Lingnan is a historical concept. The administrative system of each dynasty is different, and the division and appellation of Lingnan system have also changed greatly. Now the word Lingnan, especially Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hong Kong and Macao, is the regional scope of South China today.
Lingnan culture, as one of the most distinctive and dynamic regional cultures in China traditional culture, has a history of more than 2,000 years. As an important carrier of Lingnan culture, Lingnan architecture is the essence of Lingnan culture. For thousands of years, Lingnan architecture has formed a unique architectural art by making full use of Lingnan natural resources and combining the characteristics of people's lives through the hard work of architects in previous dynasties, which occupies an important position in the architectural forest of China.
Lingnan architecture is mainly divided into Guangfu architecture, Chaoshan architecture, Hakka architecture and garden architecture.
Guangfu dwellings are mainly distributed in the Greater Pearl River Delta, and the early Guangfu dwellings were obviously influenced by the architectural pattern in the south of the Yangtze River. Its representative is the bell house, which is made of blue bricks, stone pillars and slates, and the outer walls are decorated with flowers and birds. Because its mountain shape is like a bell, it is called "Bell House".
In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was generally the villages with high officials and rich people or the famous gentry who were qualified to erect a bell-shaped volcanic wall on the roof. The bell house symbolizes the two ears of the official hat, which means "the best" and is also a symbol of a well-off family. Later, as long as the villagers made a fortune, they would build clock houses to show their wealth and style. The more rooms there are, the higher the level, which is naturally related to the hierarchical concept of our ancestors.
Chaozhou-Shantou residential buildings are based on traditional quadrangles and quadrangles, and the most basic forms are called "Shang Lu Gen" and "Si Fen Jin". Small-sized residential buildings in cities and towns have a long and narrow "bamboo pole" layout. Large-scale residential buildings expand horizontally or vertically on the basis of four cents, which are called "three halls series", "eight halls opposite", "four-horse trailer" and "Baifeng Chaoyang", and their external contours remain very regular squares or rectangles.
Large-scale collective housing is called "village", which is the product of militarization of rural residents in Chaoshan area in Qing Dynasty. From the plane, it can be divided into scheme and village construction, and from the peripheral way, it can be divided into fence and enclosure. In Chaoyang, this kind of residence is called "gallery". In the old society, most of the poor people by the sea were thatched huts, rammed earth, or made of wood and grass. Building materials in Chaoshan area are adapted to local conditions, and local materials are used, and shell ash and stones are widely used.
The representative of Hakka architecture is the Hakka dragon enclosure. Historically, the clan system of Hakka society has been strengthened, and the cultural and psychological quality of * * * is reflected in two aspects. First, the improvement of ancestral temple facilities and the continuous compilation of genealogy. In villages where people live together, all ethnic groups attach importance to the construction of ancestral temples. Ancestral hall houses pay attention to geomantic omen and the sound of hall numbers. Hakka wai house Tang Hao, or straight home, or plain characters, these naming habits in Tang Hao are related to the ancient customs in Tang and Song Dynasties.
Then, in terms of folk houses, Dali Dragon House appeared, which is a combination of super-large earth buildings and buildings. Earth buildings are mostly rammed earth or adobe bricks, and gradually develop into granite and big green bricks, which are very strong and huge in scale.
From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, arcade architecture appeared in Lingnan area, which was once a unique Nanyang style building in Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and other coastal overseas Chinese towns. The arcade originated from British colonies such as Singapore and Hong Kong, and the arcade in Lingnan area was built when overseas Chinese returned from Nanyang.
Lingnan Garden mainly refers to Guangfu Garden, which is one of the three schools of traditional gardening art in China. It is of great significance in the history of gardening in China, especially in the innovation and development of modern gardens.
The unique style of Lingnan Garden: seeking truth from facts, exquisite and beautiful. As far as architectural forms are concerned, Lingnan gardens have distinctive features. Lightweight, transparent and concise, beautifully decorated and gorgeous. Wood carving, brick carving, ceramics, gray plastic, door and window grilles, flower covers, leaky windows and many other folk handicrafts are carefully carved and then inlaid with colored glass to make patterns.
The layout and local components are influenced by western architectural culture, such as Roman arched doors and windows and baroque capitals used in traditional buildings in China, regular pools built with long strips, cast iron flower stands outside the hall, etc., which all reflect the Lingnan cultural characteristics of compatibility between China and the West. The four existing Lingnan gardens in Qing Dynasty are Qinghui Garden, Yuyin Mountain Residence, Foshan Liangyuan Garden and Dongguan Keyuan Garden. Other famous gardens include Baomo Garden, Shunde Heyuan Garden and Yue Hui Garden.
Lingnan architectural culture has undergone several changes in history and finally formed its own style. Nowadays, reinforced concrete has cast thousands of layers of cities, and the times call for Lingnan architectural culture to glow with local flavor. Lingnan architectural culture, as one of the typical architectural cultures in China, can only be deeply excavated, inherited and developed if we pay more attention to it.
Ancient homeland-ancient China ancient world, we don't just build ancient buildings! On-line+off-line mode, architecture+internet plus culture, inherit and carry forward architectural culture, implant traditional excellent culture into building materials, make architecture have culture from the source, combine the essence of Chinese 5,000-year culture with modern science and technology, and apply it to modern construction industry, advocating bringing excellent traditional culture into people's daily necessities.