Question 2: Where is the daughter country in Journey to the West now? The description in The Journey to the West is not entirely fictional-
A beautiful spoony queen, a Zimu River who can have children by drinking the water inside, and the "girl country" described in Journey to the West has left countless illusions for people. Is the "girl country" an ideal paradise created by Wu Cheng'en's wild imagination, or has there really been such a "girl country" in history?
Is the Oriental Daughter Country recorded in historical books the legendary "Daughter Country"?
"The' daughter country' did exist in history, and now some villages have preserved the ancient custom of the' daughter country' to this day." Ren Xinjian said. Ren Xinjian is a researcher at the Institute of History, Sichuan Academy of Social Sciences, and deputy director of Sichuan Kangzang Research Center. After long-term research and on-the-spot investigation, he found that the area from Danba County to daofu county, Ganzi Prefecture, Sichuan Province today is the center of the eastern female country recorded in the Book of Old Tang Dynasty.
Is the Oriental Daughter Country the legendary "Daughter Country"? According to the Book of the Old Tang Dynasty (volume 197) and Biography of Nan Man in Southwest China, "Dongnvguo, also known as Xiqiang, is called Dongnvguo because there is a daughter country in the West Sea. Women are king. It is connected to Maozhou and Tangut in the east, and to Yazhou in the southeast, separated by Luo Nvman and Bai Langyi. Its territory is 9 days from east to west and 22 days from north to south. There are more than 80 large and small cities. "
According to Ren Xinjian's explanation, according to the Book of the Old Tang Dynasty, the journey of the Eastern Women's Country is 22 days from north to south and 9 days from east to west. If you rode 40 kilometers or walked 20 kilometers in the past day, the country of the East Woman will cover 400 kilometers to 800 kilometers from north to south and 180 kilometers to 360 kilometers from east to west.
According to historical records, the buildings in Dongnvguo are towers, with the queen living in a nine-story tower and ordinary people living in a four-or five-story tower. The queen wore a satin dress with a blue fur collar, and the skirt swept the golden flowers all over the floor. The biggest feature of the oriental girl country is that it values girls over boys. Kings and officials are women. A man can't be an official in the imperial court, but can only serve in the military outside. The will of the queen in the palace is conveyed to the outside world through female officials. Oriental daughters have queens and deputy queens, and talented people are recommended within the ethnic group. When the queen died, the deputy queen succeeded to the throne. Generally speaking, the family is dominated by women, and there is no relationship between husband and wife. In the family, the mother is respected. She is in charge of the distribution of family property and dominates all family affairs.
Did the country of oriental women disappear in history?
Old Tang Shu recorded the oriental girl country in great detail, but after the Tang Dynasty, the records of the oriental girl country in history books were almost interrupted. Is it just a flash in the pan?
Ren Xinjian said that during the Xuanzong period of the Tang Dynasty, the relationship between the Tang Dynasty and local governors was good, and local governors expanded from the Yarlung Zangbo River to the Dadu River. However, in the middle of the Tang Dynasty, the relationship between the Tang Dynasty and Tufan became tense. After 100 years of war, the Tang Dynasty gradually recruited some ethnic minorities from Tufan to the mainland. At that time, the Tang Dynasty moved eight ethnic tribes from Minshan Gorge to Dadu River for settlement. Among these eight tribes, there is a tribe led by the Queen of the East Woman Country.
At that time, the Queen of the Oriental Girl Country appeared in front of the court and was awarded the title of "Doctor Yin Qing Guanglu". Although it is a virtual post, it has a high grade, equivalent to the current provincial and ministerial officials. Later, in the late Tang Dynasty, the local governors gradually became powerful and invaded the east of Dadu River many times. The Tang Dynasty organized troops to fight back. In the jagged war, these remaining tribes in the eastern daughter country adopted a two-faced attitude to protect themselves.
