1. Draw a thatched cottage at the left end of the picture first. There are tall trees and beautiful flowers on the top of the house, and hard stones on the right side of the house.
2. Draw crops in front of the house, draw water on the right side of the crops, and draw grass on the right side of the water to enrich the picture.
3. Draw a high mountain at the top of the picture, which has a feeling of overlapping peaks, so that the line draft of the poem is completed.
4. Start coloring. The background at the top of the picture is painted blue, plants and mountains are painted green, water is painted blue, houses and land are painted in different colors, and poems are written in the blank space. Mr. Hu Huyin's wall poem is a simple and beautiful picture.
The Book of Mr. Hu Yinbi, written by Wang Anshi (Song Dynasty)
The eaves are long and clean without moss, and flowers and trees are planted by hand. One water protects the field and surrounds the green, and two mountains send green.
Mr. Yin's wall in Shuhu Lake: The courtyard of the thatched cottage is often cleaned, so clean that there is no moss. Flowers, trees, rows and ridges are all planted by the owner himself. A small river outside the courtyard protects the farmland and surrounds it; Two big mountains open doors to give people green.
Appreciation of Mr. Hu Yin's wall: These two poems are engraved on the wall of Mr. Hu Yin's house, and the first one is very famous. The allusion of this poem is very subtle, and readers don't know the content of the allusion, which doesn't prevent them from understanding the main idea of the poem. However, the profound and interesting meaning of this poem needs to know the source of allusions in order to understand it more deeply.
The first two sentences of the first song are about the scenery of Yang's courtyard, the first sentence is about the neatness of the courtyard, and the second sentence is about the beauty of the courtyard. The last two sentences are about the natural environment around Yangjia. This poem describes the beauty of Mr. Hu Yin's courtyard and environment, and also praises Mr. Hu Yin's good character and noble taste of loving thrift, cleanliness, flowers and trees, and natural landscapes.
Wang Anshi's personal profile: Wang Anshi, Chinese character,No. Mid-Levels, named Jing Guogong. The world also calls the king. Han nationality, a native of Yanfuling, Linchuan, Northern Song Dynasty, was an outstanding politician, thinker, writer and reformer in ancient China, and one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. Ouyang Xiu praised Wang Anshi, "There are 3,000 romantic poems in Hanlin and 200 articles in the official department.
Self-pity is still there when you are old, so who is competing with your son? Collected works handed down from ancient times include Wang Linchuan Collection, Linchuan Collection and Mr. Linchuan Collection. Most of his works are collected in Wang Linchuan's Collection. His poems are very good in all aspects. Although there are not many words, he is also good at them, including "Cinnamomum cassia" and other famous works.
Four elements How to draw illustrations is inseparable from these elements: plants, animals, people and still life. They are just like words that need to be mastered before learning to write an article or words that need to be accumulated before learning a foreign language. To create a complete illustration plays a decisive role in mastering these elements. Let's share with you the painting skills of these four elements: plants, animals, people and still life:
First, draw plants.
There are many kinds and shapes of plants in nature, but in illustration, they are nothing more than a few big basic shapes. Take the pine tree as an example, the needles of the pine tree radiate outward around a point, and finally form a fan-shaped outline, which can be summarized by a fan in flower arrangement.
Therefore, if we want to draw a lifelike pine tree, our first step is to draw a fan. However, it should be noted that since it is an abstract creation, it is impossible to completely copy all the structures you see. In the process of drawing, it is necessary to artistically process and transform the conventional sector to make it artistic, such as lengthening the sector, erasing sharp corners and erasing some missing corners with an eraser.
When it comes to coloring, we should also pay attention to the difference between illustration and food. The pine leaves we see in real life are often the same color and lush, but when it comes to illustrations, don't color them like this. Colors need to be selected in the same color system, but there must be a combination of shades and excesses. This way, the illustrations have a sense of hierarchy.
It's the same when we draw the torso. Maybe the physical picture we refer to is a straight trunk, but when we draw, we can draw the trunk as curved, beautiful and more artistic. This change will make the shape of the whole tree more tense and infectious.
Second, the drawing of animals.
Animal illustration is the most common theme, and the most widely used places are picture books and children's books. Compared with sparse and ordinary real pictures, vivid and interesting animal illustrations can arouse children's interest in reading, because animal illustrations can enhance the affinity of pictures and make readers feel more cordial, whether as the theme of pictures or as auxiliary elements.
