Zhengzhou-Digging ditches every day. Zhengzhou is a "nouveau riche" in Henan Province, relying on the strong policy support after the founding of
Zhengzhou-Digging ditches every day. Zhengzhou is a "nouveau riche" in Henan Province, relying on the strong policy support after the founding of the People's Republic of China, it has quickly become a major hub city in the Central Plains. It has become a railway hub, an airport, and a high-speed rail hub. It is not enough to develop slowly.
Therefore, there is also a saying: "Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, dig ditches every day", which is the energetic performance of Zhengzhou.
Luoyang-the Imperial Capital Luoyang has been the imperial capital and the most royal place since ancient times. Luoyang peony, the country is very beautiful. When you arrive in Luoyang, you will know that it is difficult to find such a land with good feng shui in the north. Luoyang has a lot of water, which is quite moist. No wonder ancient emperors chose such treasures.
Kaifeng-The snacks in Kaifeng, Tokyo, Hua Meng are very famous in Henan, which is a symbol of Henan's long history and culture. Riverside Garden on Qingming Festival, quaint Henan University. They are all business cards from Kaifeng. This city is called the Book City, and the underground is full of cultural relics.
Xuchang-Xudu, Cao Wei, tobacco kingdom. Xuchang's most glorious history should be the Three Kingdoms period, known as Xudu. More than half of the cigarettes smoked by Henan people are produced here. Xuchang is known as "the land of the Central Plains", from which the fat Donglai supermarket rose. Don't ask me how I know.
Luohe-Shuanghui Shuanghui has become a business card of Luohe. Luohe is also a place with a long history, where the Jia Hu bone flute, the treasure of the town hall of Henan Museum, comes from.
Pingdingshan-the country of black gold Pingdingshan is famous for its coal mines. Pingdingshan is rich in various mineral resources, which can be described as an area sitting on a mine car in Henan Province.
Xinxiang-Advertising is not as good as Xinfei Electric Appliances. This is the main battlefield of Mu Ye War, and also the place where Zhao Kuangyin's yellow robe was added. Huixian county in Xinxiang is also a place with beautiful scenery.
Jiyuan —— The Story of the King of Wu Gong Yu Yishan The name of Jiyuan is related to water saving, which is known as one of the "four blasphemies" in ancient times (rivers, Huai and Ji).
Jiaozuo-Yuntai Mountain, Jiaozuo and Taiji Chuan, the four traditional Chinese medicines (Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae, Rhizoma Dioscoreae and Flos Chrysanthemi) have been tributes since ancient times. There are also good scenery with Yuntai Mountain as the core.
Sanmenxia-There is a dam, a city near the Yellow River, which was born of Sanmenxia Reservoir and named after the land of Sanmenxia in the Yellow River. When the Yellow River passes through here, it enters an alluvial plain in Ma Pingchuan. There is a false way to destroy the country of Guo, and there are also Shaanxi counties, from which the name of Shaanxi Province originated.
Zhumadian-a place that has been misunderstood a lot, Zhumadian people, together with Henan people, have been misunderstood by others, and even made up various jingles to label Henan people. In fact, today's Zhumadian people are the most tenacious and hardworking people in Henan Province. After modern times, Henan suffered many disasters. After the flood, the soil fertility declined, which was a heavy blow to Zhumadian, which is mainly agricultural. So there are many people in Zhumadian outside, concentrated in some hard industries. In the end, they can all stand in their native land, and even many of them are still alive. This only shows that Zhumadian people, as well as Henan people, have unique diligence and resilience.
Nanyang, the pearl of southwest Henan, has a large chassis and many people. The basin is full of gas and the white river flows long, so it is called Nandudi Township, which is also the place where I grew up. Four Holy Places, Nanyang Han Stone Relief, dushan jade, Danjiangkou Reservoir and Nanyang House in neixiang county are all beautiful business cards of Nanyang.
Xinyang-the place most like the south in Henan Province, Xinyang is known as "Jiangnan in the north and Jiangnan in the north". Personally, I think it is the best place in Henan Province. Xinyang Maojian tea is even more famous. The girls in Xinyang are watery, even the boys have good skin. It's really feng shui that nurtures people. As the saying goes: Xinyang girl is Nanyang Han. The girls in Xinyang are beautiful and the men in Nanyang are reliable.