Later, the Tang Dynasty gradually declined until it split, and local governors gradually perished. After the collapse of local governors, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau once ruled by them returned to the primitive tribal times. After the split of the Tang Dynasty, there was no unified management. Later, during the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the rule over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was very weak, and there was basically no historical record. It was not until the Qing Dynasty that the toast system was perfected. However, some tribes left behind by the Oriental Daughter Country are influenced by foreign cultures because they are close to the transportation hub. After the Queen's death, they did not retain traditional customs, and gradually evolved into a patriarchal society, while some tribes still lived in deep mountains and valleys, retaining traces of matriarchal society.
Why can the custom of Dongnvguo be preserved to this day?
Ren Xinjian believes that with the development of social process, this area still retains traces of matriarchal society, which is to meet the needs of local production environment. This area is located in the middle of mountains and valleys, with poor production conditions and scarce land and products. If monogamy is practiced, the son will split up and form a small family after marriage, which is simply unbearable for the local economy and the distribution of production materials is not enough. Moreover, it is located in a closed deep mountain canyon, almost isolated from the outside world and not easily influenced by other cultures.
Folklore of College of Literature, Beijing Normal University >>
Question 3: Where is the ancient daughter country now? Lugu Lake, a national scenic spot in Yunnan, China, is known as "the mysterious oriental daughter country" and "the living fossil of human matriarchal clan territory". Lugu Lake is located in Yongning Township in the north of ninglang county and Wanshan Mountain on the left side of Yanyuan County, Sichuan Province, 73 kilometers away from Ninglang County and 280 kilometers away from Lijiang County. Lugu Lake is the boundary lake between Sichuan Province and Yunnan Province. According to the Book of Old Tang Dynasty (volume 197) and Biography of Nan Man in Southwest China, "Dongnvguo, also known as Xiqiang, is called Dongnvguo because there is a daughter country in the West Sea. Women are king. It is connected to Maozhou and Tangut in the east, and to Yazhou in the southeast, separated by Luo Nvman and Bai Langyi. Its territory is 9 days from east to west and 22 days from north to south. There are more than 80 large and small cities. "
Question 4: Where is the former "daughter country" now? In the depths of the white clouds in Jiarong Tibetan area in western Sichuan, an ancient and mysterious mountain, Muldo Mountain, stands proudly. Legend has it that a long time ago, a beautiful phoenix flew to Mount Murdo and was infected by the beautiful scenery on the mountain. Then it became a beautiful and charming beauty in Qian Qian. As a result, the foot of Mount Murdo has become a place where beautiful women are like clouds. Every time I read from The Journey to the West in Wu Cheng'en that "people there are all long skirts and short coats, and they are all women regardless of age ...", the instinct of men always makes me have a strange yearning for this beautiful girl country and the queen who is "as beautiful as jade and as muscular as sheep fat"-is this "girl country" a fantasy world invented by Wu Cheng'en or does it really exist in history? "The legendary daughter country is at the foot of Mount Murdoch." One evening in July, a friend made a long-distance call from Danba, which made me unbearable. So I packed my bags and went to Mount Murdoch day and night. In the Jiarong Plateau in midsummer, the weather is clear, and large areas of sunflowers are in full bloom in fields, roadsides and streams. In the afternoon, the Dadu River was calm and the sun wandered freely in the wilderness. All the scenery is as quiet and mysterious as Mount Murdoch on the horizon. The main peak of Murdo towering into the sky, as if reigning in the world, accepting the worship of the surrounding mountains. According to the records of Mount Modo, there are 108 sacred scenes and more than a thousand scenic spots on Mount Modo. Standing on the top of Moduo Mountain, you can overlook the Jinding of Emei in the east and the Gangdise Snow Mountain in Tibet in the west. Eight silver rivers in the territory, like eight white Hada, are interwoven among 56 beautiful Murdo Mountains. It is said that Muldo Mountain was originally named Geerlong Mountain, and there is a strong and brave young Tibetan named Muldo at the foot of the mountain. Later, he was recruited by the Tubo Dynasty and led an expedition to fight against barbu's invasion and returned home in triumph. In order to admire his bravery, later generations renamed Geerlong Mountain as Moduo Mountain, and built a temple at the foot of the mountain to give him a statue. