? Yu Hua, 1960 was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province on April 3, and is a contemporary writer. 1977 After graduating from high school, he entered Beijing Luxun College of Literature for further study. Worked as a dentist. 1983 started writing, 1984 published a novel. In 1980s, he formed a literary trend with Su Tong, Ge Fei and Sun Ganlu, and was called "avant-garde literature" by critics. The novels "Living" and "Xu Sanguan Selling Blood" were selected by hundreds of critics and literary editors as "the ten most influential works in the 1990s".
? "To Be Alive" describes Fu Gui's miserable life in the way of the protagonist Fu Gui's self-report. Apart from poverty, successive deaths of relatives contributed to Fu Gui's longevity. And he is still kind to the world, without a complaint.
? The author expounds the hero's tolerance for suffering and optimism about the world from several aspects.
? If the high beam is not straight
? Fu Gui's ancestors were landlords and rich people. In Fu Gui's own words, at that time, our family had not declined. Our JOE family owns 100 acres of land, from here to the chimney of the factory. My father and I are famous rich young masters. When we walk, our shoes sound like copper coins hitting each other. My woman, Jia Zhen, is the daughter of the rice shop owner in the city. She also comes from a rich family. When a rich man marries a rich man, he piles up the money and it flows on it.
? But he and his father are black sheep. His father lost 100 acres in gambling when he was young. He's not just his father now. He visited the kiln, gambled, ate and gambled. He thinks that their family is an only child and must be spoiled. As a result, he gambled away all his money and gambled away the last hundred acres of land and house. Move to a thatched cottage. His father was angry, too. At that time, his wife was pregnant in August and had a 4-year-old daughter.
? The man who wins Fu Gui's house and land is called Long Er. With the disappearance of land and house, Fu Gui suddenly woke up. But people still have to live. Fu Gui bowed his head, rented five acres of land from Long Er, and became a tenant, ready to live on the five acres of land.
Dodge bullets
? The days are beginning to get bitter. Fortunately, at home, Jane never gave up on him, and she gave birth to a son named Affection. Together with their daughter Xia Feng, the family arrived neatly, and the days passed slowly. Fu Gui and his wife work hard day and night. A year later, Fu Gui's mother fell ill, and he took her to the city to see a doctor. I was accidentally set up by a child and had an argument with someone. Coincidentally, the national army passed by at this time and he was taken to work.
? Follow this artillery team all the way to Anhui. He tried to escape, but he dared not. Among these arrested able-bodied men, he met Lao Quan. He told Fu Gui that if he tried to escape, he would die. After crossing the Yangtze River, I put on a cotton-padded jacket. As soon as he crossed the Yangtze River, Fu Gui's desire to escape vanished. The farther away from home, the more afraid he was to escape.
? Lao Quan, Fu Gui and 15-year-old Chunsheng formed an alliance. In the days surrounded by the * * * production party, they went to grab the materials distributed by the plane and hold a group to keep warm. They also witnessed the cries and deaths of countless wounded people.
? Finally, Lao Quan died, Chunsheng disappeared, Fu Gui was captured, and running all the way fled home with the travelling expenses given by the People's Liberation Army. I came home two years later. At that time, my mother had died, and Youqing didn't know him. Poor Xia Feng has become deaf and dumb with a high fever. Kind Jia Zhen lives alone with her baby, waiting for him to go home.
Land reform, there is a silver lining behind the dark clouds.
? After Fu Gui came back, the village began to engage in land reform and gave him five acres of land, that is, the five acres of land he had rented from Long Er. Dragon is out of luck. He has been a landlord for less than four years. Once he is liberated, he is finished. * * * The property owner confiscated his land and distributed it to the former tenants. He refused to admit his debt and tried to scare the tenants. Some don't buy it, and he starts hitting others. Dragon son is also asking for it. The people's government arrested him and called him a bully landlord. After being sent to the prison in the city, Long Er still doesn't understand the times. His mouth was harder than a stone and he was shot at last.
? On the day when Long Er was shot, Fu Gui also died. Dragon cried and shouted to him, "Fu Gui, I died for you." Fu Gui walked away with guilt. Later, I wanted to make it through, and I didn't think it was necessary to scare myself. This is all fate. As the saying goes, you are blessed to live. Fu Gui thinks his second half will get better and better.