The names of Zhoukou-Jia Luhe and Zhoukou of Hu La Tang are all related to shipping. Jia Luhe passed through this place and was navigable in Ming and Qing Dynasties. After modern times, railways, highways, airports and high-speed trains have made it a convenient place in Henan Province.
Shangqiu, the gateway of eastern Henan Province, is also a place with a long history in Henan Province, and its name is closely related to Shang Dynasty. This place named after "autumn" is actually dominated by the great plains, which have formed a vast great plain under the alluvial of the Yellow River since ancient times. Shangqiu ancient city is also a symbol of its long history and culture.
Anyang-Yinxu, the hometown of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, is in the northernmost part of Henan, which is a bit "not worthy of the name" because it is located in the north of the Yellow River. There are many historical sites here, such as Muhao Tomb and Yin Ruins, which are also the hometown of Oracle Bone Inscriptions. In addition, its dialect is also a minority dialect in Henan dialect.
Hebi, a living fossil of folk culture, is the place where the story of the God List in Hebi City takes place, which shows its long history. Xunxian County, Hebi is a national historical and cultural city, which has preserved rich and colorful folk culture, and its temple fair is also representative in Henan Province.
Puyang-a place with oil Puyang is in the northeast corner of Henan Province. Puyang's Zhongyuan Oilfield and acrobatics are well-known, and the dragon-shaped mussels, known as "Yi Long of China", came from here more than 6,000 years ago.
At present, Henan Province is divided into eighteen prefecture-level cities. Every city has its own advantages, no matter from ancient times to the present, there are different places.
Zhengzhou, now the capital of Henan, is both old and young. Zhengzhou: State name. In the first year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (AD 58), it was changed to Xingzhou. Located in the elevation (later changed to Surabaya, now Surabaya Town, Xingyang, Henan Province), it moved to Guancheng in the Tang Dynasty (now Zhengzhou City, abandoned in this state in the Ming Dynasty). The jurisdiction is equivalent to Zhengzhou, Xingyang, Xinzheng, Zhongmu and parts of southwest Yuanyang in Henan Province. Since then, jurisdiction has changed frequently. At the beginning of Yongzheng and the end of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, it was promoted to Zhili Prefecture, and 193 1 was abolished and changed to county.
After liberation, 1948 established Zhengzhou. 1954 Zhengzhou moved the Henan Provincial Association from Kaifeng to Zhengzhou because Beijing-Guangzhou and Longhai, two north-south and east-west railway traffic arteries, met and had obvious geographical advantages. Since then, Zhengzhou has become the political, economic and cultural center of Henan Province. Zhengzhou, transformed from Guzheng County, has become the leading big city in the Central Plains, which can be described as favorable weather, favorable location and harmonious people.
Kaifeng: Known as the ancient capital of the Eight Dynasties. Wei, Liang, Jin, Han, Zhou, Northern Song and Jindu established their capitals here during the Xia and Warring States periods. The history is heavy and the culture is developed. It should be said that it is second to none among all historical and cultural cities in China. In particular, the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival by Zhang Zeduan in the Northern Song Dynasty vividly depicts Kaifeng, an ancient city, and the prosperity of Tokyo, the former capital.
Kaifeng was the capital city of Henan Province during the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Republic of China. Only after liberation, the provincial capital moved to Zhengzhou, and Kaifeng was slightly inferior in economic development. After entering the new century, Kaifeng began to move towards Kaifeng, striving to develop service industry and tourism and revitalize Kaifeng's economy. The Shanghe Garden in Kaifeng, Kaifeng House where Bao Gong tried the case, Jokhang Temple and other scenic spots make people linger. The precipitation of history and culture makes Kaifeng glow with vitality.
Luoyang: One of the ancient capitals of China. Thirteen dynasties established their capitals here, namely: Xia, Shang, Western Zhou, Eastern Zhou, Eastern Han, Cao Wei, Western Jin, Northern Wei, Sui, Tang (Wu Zhou), Hou Liang and Later Jin.
Ancient Luoyang was the political, economic and cultural center of China and even Asia. Especially in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei and Jin Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, economic and cultural development was unique in Asia. There were more than 30,000 students in the Eastern Han Dynasty, which shows how developed Henan higher education was at that time.