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Gurkha invaded * * *, and * * * asked Jia Rong to send troops to help. The fighting between Jia Rong's soldiers and Gurkha was fierce. It's hard to win a hundred battles. When the ammunition was exhausted, Jia Rong's officers and men faced their hometown and prayed to the god of Mount Murdo. At this time, a miracle appeared. In the fog, Murdo rode a mule, wore a felt hat and came to the battlefield with a gun and sword. He took sacks out of his arms, dispersed thousands of troops and drove the invaders out. Since then, General Murdo has become the patron saint of Jiarong area. On the tenth day of the seventh lunar month, the birthday of General Murdo, people from all over the country will gather in Murdo Temple to pay homage to General Murdo, make a pilgrimage and make a wish to turn to Murdo. On July 10, this became the annual "General Murdo Meeting" in Jiarong area. I found evidence of the existence of "daughter country" in the city on the top of the rock. Perhaps the scenery of Mount Murdo is so fascinating that we forget the time and the purpose of our trip. It was near dusk when we drove into Danba County. Danba was called Zhanggu in ancient times, which means a city on a rock in Tibetan, so it is also called "the city on the top of a rock" and "the first city on the Dadu River". Because it is located on the plateau and is the place where many mountains and rivers gather and originate, since ancient times, Danba has always been covered with snow on the top of the mountain, with lush trees on the mountainside and sparkling Haizi at the foot of the mountain. Before I went to Danba, I had long heard that the girls here were dignified in appearance, elegant in temperament and beautiful. They are descendants of the ancient Xixia royal family, with noble royal blood flowing in their blood. After the Xixia Dynasty was destroyed by the Mongolian army, a large number of imperial relatives and concubines from the distant Ningxia went all the way south along the Gannan and Aba grasslands, and finally stayed in Danba, a land of feng shui. When the village houses at the foot of the mountain floated smoke, the red sun finally fell along the mountain. Walking in the empty and narrow streets, a sense of loss comes to mind: where is this like the legendary "red-faced beauty country"? In the evening, my friends in Danba Cultural Palace swept away my loss: "The daughter country does exist." According to him, in the Tang Dynasty, Tubo people and Tang people called the tribes living around Motuo Mountain Gamo Chavarong. Gamo Tibetan means Empress, Empress or Shen Fei, which is the name of "East Daughter Country" by Tibetans in the Tang Dynasty. Chavalin refers to the valley, which together means the valley of the queen. The present Danba Jiarong Tibetan area was the abbreviation of Gamo Chavarong. At that time, the king of the girl country, Dongnvguo, was a Danba beauty, and now all the beauties in Danba Beauty Valley have the blood of the queen. The ancient capital site of Dongnvguo, which mysteriously disappeared in history, is located in Danba Middle Road Township. I am almost tortured by altitude sickness ... >>
Question 5: Which country is the daughter country of Journey to the West? On the way to the Western Heaven in the daughter country, most of the sufferings of Tang Priest's disciples came from monsters, but one place was the temptation of beautiful women. This is the daughter country that tests the Tang Priest. Journey to the West describes the daughter country as "the world is overcast and sunny, farmers are all women, and fishermen and firewood are all dressed in red". Daughter country is an ancient matriarchal society, and there are still remains in Danba, Sichuan and Lugu Lake, Yunnan. But the "girl country" in The Journey to the West does not refer to these two places, because the route of Tang Priest's scriptures starts from Shaanxi and enters Xinjiang via Gansu. According to textual research, the daughter country mentioned in the book is located in Kuqa, Xinjiang. Kuqa, called Qiuci in ancient times, is an important city on the Silk Road. The soil and water here are good, and it is a place for beautiful women. The legendary Zimu River is now the Kuqa River. Of course, drinking river water can only make you pregnant.