? Fu Gui's life after returning to China was bitter and poor. But it went well. Xia Feng and Youqing are getting bigger and bigger, and Fu Gui and Jia Zhen are getting older every day. In a blink of an eye, Xia Feng was seventeen years old and became a woman. If she hadn't been deaf and dumb, she would have come to you to propose. Everyone in the village says that Xia Feng looks good, and Xia Feng looks almost like Jia Zhen when he was young. Youqing is twelve years old and goes to primary school in the city.
? At the beginning, in order to save money for Youqing to go to school, they gave Xia Feng to someone else when she was twelve years old. Youqing cried for her sister. Parents really have no other way, they are really poor, and they think that sentient beings must change their destiny through reading. So, I crossed my heart and sent Mr. Xia away. After they were sent away, they were also very anxious, regretful and guilty. Fortunately, it didn't take long for Xia Feng to run back by herself, and they didn't want to send her away.
? Youqing studied for two years and reached the age of ten. Life at home is easier. At that time, Xia Feng also worked in the fields together, and Xia Feng was able to support himself. There are two sheep at home, both of which were mowed and fed by Youqing. Every day at dawn, Jia Zhen wakes Youqing up. The child threw the sickle in the basket, holding it in one hand and rubbing his eyes in the other, and stumbled out of the house to mow the grass. It's pathetic. Children of this age suffer from insomnia the most. What can he do? If you don't mow the grass, two sheep will starve to death. When I arrived in Youqing, I came back with a basket of grass and was almost late for school. I quickly stuffed a bowl of rice into my mouth and ran to the city while chewing. I ran home at noon and had to mow the grass. I fed the sheep and ate it myself. Naturally, it's too late to go to school. When I was a teenager, I had to run more than fifty miles twice a day. Youqing runs like this, of course, shoes wear fast. Fu Gui also blamed Youqing for this. From then on, the child ran barefoot and put on his shoes at school.
? Jia Zhen is very ill, and her hard life is even worse.
? 1958, the people's commune was established. All five acres of land in Fu Gui were allocated to the people's commune, leaving only a small piece of land in front of the house. The village head is not called the village head, but the captain. Every morning, the captain stands under the elm tree at the entrance of the village and whistles. Men and women in the village came to the entrance of the village with their guys on their backs like soldiers. The captain arranged the day's work and everyone did it separately. Not many days later, even the pots at home were owned by the people's commune, saying that they were going to make steel.
? How to cook without a pot? A canteen has been set up in the village, and the rice, salt and firewood at home have been confiscated by the village. The most regrettable thing is that these two sheep have been fattened and confiscated.
? As soon as the village canteen opened, each family sent two people to fetch vegetables, and each family let women go. The twittering sounds like sparrows flying in groups when drying rice. The captain was right. It's really easy to have a canteen. If you are hungry, just wait in line and you can eat and drink. The food is open to eat, eat as much as you can, and eat meat every day.
? The village canteen opened for two days, and the captain asked two young people to go to town to buy pots and boil steel. Those broken pots and tins were piled on the threshing floor. The captain pointed to them and said, "We must cook them quickly. We can't leave them idle." After the two boys went to town with straw ropes and pole, the captain accompanied Mr. Feng Shui invited from the city to wander around the village, saying that he was looking for a piece of Feng Shui treasure to boil steel. The feng shui master wore a gown and walked around with a smile. When he came to a family, the family had to take a breath of air. As long as the old man with a hunch nodded, the family's house was completed. Mr. Feng Shui went to Fu Gui's house, which is where he took a fancy to Fu Gui's house, and happened to know Jia Zhen, so that Fu Gui's house could be saved.
At that time, Jia Zhen began to get sick, unable to do heavy work, and had no strength in her legs. Fortunately, she had a canteen at that time, otherwise life would be more difficult. The doctor in the city said that Jia Zhen had rickets and no one could cure it. If Jia Zhen can eat better, let Fu Gui take her home to eat better. Jia Zhen's illness may become more and more serious, or it may be like this.
? After everyone used up the handed-in materials and pots, the captain went to apply for food. Without the application, the canteen was scattered. Everyone began to buy pots again and went home for dinner. The villagers began to record their work scores in the fields. Jia Zhen's body can't be counted as centimeters. Youqing wanted to drop out of school, but Fu Gui flatly refused. ?