After liberation, the ancient city of Luoyang was reborn. During the First Five-Year Plan period, with the help of the former Soviet Union, Luoyang occupied 7 of the 156 national key construction projects, and Yi Tuo, Luozhou, Luotong, Luonai and mining machinery laid a good foundation for Luoyang's industrial development. After entering the new century, Luoyang, an ancient city, has gained new opportunities by transforming old industries, cultivating new industries and developing air-to-air missiles.
As a native of Henan, today I want to talk about Henan briefly from the cities I know.
Most people know that Henan will start from Zhengzhou, the provincial capital. Today, from south to north, there are three big cities in southern Henan, commonly known as the "Three Heroes in Southern Henan", and some people say it is the "Three Heroes in Southern Henan". In the past few years, poverty has been a common phenomenon in Henan. As the land of the Central Plains, it is not as economically developed as the southeast coast. Although these three cities were a little poor in some places a few years ago, after years of development, they have also become "three outstanding cities in southern Henan". Xinyang has been famous for its tea industry since ancient times. Most people know the reputation of Xinyang Maojian tea. Put it aside for a while. Xinyang has a good environment. It can be said that Xinyang is one of the few cities with excellent environment in Henan. It has won the top ten livable cities for eight years in a row, and the Dabie Mountain passes through the territory, creating a good mountain and water in Xinyang. Xinyang is located in the south of Huaihe River, which has obvious advantages in water resources and the environment is closer to the south. In terms of real estate, the presence of high-end residential developers such as Evergrande, COFCO Real Estate and Country Garden has also caused house prices to soar. On 20 18, Xinyang was promoted to a third-tier city, and it is also obvious that Xinyang is constantly improving its position.
Nanyang and Nanyang have been battlegrounds for military strategists since ancient times, and Xiangyang and Jingzhou in the south are strategic places to enter the Central Plains. At present, Nanyang has a vast territory, a large population, rich natural resources and developed tourism, especially the most famous flowers in Nanyang. The annual Chinese rose flower exhibition attracts many flower lovers, and the economic development momentum is obvious.
Zhumadian, once the poorest of the "three poverty-stricken areas in southern Henan", has no industry, no enterprise, no development and no fame. As a prefecture-level city that was divided only after the founding of New China, the original development was not comparable to Xinyang Nanyang, and the city has always been a typical chaos. However, through the efforts in recent years, Zhumadian City has given people a brand-new feeling and won the title of "National Sanitary City" and "National Civilized City"
After talking about the Three Heroes in South Henan, let's talk about Jiyuan, a small town in the north. Believe me, when I talk about Jiyuan, Shandong, Jinan and Quancheng are probably the first things that people think of. Jiyuan is a new prefecture-level city, which was originally under the jurisdiction of Jiaozuo, and later set up an independent city under the central government. Jiyuan is a small city, but it is a very clean and civilized city. Jiyuan has only townships and no county-level units, but it is rich in tourism resources. Famous scenic spots include the Three Gorges of the Yellow River, Xiaogoubei and Wuwang. In addition to tourism resources, Jiyuan is also a city with relatively developed industries, and Jigang is one of the representatives.
Speaking of minerals, Pingdingshan is the richest place in Henan. Pingdingshan is a place rich in minerals, among which salt, media and steel are the three major industries. Yexian County is rich in salt reserves, and Wugang City is a big province producing high-quality steel.
Personal perspective may be superficial and one-sided, please correct me:
Zhengzhou, the capital city, is one of the fastest growing cities after the founding of the People's Republic of China (the development speed in the 30 years after the founding of the People's Republic of China is comparable to that in Shenzhen after the reform). Now it is the fastest-growing inland provincial capital, and it will make great achievements in ten years. Since it is a "train city", it has created the most open and exclusive city in China.
Luoyang, the prosperous ancient capital of Han and Tang Dynasties, is an important town in the Central Plains of New China. The scenery is amazing, the ancient rhyme is handed down from generation to generation, and the beauty is like a cloud. The existence of Luoyang today still comes from the remains of Longmen Grottoes and Baima Temple. The strong rise of modern industry is remarkable, but it still does not exceed the recognition of peony status by most people in China.