-Excerpted from the report of "Journey of Discovery"
Question 6: Where is the daughter country in The Journey to the West now? When it comes to the "girl country", people may think of the "girl country" in The Journey to the West, where women can get pregnant after drinking spring water. It was in Xinjiang. No one would have thought that Qinghai had a "daughter country" at the earliest. This "girl country" is more real than the "girl country" in The Journey to the West. /kloc-part of the territory of Qinghai 0/300 years ago: near Guoluo, Qinghai (the birthplace of the Yellow River) was under the jurisdiction of the daughter country. In the upper reaches of the Yellow River, the culture of 670 million years ago was discovered in Laiyihai Township, Guinan, Qinghai. Laiyihai culture belongs to the Mesolithic Age, when the social form was in the early stage of matriarchal clan commune. Painted pottery is the most unearthed in the upper reaches of the Yellow River in Gan Qing. From the ancient culture of Gan Qing, we can see such a scene of matriarchal society: female chiefs lead women to light bonfires and welcome men who come back from hunting. According to legend, Zhou Muwang not only visited the Yellow Emperor Palace in Kunlun Mountain, Qinghai Province, but also went to the stone room near Qinghai Lake in the West Sea to meet the matriarchal clan leader, the Empress Dowager. On the misty Yaochi, Zhou Muwang promised to meet again in three years! I wonder if this is the predecessor of the "daughter country". However, there is another saying that the "daughter country" moved from Guqingtang (Xining). The woman's name is Supi, the queen is Dawa, and her husband is Jin Ju. She used to be a tribe of Qiang nationality, but now she has been integrated into Tibetans and other ethnic groups. First lived in the source of Qinghai, then moved to * * * and gradually expanded its territory around Luodian (* * *) to become a big country. Their territory is bordered by Khotan (Yutian in the southwest of Xinjiang) in the north, Tubo (Shannan in the south) in the south, Tianzhu (India) in the west and Mi Duo (Tongtianhe in Qinghai) in the northeast. It is really a big country standing in the clouds of many small countries and tribes. I don't know if soapy's daughter country is the last freeze of matriarchal society. In 586 AD, the "girl country" sent envoys to pay tribute to Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty, and Sui Shu was called the "girl country". In this country, the national government is run by the queen and the little queen, and men just fight and don't participate in political affairs. Supi has two capitals, Queen Dajiawa in Nianka Ningbo (present-day Shigatse area), and Little Queen abandoned Bangsun in Junnabao Village (* * * Heyuan area). This place is more than one hundred miles away from the present * * *. Today's * * area was called Matang at that time, which was only the place where the Queen's people grazed. At the beginning of the 7th century, the little queen Supi annexed the queen's territory, and some nobles refused to accept it. They colluded with the three treasures of Tubo in the south, which provided an opportunity for the more advanced Tubo to destroy Su Pi. Tubo is the ancient Tibetan regime in China and the ancestor of Tibetans now. Founded on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the 7th-9th century, it is a slavery regime developed by the tribal alliance headed by the Yalong River agricultural tribe in Shannan region. The development of agricultural tribes in Yalong River may be related to the advanced technology brought to Hehuang by the descendants of Qiang people in Qinghai. Tubo used to be a tribe of Qiang people and moved to * * earlier, so people's living conditions are naturally better. Today's Nanqiong area. From the eighth Tubo Chuangpu (the leader of Tubo) at the end of the fifth century, silver, copper and iron were obtained by smelting ores; He also made a wooden plow, used the power of cattle to reclaim valley plains for farming, and diverted water for irrigation, and began to have agriculture. By 28 Zampa, with the improvement of agriculture, the construction of water conservancy and the connection between pasture and farmland, the national strength was booming. By the thirtieth Zampa, cattle and mules were mixed, hay was accumulated at a fixed price, and animal husbandry began to develop. Just then, civil strife broke out in Supi. By praising Shannon, the 31st Zampa of Tubo swore an oath to the aristocrats who resisted Su Pi, and personally led 10,000 elite soldiers to cross the Yarlung Zangbo River and attack the Runan fortress. Since then, Supi territory has been occupied by Tubo. Because of this victory, he