Try to imagine that children open a picture book, and the fish with scales in it is actually more pleasing to the eye, or is it easier for children to immerse themselves in colorful and colorful fish? Think with your toes, it must be an illustration version! (The popular science book says otherwise, which is beyond the scope of discussion. )
Let's see how the illustrated version of a small fish is drawn:
Observing the shape of a real fish first, it is not difficult to find that the fish's body structure is a spindle with a wide middle and two pointed ends. Then we can start painting. First find the spindle in the toolbar, draw the spindle, and then adjust it to what you want. It can be painted flat or round.
Then add eyes, mouth, fins, fish scales and so on. Based on this adjusted spindle shape. These elements, like spindles, can also be exaggerated and deformed as long as they are beautiful.
The requirements of color matching are similar to those of plants, mainly the gradual change of color and the filling of saturation. But unlike plants, the eyes of animals are the essence, and the eyes of smart illustrators must be able to talk, so don't forget to deepen the color above the eyes and draw pupils, white highlights and a little reflection in the middle of the eyes to achieve vivid visual effects of illustrations.
Third, the characterization of characters.
Speaking of figure drawing, this is the part I care about most at present. Different from the strict structural modeling of traditional painting, illustration pays more attention to the personality and interest of the picture, as does the character modeling.
Draw a square first, then cut out the outline of the circular head inside the square (the circle can be adjusted appropriately), and then draw a cross reference line inside the circle. Through this reference line, we can easily determine the height of the eyes and the position of the nose, and also ensure that the two sides of the head are roughly symmetrical.
After completing the above steps, you can fill the five senses such as eyes, nose and mouth for this role. Finally, through different hairstyles, this character can evolve into a naughty boy, a cute little girl, or a drooling baby. ......
That's what it's like to draw children. In fact, it is similar to painting an adult woman, man and old man, with tens of thousands of steps. Mainly by adjusting the head contour, modifying the facial features and hairstyle, men, women and children of different shapes can be transformed to draw beautiful women, and lipstick color and exquisite hairstyle can also be added. Draw elites in the workplace, you can draw suit glasses; When painting the old man, you can draw the hair thinly, and the color on the picture is gray. ......
Male figure can be based on quadrilateral and then adjusted; Women's figure is more graceful than men's, and a simple quadrangle is not enough to summarize women's curves, so we can cut the shoulders and waist appropriately in a rectangular outline.
After understanding and mastering these basic steps about human body structure, we can boldly add exaggeration and deformation on the basis of normal human body proportion to create more interesting characters!
Fourth, still life painting and creative extension.
Still life refers to some common decorations and ornaments in life, or anything that doesn't move in nature, such as stones, houses and conchs on the beach. A complete illustration often needs these still lives as the background, so how to draw them well is also very important.
Take conch as an example. Conch is a common gadget by the sea. It is small, with different shapes, colors and patterns. The seemingly unremarkable conch, described by an illustrator, can completely evolve into an architectural scene of underwater fantasy style. If you want to build a story of underwater creatures, it will be a great background.
Similarly, first draw the structure of a conch, plus doors and windows, decorations and so on. Finally, draw it and finally realize the effect of the fantasy scene. This paragraph can't be clearly expressed in words, so it's more intuitive for everyone to look at the picture.
I hope to provide some help to illustrators and finally create my own illustrations.
How to draw a good watercolor illustration? Watercolor and gouache, like other paintings, should pay attention to methods and steps, from the whole to the part, from the part to the whole, so that the works can be deepened and improved step by step. Generally, there are five stages: left drawing, sketching, coloring, in-depth description and adjustment. In the order of coloring, it is generally better to start with a large area of color or the main objects in the picture, which is conducive to determining the tone of a painting and keeping the general relationship of the whole painting correct. Some authors are used to starting with light colors, or starting with deep parts like oil painting, each with its own advantages and disadvantages, which should be decided according to specific conditions and personal painting habits. Pay attention to planning when coloring. For example, one part of the picture needs to be colored when the background color is dry, and the other part must be colored after the background color is completely dry. This should be done step by step, which is very helpful for depicting different characteristics of objects and expressing the sense of space and texture of objects.