Kaifeng, once the center of the whole world, once the capital of Song Dynasty, once the capital of Henan Province, is now an ordinary prefecture-level city. Although it has just awakened and is ready to go, it must go through extraordinary efforts, otherwise it may not be impossible to further become a district of the provincial capital city.
Sanmenxia, where the "mainstay" is located, was ruled by Qin Shihuang, and Laozi went west and never came back. Shaanxi county under its jurisdiction is the ancient Shaanxi state, hence the name of Shaanxi province today.
Shangqiu, the intersection of Longhai Railway and Beijing-Kowloon Railway today. In ancient times, it was the German government. The Tang Dynasty was once a place of life and death.
Anyang, the northernmost city in Henan Province, was founded by excavating a lot of Oracle Bone Inscriptions during the Yin and Shang Dynasties. The spirit of Hongqi Canal was born from the hard work, wisdom, courage and strength of the people on the other side.
Xinxiang, once the ancient battlefield of Konoha, was once the capital of Pingyuan Province. Shang and Zhou Dynasties performed their mythical historical stories on a big stage. Refrigerators are just nine Niu Yi hairs of the city's industrial and technological heritage.
Puyang is a paradise in the Book of Songs. Today's important petrochemical city. In the past 40 years, oil talents have come to Puyang from all over China, and in the past 20 years, oil talents have gone from Puyang to the whole world.
Xuchang, the capital of Wei. Today is a personal image of Zhengzhou, the provincial capital, which is not comparable to other cities nearby.
Zhumadian. In ancient times, there were ancient buildings in Tangxi, but now there are thirteen incense in Wang Shouyi.
Luohe, where the two rivers meet, is the location of the "Small Business Bridge". A battleground for military strategists, where Yang Jiajiang fought to the death. Today, the headquarters of the world's largest meat producer is located here.
Xinyang, the most livable city in Henan, 18 prefecture-level cities, is the only city that eats spicy food, the only city that eats rice, the land of plenty, and the legacy of Chu Feng.
Pingdingshan, coal capital, modern industrial city. Su Dongpo's father and brother are buried here.
Nanyang, a classic and traditional city in the Central Plains. There has been no major war for a thousand years, and it is the most complete place to preserve the traditional culture of the Central Plains.
Zhoukou, an agricultural city with a population of10 million, is thousands of miles away in Ma Pingchuan, where people have endless heroes.
Jiaozuo, a small city with a strong industrial background, coal, a small city that has not been cursed by God, is now re-developed by emerging industries such as tourism.
Jiyuan, once the jurisdiction of Jiaozuo, is the water source of Wuwangshan and the hometown of Gong Yu. This is indeed the case. From this to the south, due to the actions of Gong Yu's descendants, "southern Hebei is the yin of the Han Dynasty, and there is no long break." .
Hebi originally belonged to Anyang, with many allusions and new stories.
Seventeen cities, all over China, are just stars, but the stars are holding the moon, guarding Zhengzhou, the capital of central China. Like today's high-speed rail, Henan Province, with a small area, has almost become a super-large city. Isn't it? You can take a nap in the city by bus or subway. You can take the high-speed train from Zhengzhou. Take a nap and you'll miss your stop. If you miss Xuchang, go to Zhumadian and get more sleep, otherwise you will leave Henan for Wuhan instead of one stop.
I am optimistic about Henan, and I am optimistic about every city in Henan. There is hope in the Central Plains.
Henan has been the Central Plains of China since ancient times. Today, I will talk about the famous historical and cultural city in Henan Province. In fact, the culture of Henan Province is really profound. For example, Luoyang, Henan Province is one of the famous historical and cultural cities in our country and one of the four ancient capitals in China.
Today's Kaifeng is also the first batch of historical and cultural cities in China. For example, Kaifeng in the Northern Song Dynasty, called Bianjing City, was also a world-class metropolis in the Northern Song Dynasty. Today's Kaifeng has become a small city from the capital to the provincial capital to today's prefecture-level city. I hope Kaifeng will develop better in the future.
However, today's Zhengzhou has developed very well. From a small county to today's Henan provincial capital, Zhengzhou also has two major transportation hubs, namely Longhai Railway and Beijing-Guangzhou Railway. In addition, today's Zhengzhou is the central city of China Zhongyuan urban agglomeration, and Zhengzhou has also become a national central city. The future development of Zhengzhou is limitless.
