Hangzhou government. Hu Xueyan's former residence belongs to the national key cultural relics protection unit, is a typical representative of private residence in the late Qing Dynasty, and is one of the largest existing private gardens in Hangzhou. Yuanbao Street, located in the east of Hefang Street and Dajingxiang Historical and Cultural Protection Zone in Hangzhou, was built in the 11th year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1872. It was renovated by the Hangzhou government for tourists to visit, so it belongs to the Hangzhou government, that is, the country.
Seven Laws. The fourth impression of Hangzhou —— Hu Xueyan's former residence
stands out as the first wonder in the south of the Yangtze River, full of colorful eaves.
the aperture is applied in Shui Ying, and the jade pedestal is set with a golden aperture.
the great wealth is caused by the smooth political and business affairs, and the high wall collapses from the storm.
There are many elixirs in Qingyu Hall, so it is difficult to continue the noble spirit of Qing family.
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Where is Hu Xueyan's former residence
Hu Xueyan's former residence, located in Yuanbao Street in the east of Hefang Street and Dajingxiang Historical and Cultural Protection Zone in Hangzhou, was built in the eleventh year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (in 1872, it was at the peak of Hu Xueyan's career.
At that time, the mansion project lasted for three years and was completed in 1875. The completed former residence is a beautiful mansion with China traditional architectural features and western architectural style. The whole building is long from north to south and wide from east to west, covering an area of 1.8 mu and a building area of 5,815 square meters.
The former residence is the first luxury house of China giants in the late Qing Dynasty, no matter from the architecture or the furnishings and exquisite materials.
There are pavilions such as Zhiyuan and 13th floor in the ancient house. Among them, two rare mahogany sedan chairs are worth seeing. Hu Xueyan, a native of Hangzhou, was originally from Jixi, Anhui. When I was a teenager, I worked as a waiter in a bank in Hangzhou, and later, with the support of Wang Youling, the governor of Zhejiang Province, I started my own Fukang bank. He was rewarded by the imperial court for his meritorious service to Zuo Zongtang, and was awarded the title of Minister of Public Affairs, wearing a red hat, riding a horse in the Forbidden City and wearing a yellow jacket.
In its heyday, Hu Xueyan not only operated money houses, but also engaged in grain, real estate and pawning, and also imported and exported arms and raw silk. Later, he founded the Huqingyutang National Medicine Company, becoming a red-crowned businessman.
Architectural features:
The whole building layout of Hu Xueyan's former residence is compact, the concept is exquisite, the living room and the garden blend together, and the building materials are comparable to the Imperial Palace, which can be described as all materials are precious.
"There is a family heirloom, but it is thick, and there is nothing strange but frankness. As the saying goes, "You can't be rich for three generations", and Hu Xueyan is not even rich for one generation.
from the historical background, the decline of Hu Xueyan is also a tragedy of an era. Calling him a "red-topped businessman" shows that his way to get rich is the collusion of power and money between officials and businessmen. Even if Hu Xueyan can quickly pile up a mountain of wealth, he will inevitably get involved in the dirty political vortex.
In addition, in the middle and late 19th century, western colonists had already opened the door to China, and Hu Xueyan was squeezed by powerful foreign businessmen, so its failure was inevitable. His decline added a bit of tragic color to the times. Lingering in Hu Zhai can't help but be emotional.
From its window light Shui Ying, every tourist can feel different things from different angles, political, economic, cultural and artistic, leaving people with many useful thoughts.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Hu Xueyan's Former Residence
Hu Xueyan's Former Residence
is located in Hu Qingyu Hall in Dajing Lane at the northern foot of Wu Shan, where Hu Xueyan, a "red-top businessman" in the late Qing Dynasty, worked and operated. In the past, every time I went to Hefang Street and passed this Gaotang Courtyard, I had to go in and have a look. Every time I go in, I will add a little admiration to Hu Xueyan, the "King of Jiangnan Medicine". Not to mention the famous stunts, precious medicinal materials and pharmaceutical cultural relics, the imposing manner and ostentation and extravagance of this ancient building complex alone are enough to impress people!
