1 clarify the guiding ideology and grasp the key points of work.
According to China's national conditions and the characteristics of Guangzhou pumped-storage power station, in addition to adhering to the spirit of fairness and justice, we also pay special attention to the combination of supervision and help, and put forward the supervision policy of "supervision, management, coordination, help and service", which has formed the guiding ideology of engineering construction supervision with the characteristics of Guangzhou pumped-storage power station. Defining the responsibilities and scope of work of project supervision requires comprehensive supervision and management of project progress, investment and safety in addition to quality supervision. At the same time, it is fully aware that the focus of construction supervision is on the site, and it is emphasized that supervisors should often go deep into the site. For key lines or important engineering projects, follow-up supervision should also be implemented to find and coordinate the problems and contradictions in engineering construction in time.
2 advocate balanced production and civilized construction.
In the construction of hydropower projects in China, there is a common phenomenon of rushing to schedule and engaging in surprise attacks, but insufficient attention is paid to balanced production and civilized construction. There are two main reasons: first, the project was launched hastily and the construction period was urgent; Second, poor management, poor planning, loose before appearing, tight after appearing. The first phase project of Guangxu Power Station is very urgent, because the power grid requires joint operation with Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station and put into operation at the same time, and there is no preparation for construction. The second phase of the project is carried out after the completion of the first phase, and the preliminary work of the project construction (internal and external transportation, water supply and power supply, communication, temporary facilities, etc.). ) is enough. The upper and lower reservoirs and water inlet and outlet projects have been completed, especially the power grid's requirements for power plant commissioning time are relatively loose. Therefore, all parties in engineering construction seized this favorable factor and put forward the goal of balanced production and civilized construction at the beginning of construction.
2. 1 Insist on seeking truth from facts and determine a reasonable construction period. It took 49 months from the start of the first phase project of Guang Hydropower Station to the reliable operation of 1 unit. Due to the favorable conditions of the second phase of the project, if the progress is made at all costs, the construction period should be shorter than that of the first phase, but it is not necessarily the most reasonable. Reasonable time limit for a project should consider all kinds of factors comprehensively, and it can only be determined after repeated calculation and analysis. The benefit of pumped storage power station mainly lies in meeting the demand of peak shaving and valley filling of power grid, pumping water with surplus power when the power grid load is low, and generating electricity to supplement the power generation capacity of power grid when the load is high. For Guangdong Power Grid, the first phase of Guangzhou Power Storage has been put into production, which has relatively relieved the peak and valley pressure of the power grid. In addition, since 1994, the national economy has implemented macro-control and a moderately tight financial policy. Guangdong's power demand grew slowly for a period of time, while power supply construction developed steadily. Therefore, the power grid has no strict requirements on the commissioning date of the second phase of the project, and the benefits of early commissioning are not great. On the contrary, excessively shortening the construction period will lead to an increase in project investment, which is mainly due to the following reasons: (1) Capital cost refers to the price paid by enterprises to obtain and use funds, including financing cost and user fee, of which user fee is the main part. Financing expenses refer to the expenses incurred for obtaining funds, such as the expenses paid by enterprises for obtaining loans. Expenses refer to the expenses paid by enterprises due to the use of funds in the process of production, operation and investment, such as loan interest. Therefore, if we unilaterally pursue the construction progress, it will inevitably increase the initial investment, which will lead to an increase in the interest on loan songs during the construction period. (2) The comprehensive input of manpower, equipment and materials will inevitably lead to a certain scale and type of projects requiring reasonable labor input, and the actual input is greater than or less than this input, which will lead to the increase of engineering labor costs. Too much emphasis on the high speed of construction will inevitably lead to uneven production, increased construction personnel and increased labor costs during peak hours. Similarly, more construction equipment is needed during the peak period, and the investment in fixed assets for purchasing equipment increases. Moreover, after the peak period of construction, the equipment is idle, which leads to the increase of machine-shift expenses and import and export expenses. In addition, due to the large increase of materials needed in peak period, the material inventory will inevitably increase, which will not only occupy working capital, but also increase material loss. (3) Temporary facilities such as living, entertainment facilities, office facilities, production facilities, etc. (such as steel bar processing factory, concrete prefabricated component factory, steel pipe processing factory, etc.). ), equipment and materials warehouses and stacking sites will inevitably increase due to the increase of personnel, equipment and materials used in temporary construction, resulting in the increase of temporary facilities. On the basis of full argumentation, it is determined that the second phase project 1 unit will generate electricity at the end of 1998, and the construction period is 5 1.5 months, which is slightly longer than the first phase project and is at a reasonable advanced level at home and abroad. Because the reasonable construction period is determined, it creates conditions for balanced production and avoids general construction wars. Take the peak construction workers as an example, there are about 4,000 people in the first phase and 200 people in the second phase 1.200, which is 70% less than that in the first phase.