? After the dissolution of the village canteen, the food distributed was only enough for one month. It was originally planned to connect the rice after it was cooked for a month. But it happened that the rain ruined the rice fields. Everyone counted the rice in the pot, and there was not much food left. No one dares to cook, but they all cook porridge, and even porridge is getting thinner and thinner. Then it will be empty in two or three months.
? In that year's famine, everyone was starving, and Jia Zhen became more and more sick and could hardly walk. I can't even lift the needle.
? It never rains but it pours. There are celebrations and accidents.
? That year, Youqing entered the fifth grade. As the saying goes, it never rains but it pours When Jia Zhen was sick like that, Fu Gui was counting on Youqing to grow up quickly. The child's grades are not good. I thought I wouldn't force him to go to middle school. As soon as he graduated from primary school, he was asked to work in the fields to earn work points. Who knows that Dr. Jian was in good health and something happened during the celebration.
? The headmaster of their school, the wife of the county magistrate. When giving birth to a child, there was a lot of bleeding, and the school called fifth-grade students to donate blood. Only You Ching's blood type can match. The stupid nurse drained Youqing's blood, but the indifferent doctor was unmoved. At that time, children were so simple and kind. At that time, they felt it was a glorious thing to donate blood to the principal until they gave their lives.
? In a rage, Fu Gui went to the hospital to crusade and kill people. But it turned out that today's county magistrate was Chunsheng who died in the same year! Fu Gui picked up Youqing in frustration and left the hospital sadly. In order to prevent Jia Zhen's grief from aggravating his illness, he buried Youqing alone next to his parents' grave. Lying to Jia Zhen that the child is in the hospital. Those days and nights were exhausting.
? Sensitive Jia Zhen learned the news of her son's death, and her life was almost dying. Fu Gui began to prepare a coffin for her, and the doctor also said that she would not live for a month. But twenty days later, she miraculously sat up, refreshed and able to do needlework. Fu Gui saw the hope of life again.
? A month after Youqing's death, Chunsheng came to apologize. Knowing that he had nothing to report, he came to send money, but Jia Zhen turned him away. After two times, the same treatment. I committed suicide once before, but I was finally forgiven by Jia Zhen. At the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, the captain was criticized. Chunsheng also hanged himself because he couldn't stand the long-term humiliation. Compared with these, Mr. Xia in Fu Gui is what parents are most concerned about. She is old enough to get married. They hope that someone can entrust them for life and let them die peacefully.
? Soon, the captain found Xia Feng's husband's family. She is a porter in the county and earns a lot of money. It's called Vanhill, but it's local. Hill and Xia Feng had a harmonious relationship, and when they got married, they were considered to have unlimited scenery at that time. The days after marriage are also loving and harmonious. The two old people also mistakenly thought that life was finally getting better and they were in a good mood every day.
? Xia Feng Hill can't escape his fate.
? A few months later, Xia Feng became pregnant, and the family wept with joy. But on the day of delivery, Xia Feng died of massive bleeding. In the same hospital and room, Fu Gui sent his daughter away again. This hospital has a pain that worries him. As soon as a girl in Shuang'er dies, she dies when she gives birth, and dies when she gives birth.
? This time, Jia Zhen failed to withstand the blow and passed away one after another after three months. Before his death, he named his little grandson Kugen.
? Since Xia Feng's death, Hill's soul has disappeared. For his son's strong support on the construction site, picking bitter roots with bamboo baskets is his only hope and sustenance in life. Fu Gui occasionally went to the city to help, and also brought Kugen back to the village to stay. He also wants to make Kugan live a better life in the future through his own labor. Sun Ye Sang maintained this broken family in this way.
? The weather is unpredictable. When Coogan was four years old, Hill died. Hill was killed by two rows of concrete slabs. In this job, I accidentally fell and got hurt, but only when I lost my life, the Xu family had a hard life. When Xia Feng was buried, Hill pointed to a piece of land next to Xia Feng's tomb and told Fu Gui that he would be buried here in the future. How sad it is to become a prophecy now.
? Bitter root, bitter vine with bitter eggs on it
After Hill's death, Fu Gui took Kugan to live in the village.