The techniques of watercolor painting and gouache painting are quite diverse, but generally nothing more than dry painting and wet painting. The so-called dry painting, that is, using less water, does not mean dry cleaning with only pigments without water. When painting, you should wait for the previous layer of color to dry before painting the second layer of color, adding layer by layer. The color of the previous layer and the color of the second layer are clearly defined, so it is also called multi-layer painting. Dry painting should strive to be positive and accurate, in order to show clear modeling, diverse levels and decent turning points. Attention should be paid to dry painting: when the background color is not dry, don't rush to cover it to prevent the background color from flooding; And the number of color coverage should not be too much, most of the coverage or color pile is too thick, which will make the color gray and greasy. Dry painting is not limited by time, easy to draw calmly and master, which is very helpful for beginners to exercise their rigorous modeling ability. However, the dry painting method is not easy to play the characteristics of watercolor flow, and it will be dry and stiff if it is not used well.
Wet painting is a method to combine two colors naturally by using the dissolution of water. When painting, the back pen is connected before the color of the front pen is dry, so that the connection between the pens is soft and the edges are wet. Wet painting is used to represent smooth and delicate objects, and it is also suitable for painting the foreground, dark parts and reflective parts of objects. Wet painting should pay attention to mastering the amount of water and the timing of writing, how much water to use, and how wet the background color is before it can be properly colored. These should be studied well. In addition, when the background color is dry and still needs to be wetted, you can wet the color with clear water before painting, or after painting, lightly brush the edge of the color block with a clean pen dipped in water, which can also achieve the effect of wet painting.
In gouache painting, Yu is good at thick painting and wet painting. The so-called thickness or thinness is also relative, and the corresponding expression methods should be flexibly adopted according to the specific objects and painting ideas. Many authors often use dry and wet paintings alternately, and dry and wet paintings are presented side by side with good thickness. In some places, more water is used for rendering and infiltration, while in others, color blocks are used for covering or juxtaposing, so as to achieve the unity of various pictures and make the works more perfect. Spring in Pujiang is an example of the combination of dry painting and wet painting.
This paper introduces several figures and landscape works completed by dry painting and wet painting respectively. Some of them mainly use blocks to represent objects, while others use lines and faces to represent objects, which can be used as a reference for beginners to draw.
Dry painting, using the method of gouache thick coating, shows the ups and downs of characters' faces, with obvious brush strokes and strong picture effect.
Wet painting, with watercolor Bo Tu as the main method, contains more water in the pigment, and the color permeates and flows obviously. The combination of line and surface makes the main body of the picture clearer.
Mainly dry painting, watercolor and gouache are used together, and some decorative effects are used in modeling and color setting to show the magnificence of the object.
Watercolor wet painting is used to paint the sky, distant mountains and water surface. They are all expressed by the method of color infiltration, which makes the scenery in the painting skillfully and naturally combine together, showing the endless and smoky atmosphere of the fishing ground after the rain.
In addition to the above two main techniques, watercolor painting and gouache painting are also based on the sketch of the picture and apply light colors. For example, pencil watercolor is popular now. Pen watercolor and charcoal watercolor are also popular forms of expression. This method is usually suitable for fine images. Firstly, the author draws the outline, physical structure and black-and-white relationship of the object with sketching tools, and adds transparent and bright large colors to make the picture rigorous and vivid, thus producing a special aesthetic feeling. Such works are often used by many authors to collect creative materials and record life because they can fully express the characteristics of object shape and color; This method of combining sketch with color is also widely used in architectural renderings, stage art costumes, modeling, scenery and other design drawings. In the production order, it is generally to draw a sketch of the foundation first, and then paint it, or both can be repeated (charcoal watercolor can be fixed by spraying glue first, or let its charcoal powder and watercolor pigment melt naturally. Both methods are wonderful). Among them, pen watercolor is to prevent ink from seeping out and polluting the picture, and there are also lines that are painted with pen and ink. Pen watercolor ink is suitable for painting ink. Besides black, other colors of ink can also be used.
In addition, there are many specific techniques to choose from when using materials and tools to fully and perfectly depict objects:
Dip paper method. Just put the drawing paper in clear water, soak it, and take it out to draw when it is wet. This method is easy to achieve the effect of moistening luster and smooth writing. Due to the natural infiltration of colored liquid in the picture, the depicted objects are subtle and vivid, similar to painting on raw rice paper.