2.2 Advocate civilized construction and improve the production environment. In addition to striving for balanced production, the second phase of the project also pays special attention to civilized construction. During excavation construction, concrete pavement should be sprayed with the excavation, and the working face in the permanent cavern where concrete pavement cannot be poured should be leveled at any time. All kinds of wind, water and electricity pipelines used in construction are arranged neatly along the walls of 30 caves, and the construction site is well drained, well lit and well ventilated. Improve construction conditions, facilitate vehicle traffic, reduce vehicle tire wear and improve production efficiency. At the same time, it is beneficial to the health of construction workers, and can deal with unsafe factors in time, eliminate hidden dangers of accidents and improve the level of safe production. In addition, it also plays an important role in ensuring the safe and complete operation of Guangzhou pumped storage power plant and environmental protection of pumped storage power plant as a new tourist attraction.
3. Strengthen contract management and control project cost.
3. 1 Formulate quotation principles and standardize project quotation. Due to the particularity of the second phase project, competitive bidding was not adopted in the construction contract, but exclusive negotiations were held with the 14th Engineering Bureau of China Water Resources and Hydropower, which contracted the first phase project. In order to ensure the smooth progress of contract negotiation and the effectiveness of investment control, before signing the construction contract, an agreement was signed with the construction contractor (the second-phase project quotation principle) as the basis for the whole project negotiation and contract price formulation. The Quotation Principle comprehensively stipulates the compilation basis, basic unit price (including labor, materials, wind, construction water and electricity, sand and gravel), charging standard and price difference adjustment method, temporary works and other expenses. According to the agreement, the "quotation principle" and the unit price or total price of the single project contract formulated according to the "quotation principle" will not be modified or adjusted during the execution of the second phase contract. Both parties confirm that on the premise that Party B fully completes the specified tasks according to the contract requirements, it will handle the problem in the spirit of adhering to contract management and seeking truth from facts; In line with the principle of not modifying the budget estimate to make the construction unit have a reasonable profit, the two parties shall negotiate to deal with the specific problems that occur during the performance of the contract.
3.2 Strictly implement the contract, effectively reduce the investment, and pay special attention to the contract management of the second phase project. In the stage of contract negotiation, in addition to adhering to the spirit of "quotation principle", we should also determine a reasonable contract price according to the specific conditions of the project. The terms of the contract should be detailed and comprehensive, clarify the rights and responsibilities of both parties, and avoid ambiguity. Through the efforts of all parties, the contract management of the second phase of the project has reached a new level than that of the first phase, and both parties can reach an understanding of the relevant issues of the contract. Most of the project settlement business is handled directly by the contract management departments of all parties through consultation, instead of being solved by the leaders of all units in an unconventional way, which saves a lot of time and energy and effectively controls the project cost.