Walking in Hefang Street the other day, I accidentally saw a sign that said "Hu Xueyan's Former Residence". I was surprised and went in. I didn't think about it. I not only saw different scenery in it, but also saw another side of Hu Xueyan that I didn't know before, which really surprised me!
On Hefang Street, less than ten meters away from the Drum Tower, there is a stone path. This is the only ancient stone road in Hang Cheng that has been preserved to this day. It is less than three meters wide. The two ends are convex and the middle is concave, which looks like an ingot. People call it "Yuanbao Street".
"Yuanbao Street" is narrow and short, and the entrance is very inconspicuous; Therefore, this alley has not been found in the past few times.
we walked along the stone road. On the right side of the alley is a flat white wall, which is very high and looks like more than ten meters, separating the inside and the outside into two worlds. On the left side of the alley, there is the courtyard wall of ordinary people's homes. Clusters of ivy and campanula are desperately climbing over the wall and clinging to it. They are the only things that look full of vitality in this alley.
The alley is so quiet that time seems to have stagnated; The 21-meter-long alley is extraordinarily long.
After walking more than 1 meters, a blue door appeared on the white wall, which is the former residence of Hu Xueyan.
In the Yuan Dynasty, "Yuanbao Street" was once the location of the provincial treasure. According to legend, this street can gather wealth from all directions. Hu Xueyan must have been instructed by someone who chose this site to build a house!
it's quiet, secluded, and convenient to gather money. It's really a good place!
The gate is extremely simple, and it is a common Shikumen in the south of the Yangtze River. The blue brick door frame is embedded in the white wall and looks elegant!
when you enter the gate, it is a tall and big gate house; After the gatehouse, it is a spacious sedan chair hall.
The sedan chair hall is the place where guests stop and wait for an interview. The five-bay sedan chair hall is very bright, and there are two halls with eight large sedan chairs.
The materials used in the sedan chair hall are exquisite, and the beams and columns are all precious ginkgo wood. Inside, on two big black pillars, there is a pair of couplets engraved with a golden yellow font, which says, "A family heirloom has a good way, but it is thick, and it is not strange but straightforward"; This "thickness" and "truth" show Hu Xueyan's way of being a man and doing business.
Looking up, I saw five plaques hanging above the high hall. In the middle, the black words on the yellow background were very dazzling, and the book said, "Encourage goodness to become glory".
I look at this plaque carefully and find it strange. It took me a long time to find that the good word "goodness" was missing two points. It turns out that this plaque is the imperial word of the Tongzhi emperor, with two points removed, meaning "endless goodness". -the emperor, after all, is the emperor, always has their profound mystery!
When you walk out of the car hall, you can see the four characters "Xiu De Yanxian" carved on the brick-carved gate of the second door. This four letter word is the family motto of the Hu family: be virtuous and virtuous, have both ability and political integrity, which is Hu Xueyan's greatest hope and requirement for future generations.
There is a small door on the east side of the second door, which is connected by a long corridor. A hole is opened in the gray stone wall where the side door meets the long corridor. The white stone plaque above the lintel is engraved with the sky-blue Chinese character "Zhiyuan".
"Zhiyuan" is on the west side of the central axis of the whole house. There are three pools in the garden, the largest of which is a stone bridge across the pool.
This stone bridge is exquisite. Its two ends are connected with two courtyards. At the highest point in the middle of the bridge, there is an exquisite pavilion, which can be regarded as a real bridge!
The pavilion of pyramidal roof with double eaves and octagons on the bridge is said to have been used by musicians at that time. The pavilion is neither too big nor too small, just right, with eight corners like the wings of a bird, ready to fly!
The pavilion is called "Sunny Pavilion", which is taken from Su Shi's poem "The water is bright and sunny, and the mountains are empty and rainy.".
I stood not far away and looked at this exquisite and unique "sunny and rainy pavilion", and vivid pictures emerged in my mind: a pavilion that is happy when it is sunny and sunny; On rainy days, when the fog is misty, the mysterious pavilion ... I think of the West Lake at this moment, and I think of the sentence "If you want to compare the West Lake with the West Lake, it is always appropriate to apply heavy makeup lightly". Thick makeup and sunny days, light makeup and rainy days seem far-fetched, but no matter how you think about it, you all feel the same!