As for other cities, each has its own merits and the future development is very good.
Henan, called Zhongyuan, Zhongzhou and Yuzhou in ancient times, is called "Yu" for short. By the end of 20 17, there were 17 prefecture-level cities, 1 provincial administrative units, 52 municipal districts, 20 county-level cities, 85 counties, and Zhengzhou, the provincial capital, with a permanent population of 9559130,000, ranking third in the country.
Nanyang, the most populous prefecture-level city in Henan, has not developed very well. Although the economic scale ranks third, the per capita GDP is very small. In the past two years, Xiangyang next door has been far behind. Because my hometown is located at the junction of Nanyang and Zhumadian, and it also belongs to Nanyang Basin. Therefore, the affinity for Nanyang is relatively strong.
Xinyang can be said to be the least like a prefecture-level city in Henan, and its living habits are far from other prefecture-level cities in Henan. I have many classmates in Xinyang, and I feel that life is very different. Xinyang is a beautiful place to live.
Puyang and Hebi feel that the existence of these two prefecture-level cities is very low. I think they should merge with Anyang.
Jiaozuo, Xinxiang, with many natural scenic spots and developed industries, are also relatively developed cities in Henan.
Xuchang and Luohe, though sparsely populated, are developing really well, with many enterprises and per capita income at the upstream level in Henan.
Shangqiu and Zhoukou, two prefecture-level cities in eastern Henan, have the same population as southern Henan, but their economic level is low. However, Shangqiu will definitely stand out in the future. After all, it is an important transportation hub, even Luoyang can't compare with it.
Zhumadian, my hometown. Although the outside world's view of Zhumadian is always biased, we are used to it, and we are often ashamed of the people at the headquarters, because it is good to have a clear conscience. Zhumadian's economy is dominated by agriculture. Of course, all places where agriculture is the mainstay have a "poor" feature.
Finally, I hope every city in Henan Province can develop better.
Zhengzhou: provincial capital, transportation hub Luoyang: Tang Dynasty, peony flowers.
Kaifeng: Song Dynasty, Kaifeng Prefecture Shangqiu: Mulan, a transportation hub, close to Zhoukou. Luohe: Food City, Railway Station Zhumadian: He is my brother in Zhoukou, one of our own.
Xinyang: Land of Fish and Rice, Tea City. Nanyang: Zhuge Liang is far from us. I don't know Sanmenxia: Yellow River, Swan.
Anyang: Iron and Steel, Jiyuan, Oracle Bone Inscriptions: I don't know, I don't understand.
Jiaozuo: Yuntai Mountain Hebi: Unknown Pingdingshan: Coal, Xuchang: Smoke City,
I am from Huaiyang, Zhoukou, Henan, and I have a poor impression of myself.
Henan Province is located in the middle of China, which has jurisdiction over 18 cities. Up to now, each city has its own different characteristics.
Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan, is located in the traffic fortress, which is very convenient. Although Zhengzhou is one of the ancient capitals, as a provincial capital, it will take about 20 years for a young and truly large-scale urban construction. At present, Zhengzhou's construction is also good, such as the East District, but the planning in other places is a bit poor. For example, Zhengzhou is chaotic in the north, old in the west and dirty in the south.
In a word, Zhengzhou is still developing, with a good geographical location and a large population, and the future will be prosperous.
Kaifeng, the capital of Henan Province in the early days of the People's Republic of China, has a profound historical background, many cultural attractions and famous snacks, but these postcards do not seem to promote the development of Kaifeng in recent years. Kaifeng's urban construction is still a bit backward, especially in the old city. Although the integration of Zheng and Bian has been proposed for many years, I don't know what will happen in the future. Let's wait and see.
Luoyang, the Millennium Imperial Capital, is an ancient city. Every inch of land is a period of history, so tourism is very developed. Because of its unique historical position, Luoyang once had a strong industry. Although it is a bit declining now, the overall economic strength is still in the top few in Henan.
The north gate of Anyang, Henan Province is also one of the ancient capitals and a famous cultural city. The most famous is the Yin Ruins in Anyang, so I feel that Anyang's tourism industry is also good. In addition, Anyang's industrial development is also good.