3.3 to do a good job of reporting T change, establish the prestige of supervision. The monthly progress report of the construction unit can only be used as the basis for payment after being reviewed and signed by the supervisor. The project supervisor strictly controls the inspection. According to the data measured or sampled by the supervisor at the site and the engineering quantity provided by the construction unit and verified by the supervisor, and in accordance with the relevant provisions of the contract, a comprehensive and serious review was carried out, which not only safeguarded the interests of the owner, but also improved the prestige of the supervision unit. For projects that have not signed a construction contract or work beyond the scope of the contract, although the amount authorized by the owner is less than 200,000 yuan, the project supervisor has the right to decide, but except for projects with a small workload, the supervisor usually reports to the owner and implements it after approval, which is very helpful for strengthening communication with the owner. In addition, under the premise of maintaining the contract principle and meeting the design requirements, the project supervisor treats the interests of both parties fairly, promotes the understanding and trust of both parties, and completes the project construction with one heart and one mind.
4. Implement comprehensive supervision to ensure the project quality.
Quality is the life of an enterprise, especially in recent years, domestic construction engineering quality accidents have occurred from time to time. Therefore, ensuring project quality is the focus of construction supervision. The supervision of Guangzhou storage project adopts a comprehensive and whole-process quality control method in three stages: before, during and after. For important key projects such as crane beam on the rock wall of underground powerhouse, reinforced concrete high-pressure bifurcated pipe, inclined shaft, tailrace tunnel at the entrance and exit of reservoir, the supervisor implements all-weather on-site duty system to track the whole construction process. Taking the crane beam on the rock wall of the underground powerhouse as an example, the engineering quality control measures adopted by the engineering supervision mainly include:
4. 1 quality control before construction of pre-control project is the key to ensure the quality of the project. Before the construction of crane beam on rock wall, the project supervisor strictly examines the construction organization design submitted by the construction unit, implements various construction measures, and strictly examines and implements personnel, equipment, materials, construction technology and construction methods. At the same time, together with the construction unit, in view of the possible problems in the construction process, formulate corresponding emergency measures and solutions.
4.2 Controlling the quality supervision in the construction process is the key point of engineering quality control. In the concrete construction of crane beam on rock wall, there are mainly: (l) acceptance of warehouse surface. Before concrete construction, the construction unit should pass the three-level self-inspection and report to the project supervisor for the final inspection visa before pouring concrete; (2) Check all preparations before opening the warehouse; (3) After pouring concrete, the supervisor shall follow up and supervise the site for 24 hours, and coordinate and solve the problems in the construction process in time. Such as controlling the slump of concrete entering the warehouse, supervising the proper vibration of concrete, taking samples as test pieces according to the requirements of specifications, and handling the construction interruption caused by special circumstances. (4) After concrete pouring is completed, do a good job of concrete curing.
4.3 After the event, when the concrete curing reaches the specified age, the formwork shall be removed and the project supervisor shall go to the site for inspection. According to the results of field sampling test and appearance inspection, the quality of concrete is comprehensively evaluated, and the construction unit is required to deal with those that do not meet the design standards. According to the results of field inspection and sampling test, the crane beam concrete on the rock wall is uniform, dense and regular in appearance. The qualified rate of concrete strength is 100%, the guarantee rate is %.5%, and the deviation coefficient cv is 0.16, and the quality is good.
5. According to the schedule management, ensure that the second-phase power generation project is carried out as scheduled.
It is planned to generate electricity at the end of 1998, and the construction period is still urgent, which requires the concerted efforts of all parties involved in the project construction, Qi Xin. In terms of schedule management, project supervision focuses on the following work:
5. 1 Review and adjustment of the total project schedule Carefully review the total project schedule reported by the construction unit, pay special attention to the planning arrangement of key line projects, and put forward the optimization scheme according to the actual situation. When making the construction progress plan, under the premise of meeting the overall goal of the construction period, try to achieve balanced production and achieve the purpose of saving the project cost. For example, the installation of the main mechanical and electrical equipment in the workshop is arranged after the basic completion of civil engineering, which is extremely beneficial to reduce the interference between civil engineering and installation construction, speed up the installation construction progress and improve the installation quality.