The pavilions and pavilions are strewn at random, the curved bridges along the waterside pavilion are exquisite and exquisite, the covered bridges turn left and right, and the koi fish in the pool is swarming like a picture of a water town in the south of the Yangtze River!
However, this is Hu Xueyan's garden after all, and it needs more wonders!
After crossing the stone bridge, several holes of different sizes appeared on the stone wall. Into the entrance of the cave, there are four large caves named "Hanging Blue", "Wrinkled Green", "Drip Cui" and "Frequency Dai". In my opinion, this cave is the most natural and primitive landscape in the garden, but it is artificial. Such a large artificial cave is second to none in China.
above the cave is the "Yufeng Building". Su Shi, an "uninhibited school", has a poem saying: "I want to go home by the wind, but I am afraid that the Qionglou is luxurious and the heights are too cold", hence the name "Yufeng Building".
I climbed the "Yufeng Building", but I didn't feel lonely and cold at all. The autumn wind at the end of October gently stroked the trees in the garden, and the trees were covered with golden clothes.
The pavilions, pavilions and bridges in the park are connected by flowing water, cloisters and winding pools. Fish are swimming around in the pool, and the "Qingyu Pavilion" is ready to fly. It's really beautiful!
The most active part is the corner of the yard. The tiles on the roof are like the scales of black carp, and the dark cornices of the house are like the tails of carp. From a height, it seems that a group of carp are competing to jump over the dragon gate!
However, when the house was first built, when you boarded the "Yufeng Building", you saw more than that: the vast Qiantang River in the south, and the Wulin Gate with many tall buildings in the north, with many things like "looking up and looking far, looking around at eight corners" and "looking up at birds and overlooking fish". Dan Lin Yun Fei, green leaves wind Shu "trend!
Next door to Yufeng Building is Shadow Compassion Courtyard. The decoration in the courtyard is completely western-style, and there are mirrors and crystal lamps everywhere, blinking brightly. At the beginning, Hu Xueyan specially arranged it like this to receive foreign guests.
standing on the "Yufeng Building" and looking at the "Yanbitang" opposite, you can see it more clearly.
"Yanbitang" is Hu Xueyan's residence. The building made of mahogany is decorated with red and blue French imported glass, which is solemn but not rigid.
The big stage in front of the big building can best show the status of the owner of the house. Hu Xueyan only needs to open the door or window, so he can watch the drama without going out.
On the first floor of the building, there is a reception room, a western clock and two western vases, which means "lifelong peace". On the second floor is Hu Xueyan's bedroom. It is said that the sweet bed where he sleeps is more precious than the emperor's couch at that time.
Behind "Yanbitang" is "Hundred Lions Garden"; Within the "Hundred Lions Garden", there is the "Hundred Lions Building". Baishilou is named after 1 lion railings made of red sandalwood outside the building. The eyes of 1 lions are all inlaid with gold.
The "Hundred Lions Building" is the main hall of the whole courtyard, just located on the central axis. The first floor is the main place for Hu Xueyan to receive guests and discuss affairs, and the second floor is the residence of Hu Xueyan's mother and first wife. The mahogany round table with a diameter of two meters is said to be the largest mahogany table in Hangzhou.
The four-sided hall and the back garden behind the Hundred Lions Garden are places for Hu Mu and his wife to relax, and aunts are not allowed to enter or leave at will. In the back garden stands the treasure of the Hu family's town house-a Taihu stone shaped like the word "Shou".
Suochun Courtyard, Yixia Courtyard, Xiqiu Hall and Rongdong Courtyard are separated on both sides of the axis, and the twelve-room concubine he called "Twelve Golden Chains" lives in them. The piano room, studio and chess club in the yard are all complete, and the whole Summer Palace is dedicated to playing mahjong.
In the northwest corner of the house, it used to be a barber shop. Hu Xueyan wanted to buy it heavily, but the owner was unmoved because the family business handed down by his ancestors could not be sold to others. Hu Xueyan felt his loyalty and filial piety, so he gave up the idea of buying a barber shop.
