.418 million (1998). 95% are Germanic-speaking Norwegians, and there are about 30,000 Sami minorities in the north. The official language is Norwegian, and 90% of the residents believe in the state religion of Christianity, Lutheranism.
Capital: Oslo.
Brief history: A unified kingdom was formed in the 9th century AD. During the Viking Age from the 9th to the 11th century, it continued to expand outwards. In 1397, it formed the Kalmar Union with Denmark and Sweden and was ruled by Denmark. In 1814, Denmark ceded Norway to Sweden in exchange for Western Pomerania. In 1905, an independent monarchy was established and Prince Carl of Denmark was elected as king, called Haakon VII. Remain neutral in World War I. Occupied by fascist Germany during World War II, King Haakon and his government went into exile in Britain. It was liberated in 1945. Haakon VII died in 1957, and his son ascended the throne, known as Olav V.
Politics: The constitution stipulates that Norway is a hereditary constitutional monarchy, and the king is the head of state and commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and nominates the prime minister. Parliament is divided into upper and lower houses. Except for the enactment of laws, which are discussed first by the lower house and then by the upper house, other issues are discussed by the two houses.
Diplomacy: Norway bases its foreign and security policies on cooperation with NATO and European and American solidarity. We advocate the development of normal good-neighborly relations with Russia. It advocates actively developing cooperation with the European Community and Northern Europe, attaching importance to developing relations with the third world, and supporting North-South dialogue. Norway is a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the Council of Europe, the Nordic Council, and the European Free Trade Association.
Relations with China: On October 5, 1954, Norway established diplomatic relations with China.
Overview of Sweden
Country name: The Kingdom of Sweden
Independence Day: June 6 (since 1983, originally Flag Day )
National flag: blue, with a yellow cross slightly to the left. The blue and yellow colors come from the colors of the Swedish royal emblem.
National emblem: The large national emblem is in the form of a cape. The blue shield decorated with a crown is divided into four parts by a yellow cross: 3 crowns are painted on the upper left and lower right parts; a golden lion wearing a crown is painted on the upper right and lower left parts. . There is a small shield in the large shield. The left side is composed of blue, silver, white and red twills and a gold bottle; the right side is painted with a castle-style bell tower and a golden eagle. There are gold lions on both sides of the blue shield, and a medal at the bottom. The small national emblem is a blue shield with a crown. The three golden crowns on the shield are the symbol of the Kingdom of Sweden and also symbolize the Denmark, Sweden and Norway that formed the Kalmar Union.
National anthem: "Your Ancient and Glorious Northern Mountain Country"
National Bird: Blackbird (hundred-tongued)
National Stone: Small (Water) Crystal< /p>
Physical geography: Located in the eastern part of Scandinavia in Northern Europe. It borders Finland to the northeast, Norway to the west and northwest, the Baltic Sea to the east, and the North Sea to the southwest. Its territory covers an area of ??449,900 square kilometers (excluding territorial waters). The coastline is about 2181 kilometers long. The terrain slopes from northwest to southeast. The northern part is the Nordland Plateau, with the highest peak in the country, the Kebnekaise Peak, at an altitude of 2123 meters. The southern part and the coast are mostly plains or hills. The main rivers are the G?ta River, the Dal River, and the Ongeman River. There are many lakes, about 92,000. The largest Lake V?nern covers an area of ??5,585 square kilometers, ranking third in Europe. About 15% of the land is within the Arctic Circle, but affected by the warm Atlantic current, winters are not too cold. Most areas have a temperate coniferous forest climate, and the southernmost part has a temperate broad-leaved forest climate.
Population: 8.909 million (at the end of 2001). 90% are Swedes (descendants of the Germanic ethnic group), and there are more than 1 million foreign immigrants and their descendants (52.6% of them are foreigners). The Sami people in the north are the only ethnic minority, with about 10,000 people. The official language is Swedish. 90% of the people believe in Lutheran Christianity.
Capital: Stockholm, with an urban population of 750,000 (early 2000).
Administrative divisions: The country is divided into five provinces and one autonomous region: South Finland, Eastern Finland, West Finland, Oulu Province, Labi Province and the ?land Island Autonomous Region.
Brief history: The country began to form around 1100 AD. Annexed Finland in 1157. In 1397, it formed the Kalmar Union with Denmark and Norway and was ruled by Dan. It became independent from the alliance in 1523. In the same year, Gustav Vasa was elected king. Sweden was at its peak from 1654 to 1719, and its territory included what is now Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and the Baltic Sea coast areas of Russia, Poland, and Germany. After the failure of the war against Russia, Denmark and Poland in 1718, it gradually declined. He participated in the Napoleonic War in 1805. After being defeated by Russia in 1809, he was forced to cede Finland. In 1814, he acquired Norway from Denmark and formed the Swedish-Norwegian Alliance with Norway. Norway became independent from the Union in 1905. Sweden remained neutral in both world wars.