5.2 Decomposition and implementation of the total project schedule The total project schedule is divided into annual plan, quarterly plan, monthly plan and weekly plan, with weekly plan ensuring monthly plan and monthly plan ensuring quarterly plan, and so on, and the implementation is checked at different levels. Pay special attention to the completion of the project plan on the key line. If the plan is not completed in a certain month due to special circumstances, measures must be taken to catch up next month to ensure the realization of the overall progress plan.
5.3 In order to speed up the progress of the project and create conditions for completing the construction tasks as planned, the project supervisor actively cooperates with the construction unit. In addition to on-site inspection and on-call acceptance, the all-weather tracking and supervision system is also implemented for key projects, so that the problems encountered in the construction process can be solved as soon as possible.
6 implement safety first and do a good job in safety supervision.
The second phase of Guangzhou Regulation and Storage Project is mainly underground engineering, with a large number of underground caverns, large cross-section and long distance, criss-crossing from top to bottom, especially inclined tunnels such as inclined shafts, high-voltage cable tunnels and tailrace surge shafts, upstream and downstream surge shafts, and tailrace tunnels near the entrance and exit of the lower reservoir, which have high technical requirements and great construction difficulties, and are also the places most prone to accidents. The project supervisor adheres to the policy of "safety first, prevention first" and does a good job in safety. The main measures are:
6. 1 Establish and improve the safety production system In order to strengthen the leadership of safety work, a safety production leading group composed of leaders of engineering construction units was established; The construction unit shall set up a three-level safety management organization of ZuoYeDui, Company and Sub-bureau, equipped with full-time safety officers; Engineering supervision is equipped with safety engineers, establish and improve the safety production management system, and formulate rules and regulations with the responsibility system for safety production as the core.
6.2 Strengthen safety inspection and make safety prediction (1) During the excavation of underground engineering, a geological prediction team was set up, which was composed of leaders of relevant units and engineers and technicians with rich experience in underground engineering construction. By observing and checking the geological conditions after excavation, the stability of surrounding rock, fault alteration zone and loose dangerous rock is analyzed and predicted, and the guiding opinions on handling hidden dangers of accidents are put forward for decision-making by relevant parties. (2) During the excavation of underground powerhouse, a leading group of shotcrete and anchor support was specially set up to go deep into the site and optimize the design of shotcrete and anchor support of powerhouse according to the actual situation after excavation. (3) Pay special attention to the safety production of key parts and implement the rectification system for potential safety hazards within a time limit; Strengthen on-site safety coordination; Regular or irregular safety inspection; Hold regular safety production meetings and carry out safety production appraisal activities, so that safety production is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. These measures have played a great role in the construction of the second phase project.
7. Do a good job in design supervision and improve design quality.
According to the supervision contract, the work of project supervision includes design supervision in addition to construction supervision. All engineering construction design drawings shall take effect after being examined and sealed by the engineering supervisor, and shall be distributed to relevant units by the supervisor. At the same time, the project supervisor is responsible for organizing the design unit and the construction unit to make technical disclosure in time, and seriously carry out the blue prints.the design. For example, in view of the phenomenon that the underground powerhouse vibrates greatly during the operation of the power plant units in the first phase, the project supervisor put forward some improvement measures for the design of the underground powerhouse in the second phase, such as thickening the reinforced concrete of each floor of the powerhouse, rigidly connecting the reinforced concrete of each floor of the powerhouse frame with the surrounding rock, and adopting the integral reinforced concrete foundation for the ball valve, which was affirmed by the owner and adopted by the design unit.
8 conclusion
So far, the second phase project of Guangxu Power Station has made remarkable achievements in investment control, quality assurance, schedule management and safety production, and the project supervisor has made great contributions to this, which has been affirmed and praised by the owners.
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