In some yards, Hu Xueyan planted eight Zhejiang flavors, such as Wen Yu Jin, Yan Hong Suo and Hang Baiju, which are precious medicinal materials of Hu Qingyutang, the national medicine he opened.
Mrs. Luo Si is Hu Xueyan's favorite concubine, and she is in charge of the finances of the Hu family. The "Zaifutang" where she lived was the most luxurious, and all the building materials and components were made of gold nanmu imported from Nanyang at that time.
Jin Sinan's wood is mild, warm in winter and cool in summer. "Water can't rot, ants can't burrow." It's so valuable that even the emperor cherishes it. The coffins of ancient emperors used gold nanmu, which did not rot for a hundred years. The summer resort built by the Qing emperor in Chengde also used a lot of gold nanmu.
In those days, the Fuzai Hall was made of gold-rimmed nanmu, and the eaves and window edges of doorposts were a veritable "nanmu hall".
Many places in the house show Hu Xueyan's yearning for power: all the gates in the yard are cast with bronze hands and knockers, and the bronze hands hold the gate ring tightly, so you can't help but think of the words "holding the big circle (power)"; In a wall in the yard, there is a gray sculpture inlaid with two grass dragons carved inside.
Everything in the yard has its own silent language: pomegranate tree is the owner's aspiration for more children and more happiness; The seven-hearth stove is a common seven-star stove in large families in the south of the Yangtze River, which means that the seven stars shine high. On the ground, the patterns of gold ingots and copper coins are paved with stones, which means that both wealth and longevity are available; On the side wall of Heletang, the couple and Ming brick carvings symbolize that husband and wife enjoy beauty and * * * enjoy wealth.
The tops of all the high walls in the courtyard are traditional gray sculptures in the south of the Yangtze River. From ordinary people to flowers, birds, insects and fish, the theme is extremely rich!
the magnificent brick-carved gatehouse, exquisite water-milled blue bricks, ancient ginkgo trees, imported colored glass wood carvings, stone carvings, gray sculptures, painted ginkgo, nanmu, rosewood and Nanshan
What is most worth mentioning is the telephone installed in each room (telephone: use copper pipes to transmit sound, and when the master presses the button, the bells in the wives and servants' rooms will jingle. At that time, this kind of communication facility invented by westerners was really rare to be used in private houses!
On more than ten acres of land, there is a Zhi Garden, 13 buildings and 33 houses, which combine Chinese and Western cultures and complement each other. There is no sense of emptiness, and there is no suspicion of crowding. The compact structure and ingenious layout of the building are really rare! The skill of Beijing Royal Garden Designer is really extraordinary!
Hu Xueyan began to be an apprentice in a pharmacy at the age of thirteen. He was kind to Wang Youling, helped Zuo Zongtang recover Xinjiang, set up a bank, set up a pawn shop, opened a grain shop and a medicine shop, engaged in silk business ... and even arranged military industry and water transportation. In just a few years, Hu Xueyan accumulated nearly 2 million taels of silver, becoming the richest man in Qing Dynasty and a generation of officials and businessmen.
In p>1872, when his career was smooth and his life was full of ambition, Hu Xueyan, aged 5, began to build his mansion. It took him three years to build this mansion.
However, after living in this "No.1 Mansion in the South of the Yangtze River" for less than ten years, Hu Xueyan failed to buy raw silk, and the bank was run on again, and finally fell into bankruptcy. This apprentice from the bank, "running broker" buddy to the richest man in the late Qing Dynasty, who was once awarded the title of minister by the court, wore coral from the second-class civilian and wore a yellow jacket, became a "red-topped businessman" who was rich for a while, and died of fear in poverty and illness; At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the achievements and prosperity of a generation of giant businessmen were still like flowers in a tree, and finally they fell with the wind and went down the drain, leaving only endless loneliness and sadness!
Less than 2 years after Hu Xueyan's death, this mansion, which was once built at a cost of 3 million taels of silver, was sold by his children to Li Hongzhang's children's in-laws, the then minister of punishments and Wen Yu, a co-host university student, for 1, taels of silver.
some people say that the decline of the Hu family is due to the missing corner in the northwest of the house; Some people say that it is that.