Politics: The current constitution consists of three basic laws: the Government Code (enacted in 1809 and revised in 1974), the Succession to the Throne Act (enacted in 1810 and revised in 1979) and the Freedom of the Press Act (enacted in 1949). There is also the Organic Law of Parliament (enacted in 1866 and revised in 1974). The constitution stipulates that Sweden is a constitutional monarchy. The king is the head of state and commander-in-chief of the armed forces. As a national symbol, he only performs representative or ceremonial duties and cannot interfere with parliamentary and government work. Parliament is the country's only legislative body, elected by universal suffrage. The government is the highest administrative body of the country and is accountable to the Parliament. The king's eldest child is the legal heir to the throne. The parliament is unicameral.
Economy: Sweden implements a "mixed economy" that combines developed private industry and commerce with a relatively complete state-owned public service sector. It is famous for its high wages, high taxes, and high welfare. Forests, iron ore and water power are Sweden's three major natural resources. On this basis, four traditional industrial systems have been developed and formed: mining and metallurgy, forestry and papermaking, electric power and machinery manufacturing. As a country rich in timber, iron ore, and water resources, Sweden focuses on developing an export-oriented industrial economy. Industry plays a very important role in the national economy, and 82% of industrial products are exported abroad. After the mid-1970s, the Swedish industrial structure underwent significant changes.
Sweden has increased its efforts and investment in scientific research and development, and its high-tech industry has developed rapidly. The fields of transportation, communications, medicine and health care, information, and environmental protection have strong competitiveness in the world. The steel and wood processing industries, once the main export sectors of Sweden, have Gradually replaced by industrial sectors such as machinery manufacturing, electronic precision instruments, and automobiles. Shipbuilding, textile and other industries are in decline, and the government has provided a large amount of funds to subsidize them, reorganize them or nationalize them. Metalworking and machine building are Sweden's most important industrial sectors. Swedish mechanical products are characterized by precision, durability and high levels of craftsmanship. Traditional products such as ball bearings and refrigeration equipment enjoy a high reputation in the international market. The steel industry is one of the industrial sectors with a long history. The chemical industry is one of Sweden's main industrial sectors. Within the chemical industry, petrochemistry and petroleum refining are the most prominent, and plastics, chemical fibers, pharmaceuticals and fertilizers have also developed significantly. The automobile industry developed rapidly after the war. In addition to producing cars, it also produced various trucks. One-third of car production is sold in the United States. The energy industry plays a very important role in the Swedish economy. Sweden has a developed industry and a large number of energy-intensive enterprises. Coupled with long winters and long transportation lines, Sweden is a country with high energy consumption. Only electricity consumption averages about 13,000 kilowatt hours per person per year. Sweden's agriculture and service industries are also relatively developed. Sweden's economy mainly relies on foreign trade and advocates market openness and free trade. Sweden's main export products are: automobiles and transportation equipment, machinery and instruments, electronic products, wood pulp and paper, pharmaceutical chemicals, and steel and metal products. More than 60% of Sweden's imported goods are components and raw materials for the manufacturing industry, mainly including: electronic products, machinery and instruments, automobiles and transportation equipment, food, textiles and footwear, etc.
Culture: Implement 9-year compulsory free education. Famous universities include Stockholm University, Uppsala University, Lund University, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm Business School, etc. Swedish people have high cultural quality, are hospitable, simple and honest, have civilized conversation, behave well, and are punctual. Swedes attach great importance to environmental protection, love flowers, birds and other wild animals, and love nature. Employees enjoy 5 weeks of statutory paid leave every year, work 5 days a week, and work a total of 15,000 hours throughout the year. People like to use their leisure time to engage in outdoor activities, go hiking in forests and fields, pick wild fruits and mushrooms, and go swimming, boating, and fishing in sea and lakes. In the summer when the days are long and the nights are short, everyone travels at home and abroad one after another. Sweden has become one of the countries with the largest number of tourists in the world. Sports activities are even more popular among Swedes. According to a survey released by the University of Gothenburg in Sweden on June 24, 2002, the Internet has surpassed traditional newspapers and become the more popular media in Sweden. According to a sample survey, the average Swede spends 23 minutes browsing the Internet every day and night, while Swedes spend 21 minutes reading daily newspapers and only 8 minutes reading evening newspapers. The times are up to 2 hours and 45 minutes respectively. The survey shows that women are more likely to listen to the radio and read books; men are more likely to watch teletext news, watch videos and read evening newspapers. People with higher education are more willing to surf the Internet, read books and read professional magazines; while people with lower education are happy to watch TV, listen to the radio and read evening newspapers.