was honored as Langri Lunzan, which means "politics is higher than the sky, and helmets are stronger than mountains". Some traitors of Su Pi made great contributions, and were granted a large number of slaves and land by Langri Theory, becoming important ministers of Tubo. Langri praised the reuse of these new ministers, which caused dissatisfaction among the old ministers. In Langri's later years, some old ministers defected, and sheep (also known as Xiangxiong in Ali today), Dabu, Ministry of Industry, Gnambault and other countries and the remnants of Su Pi and Sun Bo attacked from all sides. Langri Lunzan was later poisoned by traitors. At this time, the rise and fall of Tubo is a matter of life and death, and a great figure in the history of * * * appeared, Songzan Gambu. It was Songzan Gambu who completed the great cause of reunification and married Princess Tang Wencheng. There are many beautiful legends about the "girl country" in Su Pi and the "girl country" in The Journey to the West. There are no men in the "girl country" in Journey to the West, and a woman can get pregnant with a sip of spring water. The story of the "girl country" in Qinghai is more exciting than this: it is said that the "girl country" at the beginning is also the same as that ... >>
Question 7: Where is the daughter country? Lugu Lake, a national scenic spot known as "the mysterious oriental daughter country" and "the living fossil of human matriarchal clan territory", is not only picturesque and dreamy, but also famous for its ancient and primitive social form and unique, simple and unique customs. Tens of thousands of Mosuo people, who live by the lake, still live in a matriarchal clan family with women as the axis and live a married life in Axiu, which is incredible to outsiders who are about to enter the 2 1 century, and it is indeed confusing and full of mysterious temptations.
The Tang Priest's daughter country is in Xinjiang. No one would have thought that Qinghai had a "daughter country" at the earliest. This "girl country" is more real than the "girl country" in The Journey to the West. /kloc-part of the territory of Qinghai 0/300 years ago: near Guoluo, Qinghai (the birthplace of the Yellow River) was under the jurisdiction of the daughter country. In the upper reaches of the Yellow River, the culture of 670 million years ago was discovered in Laiyihai Township, Guinan, Qinghai. Laiyihai culture belongs to the Mesolithic Age, when the social form was in the early stage of matriarchal clan commune. Painted pottery is the most unearthed in the upper reaches of the Yellow River in Gan Qing. From the ancient culture of Gan Qing, we can see such a scene of matriarchal society: female chiefs lead women to light bonfires and welcome men who come back from hunting. According to legend, Zhou Muwang not only visited the Yellow Emperor Palace in Kunlun Mountain, Qinghai Province, but also went to the stone room near Qinghai Lake in the West Sea to meet the matriarchal clan leader, the Empress Dowager. On the misty Yaochi, Zhou Muwang promised to meet again in three years! I wonder if this is the predecessor of the "daughter country". However, there is another saying that the "daughter country" moved from Guqingtang (Xining). The woman's name is Supi, the queen is Dawa, and her husband is Jin Ju. She used to be a tribe of Qiang nationality, but now she has been integrated into Tibetans and other ethnic groups. First lived in the source of Qinghai, then moved to * * * and gradually expanded its territory around Luodian (* * *) to become a big country. Their territory is bordered by Khotan (Yutian in the southwest of Xinjiang) in the north, Tubo (Shannan in the south) in the south, Tianzhu (India) in the west and Mi Duo (Tongtianhe in Qinghai) in the northeast. It is really a big country standing in the clouds of many small countries and tribes. I don't know if soapy's daughter country is the last freeze of matriarchal society. In 586 AD, the "girl country" sent envoys to pay tribute to Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty, and Sui Shu was called the "girl country". In this country, the national government is run by the queen and the little queen, and men just fight and don't participate in political affairs. Supi has two capitals, Queen Dajiawa in Nianka Ningbo (present-day Shigatse area), and Little Queen abandoned Bangsun in Junnabao Village (* * * Heyuan area). This place is more than one hundred miles away from the present * * *. Today's * * area was called Matang at that time, which was only the place where the Queen's people grazed. At the beginning of the 7th century, the little queen Supi annexed the queen's territory, and some nobles refused to accept it. They