Paste color method. That is, a painting method of adding thick or thin paste to color, which is characterized by smooth pen and thick but impermeable color liquid, which is helpful to better express characters and use brush strokes. The works painted by paste color method are rich and colorful, and the shapes are clear and powerful. It has some advantages of oil painting and fully embodies the advantages of watercolor painting.
Washing method. It means to get the desired effect after washing in the painted place. This method can also be used to modify and adjust pictures. Sponge can be used for large-area washing, and some parts can also absorb washed colored liquid with absorbent paper.
Blank method. Refers to the method of leaving those blank and bright parts in the picture. Some use the method of "flying white", that is, inadvertently leaving blank points in the pen for painting; Some use wax or oil pastels to draw blank points and lines in the needed parts before coloring; Others, when the color is about to dry out, use a knife or pen to "scrape" the required blank on the painted picture, such as exposing trunk, splash, beard, glass or metal highlights, and the effect is good.
The application of these methods, only through practical exploration, can gradually achieve handy and produce ideal results.
Watercolor and gouache are a kind of color painting, and colors should be used to shape the image. For the knowledge of color application, please refer to the chapter of oil painting in this book, which is omitted here.
Watercolor painting and gouache painting have basically the same materials and tools and can be used universally. The difference is that their pigment components are different. Watercolor contains a small amount of gum and has strong transparency. And gouache contains more powder and has hiding power. Many authors often paint with two kinds of pigments at the same time. In watercolor painting, individual bright parts, especially small areas, are white or light-colored, and sometimes white powder is used (some people are used to leaving blank white paper or washing the bright parts of the picture with water). In gouache painting, watercolor pigments are often used to enhance the transparency of some parts of the picture, especially when depicting objects like dark parts, the effect of dark watercolor pigments is better than water pink.
Watercolor and gouache painting are suitable for white paper with solid and compact texture, moderate water absorption and impermeability (but colored paper is also used to show the specific content). Paper that absorbs water too quickly is not smooth in color; Too smooth paper, pigment is not easy to attach, go with the water. Commonly used watercolors and gouache paper, various drawing paper and watercolor papers with thick lines and thin lines. When painting gouache, in order to set off bright colors, white cardboard and white paper are also used for painting. All kinds of paper have different textures and different performance effects. You can choose according to your own painting habits. When drawing a big picture, you should mount the paper on the drawing board in advance to avoid wrinkling, so that the picture can be kept flat and easy to express smoothly.
Brush, commonly used is a flat pen and a round pen made of wool or wolf hair, which is more elastic and has a large water storage capacity. The size of the pen depends on the size of the picture frame. Generally, it is enough to have three or four different types of brushes when painting. In addition, you can also prepare a Gou Xianbi and a shading pen with big colors.
Other tools, such as color mixing box, water bowl, picture clip, drawing board, easel, etc. , there is no certain specification, you can choose according to the practical principle. The color mixing box is used to hold the extruded pigments and display them in the picture frame. Pigments should be placed in the order of depth and temperature, and the general order is:
White, lemon yellow, medium chrome yellow, khaki, orange yellow, vermilion, scarlet, crimson, rose red, ochre, mature brown, olive green, grass green, ultramarine blue, purple and black.
A flat plate for color adjustment is attached to the color mixing box. When mixing colors, if it is too mixed or not white, the remaining pigments on the palette should be washed with water, and the newly mixed pigments should be prepared separately; For example, when making large-scale works indoors, you can use porcelain pots or glass (with white paper at the bottom) to color.
In addition, some artists also use auxiliary tools such as scraper, towel gourd tendon, sponge and crayon to show various artistic effects. Such as flashing water, tiny branches, snowflakes and other places that are not easy to fly, are often scraped out with a knife, and the effect is very realistic. Crayons are also used for local and fine printing that is not easy to empty. Because the oil and water of crayons can't be combined to leave a natural blank, you can boldly put pen to paper when coloring. Absorbing some wet colors on the screen with sponge and towel gourd tendon can produce nourishing and rich effects. Flapping the towel gourd tendon on the painted gouache color bottom layer can produce rich and mottled light and shadow special effects. Of course, this kind of auxiliary tool can only be used appropriately, especially for beginners.