? Fu Gui and Kugan have been together for half a year, and life in the village is even more difficult. Fu Gui's family was allocated an acre and a half of land. I can't work among the villagers as before, and I can be lazy when I am tired. Now the work in the field is constantly shouting. If Fu Gui doesn't do it, no one will take his place. Five-year-old Coogan has been able to help him with his work and even made a small sickle for him. Coogan likes it very much. Bitter roots have a glib tongue. Fu Gui said it was because Xia Feng wouldn't say how much she owed.
? This kind of life is very bitter, very tired, but I am happy in my heart. With bitter roots, people have the energy to live. Watching Bitter Root grow up day by day, the grandfather is relieved day by day. In the evening, Ye and Sun sat on the threshold, watching the sunset, the fields were red and sparkling, listening to the shouts of the villagers, and the two hens raised at home walked up and down in front of them, making out with Bitter Roots. When they sit together, there are always endless words. Looking at these two hens, Fu Gui often thinks of what his father said when he was alive. He said to Kugan again and again. We are getting richer and richer. "
? Kugan giggled after hearing this, and he remembered all these words. Many times when he took the eggs out of the henhouse, he always sang and said these words. If there are too many eggs, we will take them to the city to sell. Fu Gui said to Kugan, "When we have enough money, we will buy cows. You can ride on the back of the cows."
? Hearing this, Coogan's eyes lit up. He said, "Chickens will become cows." Since then, Coogan has been looking forward to buying cows every day. Every morning, he opens his eyes and asks Fu Gui, "Fu Gui, did you buy a cow today?" Sometimes I go to the city to sell eggs. Fu Gui felt sorry for Kugen and wanted to buy him some sweets. Kugen will say, "Just buy one, and we will buy cows."
? In a blink of an eye, Bitter Root was seven years old. Fu Gui is anxious to pick cotton on this day, because it will rain the next day. Mature cotton will be damaged by rain if it is not picked. But Coogan was sick. Fu Gui, think about Coogan's poor years. I didn't eat anything good, so I cooked half a pot of beans and put them by the bed until Bitter Root woke up. He went to the field to pick cotton himself.
? When he came back, he complained. Without answering him, Kugan died. Bitter root leans on the bed, his mouth half open, and he can see two beans that have not been chewed. Bitter roots are eaten by beans. The child is not greedy, but Fu Gui's family is too poor. All the children in the village live better than Kugen, and even beans and Kugen are rarely eaten. Fu Gui complained that he had lost his mind and cooked so many beans for Coogan. He was old and stupid, so he killed Coogan.
? Old people and cows
? The year after Kugan's death, Fu Gui had enough money to buy cattle. Seeing how many years he could live, he felt that he still wanted to buy a cow. This cow is half-human. It can work and have a companion when it is idle. When it is bored, talk to it. Take it to the water to eat grass, just like pulling a child.
? On the day I went to the bull market to buy cattle, I passed by the neighboring village. An old cow to be slaughtered was lying on the ground with tears in her eyes. Fu Gui couldn't bear to see the cow slaughtered, so he bought it with compassion. It's not that he doesn't know that this cow is too old to work, and it's not that it won't work for two or three years. Fu Gui thinks two or three years is enough. I'm afraid he won't live that long himself. Who knows that they have lived for several years, and the villagers are surprised and surprised, shouting-"The two old men will not die."
? When the cow comes home, it is also a member of Fu Gui's family. It is time to give it a name. I think it is better to call it Fu Gui. I decided to name it Fu Gui, and Fu Gui felt that when he looked around, it was like himself. Later, the villagers began to say that they were very similar. He smiled and thought he knew. Since then, it has been a day of one person and one cow.
? abstract
? In this life, I think it will come soon, and I live an ordinary life. Fu Gui's father hoped that Fu Gui could illuminate his ancestors. He was wrong about this man. This is his life. When I was young, I enjoyed the scenery for a while with the money left by my ancestors, and then I became more and more depressed. That's good. Look around Fu Gui, Long Er and Chunsheng. They only enjoyed the scenery for a while and finally lost their lives. It is better to be a normal person, fighting for this and that, and fighting for your own life. Just like Fu Gui, it is getting less and less valuable, but it can live for a long time. People I know died one by one, and he is still alive. Years have taken away all the relatives of Fu Gui, but the will to survive is firm.
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