colluded with the three treasures of Tubo in the south, which provided an opportunity for the more advanced Tubo to destroy Su Pi. Tubo is the ancient Tibetan regime in China and the ancestor of Tibetans now. Founded on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the 7th-9th century, it is a slavery regime developed by the tribal alliance headed by the Yalong River agricultural tribe in Shannan region. The development of agricultural tribes in Yalong River may be related to the advanced technology brought to Hehuang by the descendants of Qiang people in Qinghai. Tubo used to be a tribe of Qiang people and moved to * * earlier, so people's living conditions are naturally better. Today's Nanqiong area. From the eighth Tubo Chuangpu (the leader of Tubo) at the end of the fifth century, silver, copper and iron were obtained by smelting ores; He also made a wooden plow, used the power of cattle to reclaim valley plains for farming, and diverted water for irrigation, and began to have agriculture. By 28 Zampa, by improving agriculture, building water conservancy projects and connecting pastures with farmland, China's national strength became stronger and stronger. By the thirtieth Zampa, cattle and mules were mixed, hay was accumulated at a fixed price, and animal husbandry began to develop. Just then, civil strife broke out in Supi. Zamba, the 31st Tubo, swore an oath to the nobles who resisted Su Pi by praising Shannon, and personally took 10,000 elite soldiers across the Yarlung Zangbo River to attack the Runan Castle. Since then, Supi territory has been occupied by Tubo. Because of this victory, he was honored as Langri Lunzan, which means "politics is higher than the sky, and helmets are stronger than mountains". Some traitors of Su Pi made great contributions, and were granted a large number of slaves and land by Langri Theory, becoming important ministers of Tubo. Langri praised the reuse of these new ministers, which caused dissatisfaction among the old ministers. In Langri's later years, some old ministers defected, including Yangtong (also known as Xiangxiong in Ali today), Dabu, Ministry of Industry, Gnambault and other countries, and Sun Bo, the remnant force of Su Pi, rose in all directions ... >>
Question 8: Does the ancient daughter country belong to the Tang Dynasty? A: Of course.
On the way to the Western Heaven, most of the sufferings of Tang Priest and his disciples came from monsters, but one place was the temptation of beautiful women. This is the daughter country that tests the Tang Priest. Journey to the West describes the daughter country as "the world is overcast and sunny, farmers are all women, and fishermen and firewood are all dressed in red". Daughter country is an ancient matriarchal society, and there are still remains in Danba, Sichuan and Lugu Lake, Yunnan. But the "girl country" in The Journey to the West does not refer to these two places, because the route of Tang Priest's scriptures starts from Shaanxi and enters Xinjiang via Gansu. According to textual research, the daughter country mentioned in the book is located in Kuqa, Xinjiang. Kuqa, called Qiuci in ancient times, is an important city on the Silk Road. The soil and water here are good, and it is a place for beautiful women. The legendary Zimu River is now the Kuqa River, so this girl country naturally belongs to the jurisdiction of the Tang Dynasty. Of course, drinking river water can only make you pregnant.
Question 9: Which country does the Tang Priest's daughter country refer to? Enthusiastic netizens go to the West to learn from their daughters. Most of the sufferings of Tang Priest's master and disciples come from monsters, but there is one place that is the temptation of beautiful women. This place is the daughter country that put Tang Priest to the test. Journey to the West describes the daughter country as "the world is overcast and sunny, farmers are all women, and fishermen and firewood are all dressed in red". Daughter country is an ancient matriarchal society, and there are still remains in Danba, Sichuan and Lugu Lake, Yunnan. But the "girl country" in The Journey to the West does not refer to these two places, because the route of Tang Priest's scriptures starts from Shaanxi and enters Xinjiang via Gansu. According to textual research, the daughter country mentioned in the book is located in Kuqa, Xinjiang. Kuqa, called Qiuci in ancient times, is an important city on the Silk Road. The soil and water here are good, and it is a place for beautiful women. The legendary Zimu River is now the Kuqa River. Of course, drinking river water can only make you pregnant.
Question 10: How many daughter countries were there in ancient China? There seems to be one in Xinjiang.