Puyang is in the northeast of Henan Province, which gives me the impression that there is a lot of oil and it is also developed because of oil. There was a classmate from Puyang before. Listen to him. Besides, Puyang is also the hometown of acrobatics in China.
Hebi, located in the north of Henan, is the seat of the holy list. Although I don't know much about it, its modern industry is good, like aerospace.
Xinxiang Xinxiang and Zhengzhou are separated by a river and belong to the Central Plains city circle. Its industry is very developed and it is a strong industrial city in Henan. I have been to Xinxiang. The city is well built and has many natural landscapes, which are suitable for traveling.
Jiaozuo Jiaozuo began to develop because of coal and related industries. Finally, due to the exhaustion of coal and environmental pollution, we began to vigorously develop tourism. Yuntai Mountain is a postcard of Jiaozuo. At the same time, Jiaozuo also has Tai Chi, which is also famous at home and abroad.
Jiyuan Jiyuan City is small, but it has a good economy and rapid development, otherwise it will not become a provincial capital city. I have been to Jiyuan before, which gives people a clean feeling.
In the westernmost part of Henan Province, Sanmenxia Yellow River Dam is famous. Because Sanmenxia is a mountainous area, the natural landscape is also very good.
Xuchang is close to Zhengzhou, with a good traffic location and a rich history. In recent years, it has developed rapidly and urban construction is good.
Luohe is a famous food city, I believe everyone knows it, such as Shuanghui, Spicy Bar and so on. Its economic strength should not be underestimated. At the same time, Luohe has a good ecological environment and is a beautiful northern water city.
Zhoukou Zhoukou has a large population and great development potential. It is easy to get in touch with Zhoukou people in Zhengzhou, which shows that there are many people going out to work in Zhoukou. At present, Zhenghe high-speed railway is under construction, which will definitely make Zhoukou develop further.
Shangqiu, located in the east of Henan, is a famous historical and cultural city and a national transportation hub.
Pingdingshan, located in the middle of Henan Province, is a resource and energy industrial base with good economic strength. In addition, it is a base for salt production.
Zhumadian is located in the south-central part of Henan Province with convenient transportation. It is also a brand city, represented by Wang Shouyi. It is also a tourist city, represented by Chaya Mountain.
Nanyang is the largest city in Henan province, with abundant industry and numerous natural landscapes, such as Xixia dinosaurs, famous historical and cultural cities and many celebrities (Zhuge Liang, Liu Xiu, etc. ). And Nanyangyu is also famous.
The south gate of Xinyang, Henan Province, the southernmost city, is also my hometown. Xinyang industry is in its infancy, with good traffic location, thoroughfare of three provinces and many natural scenery, Jigong Mountain and Dabie Mountain. Xinyang has a long history and is the birthplace of Chu culture. Coupled with the influence of Central Plains culture, Xinyang has the cultural characteristics of Chu Feng Chu Yun. Besides, Xinyang is also famous for its delicious food, tea and chestnut.
In a word, the cities in Henan briefly elaborate according to their own understanding, and please supplement the shortcomings.
I want to say that Henan is basically hot in Zhengzhou now, and the surrounding Luoyang, Kaifeng and Xinzheng are actually speculating around Zhengzhou. As the provincial capital, Zhengzhou is relatively rich in resources, and it has indeed gained some in recent years, such as free trade zone, airport and national central city. However, it has been over-interpreted or over-interpreted. The people's living standard is now, but the hype has been at least four or five years later. It is undeniable that Zhengzhou in the future will not be bad, but at present, there are actually some external strengths and hollow ones. How important the land economy is depends on the number of sites. How many leading international or domestic enterprises are there in this province? Or more generally, how much insurance and one gold did you pay, and how much did you get in the end? These are all examples that we can see around us, indicating that many places are still far from people's expectations. Let's talk about the difference with Wuhan first. In fact, the demolition and construction of Zhengzhou started several years ago, and it started a little slowly. From last year to now, the fiery qualification has returned to Hanhang, which has brought many excellent enterprises in an instant, but there is no movement in Henan, and this aspect is backward. Many concepts need time to ferment, haste makes waste, and short-term excessive speculation has great disadvantages. It hasn't been developed yet, a pool of muddy water, and there are many troubles in the follow-up.