Attractions: Nobel's House is located in Birch Mountain Villa in Karlskuga, central Sweden, more than 200 kilometers away from Stockholm. This is a milky white two-story building. The green lawn in front of the building and the surrounding birch forest complement each other, creating a quiet environment. In 1894, Alfred Nobel ended his overseas wandering career and returned to his motherland to settle down, where he spent most of the last two years of his life. Since the old residence where he was born in Stockholm has now been erected with high-rise buildings, Birch Villa is the only Nobel's former residence that has been completely preserved today. Since the establishment of the memorial hall in 1975, it has become a tourist attraction and the center of Nobel academic activities. The Nobel Academic Symposium is held here every year, where famous scientists from all over the world gather to discuss new topics in the field of science and Nobel's academic thoughts of "benefiting mankind". The memorial hall retains photos of Nobel's activities during his lifetime, various technical invention patent certificates, gold medals and wills he obtained. Nobel's bedroom was very simply furnished, with only the most necessary furniture such as a bed, a table and a wardrobe, while his laboratory was full of various instruments and equipment. Nobel was born on October 21, 1833.
He earned the reputation of the "King of Explosives" for his inventions of glycerin detonators, detonators, nitroglycerin solid explosives and gel explosives. Died on December 10, 1896. Aged 63. According to his will, part of his estate, equivalent to US$9.2 million, was used as a fund to reward scientific workers who benefited mankind. With the interest of this fund, five prizes are divided into physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. They are awarded once a year on Nobel's death day, called the Nobel Prize.
The Swedish Royal Palace is the place where the king works and holds celebrations, and is the main tourist attraction in Stockholm. Located in the center of Stockholm. Built in the 17th century, it is the work of the famous Swedish architect Trial. The main entrance is separated by two stone lions on both sides. Two guards wearing red tassel military caps and medieval costumes stand with guns, looking very majestic. There are many exquisite reliefs on the walls of the palace, and there is a large courtyard in the middle. The palace church and state hall in the southern half of the palace and the banquet hall in the northern half of the palace still maintain their original furnishings and are open to the public. In the magnificent hall of the palace, large portraits of kings and queens of all generations hang on the walls, and the dome is decorated with magnetic inlays, carvings and gorgeous paintings. It is said that most of them were painted by German artists in the 17th century. Some rooms also display ancient chariot weapons, jewelry, gold and silver vessels, and physical models of medieval knights holding spears and wearing bronze helmets and iron armor. The palace guards hold a grand changing of the guard ceremony according to ancient traditions at noon every day, attracting a large number of tourists.
Historical celebrity: Alfred Bernhard Nobel (Alfred Bernhard Nobel, 1833.10.21--1896.12.10), a famous Swedish chemist and inventor of nitroglycerin dynamite. Born in Stockholm, Sweden in 1833, he devoted his life to the research of explosives and made significant achievements in the research of nitroglycerin. Nobel died in Italy on December 10, 1896. The year before his death, he proposed in his will that part of his estate (US$9.2 million) should be used as a fund, and the interest would be divided into five prizes: physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and peace, to be awarded to countries around the world in these fields. Scholars who have made significant contributions to mankind. In June 1900, the Swedish government approved the establishment of the Nobel Foundation, and the Nobel Prize was awarded for the first time on December 10, 1901, the fifth anniversary of Nobel's death the following year. In 1968, on the occasion of the 300th anniversary of the CCB, the Swedish Central Bank provided funds to establish the Nobel Economics Prize (full name: "Swedish Central Bank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Bernd Nobel", also known as "Nobel Economics Prize"). Award"), and began to be awarded simultaneously with the other five awards in 1969.
Olof Palme (Olof Palme, 1927.1.30--1986.2.28), late Prime Minister of Sweden. Born in Stockholm on January 30, 1927. In his early years, he studied at the Sigtuna School near Stockholm and served in the army after graduation. After World War II, he entered Kenyon College in Ohio, USA, and received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1948. After returning to China, he entered Stockholm University and received a bachelor's degree in law in 1951. Joined the Social Democratic Party in 1950. In 1953, he served as special adviser to the Swedish Prime Minister. Elected as a member of parliament in 1958. Served in government since 1963. In 1969, he became chairman of the Social Democratic Party. He served as Prime Minister twice, in 1969 and 1982. In November 1976, he was elected vice president of the Socialist International. In September 1980, the "Independent Commission on Disarmament and Security Questions" (also known as the "Palme Commission") was established on his initiative and served as chairman. In November 1980, he served as the special envoy of the United Nations Secretary-General to mediate the Iran-Iraq war. Assassinated in Stockholm on February 28, 1986.
Diplomacy: Pursue the foreign policy of "military non-alignment in peacetime in order to maintain neutrality in the event of war in neighboring areas". Actively participate in international cooperation at three levels: neighboring regions, European and world affairs. It believes that cooperation is security and that neighboring regions are the basis of its own security. The EU plays an increasingly important role in OSCE affairs, recognizes NATO's leading position in OSCE affairs, and regards participation in UN affairs as one of the cornerstones of diplomacy. In June 1994, it joined NATO's "Partnership for Peace". It became a full member of the European Union on January 1, 1995. Sweden also advocates the role of the United Nations in actively promoting détente and disarmament. Sweden is a member of the Council of Europe, the Nordic Council, and the European Free Trade Association.
Relations with China: On May 9, 1950, Sweden established diplomatic relations with China.