Hakka, a Han nationality whose mother tongue is Hakka, is an important part of local residents in China, Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi and Taiwan Province provinces. Hakka, as an ancient Han immigrant group in the south, is one of the most widely distributed and far-reaching ethnic groups in the world.
Historically, almost all ethnic groups in China have experienced the migration of past dynasties and developed to this day. Today, the aborigines in Beijing and Shanghai are mainly immigrants hundreds of years ago, especially the main ethnic groups in Guangdong, Fujian and Taiwan Province provinces. Therefore, in thousands of years of migration history, Hakkas, like other migrant groups, have become aborigines in many places.
Extended data:
I. History
Hakkas are an important group and have lived in southern China for more than 2,000 years since the Qin Dynasty. It is one of the major local ethnic groups in Guangdong (Guangfu, Hakka, Chaoshan, Gaoliang, Siyi, Hailufeng, Shao Min in northern Guangdong, etc.) and one of the important local ethnic groups in Jiangxi and Fujian.
Several major ethnic groups in Guangdong are all mixed and assimilated by the earliest indigenous Baiyue in Lingnan. Hakka clans did not form later than other clans in Guangdong.
Because Hakka dialect was originally elegant in the Central Plains, it only absorbed some indigenous languages in the South, but the main body in the Middle Ages was still elegant. Hakkas came to Guangdong no later than other nationalities. The earliest settlers in Meizhou, Heyuan, Huizhou and other places in Guangdong were the Hakka ancestors who integrated the original ancient Yue ethnic group.
Second, the origin theory.
1. There are many theories about the origin of Hakka, mainly including Hakka nativism and Hakka nativism.
2. The theory of Hakka Central Plains holds that the main body of Hakkas is Central Plains immigrants, while the theory of Hakka aborigines holds that Hakkas are the * * * isomorphism produced by the mixture of Han people who moved south and ancient Vietnamese immigrants in the Fujian-Guangdong-Jiangxi triangle, and their main body is ancient Vietnamese living in this land, not a few Central Plains people living in this area.
3. However, historians seem to be more in favor of the "Central Plains Theory". They believe that Hakkas migrated from the Central Plains to the south, which is a branch of the Han nationality in southern China. Because I am in a foreign land, I call myself "Heluolang" because I am attached to my hometown Heluo (Luohe Valley centered on Luoyang).
4. The southward migration of Hakkas can be traced back to the time of Qin Shihuang, when the Han people in the Central Plains moved southward on a large scale and arrived in Meizhou through Gannan and Minxi, and finally formed a relatively mature and stable Hakka clan. Since then, Hakkas, based in Meizhou, have moved abroad in large numbers and moved to the whole country and even the rest of the world.
5. In this way, on the one hand, Hakka culture retains the mainstream characteristics of Central Plains culture, on the other hand, it contains the cultural essence of local ethnic groups. ?
6. Hakka ancestors originated in the Central Plains and Baiyue area in the south. After a long period of mutual integration, they lived in Jiangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Hunan, Taiwan Province, Qiong and other provinces, and gradually spread abroad, all over the world. Gannan is the first stop for Hakka ancestors to move south, and it is also one of the areas where Hakka people live most intensively.
The origin of the term "Hakka" is related to the migration of Hakka ancestors. As far as their place of residence is concerned, these people are "guests" who moved from other places. It can be said that without migration, there would be no title of "Hakka". ?
7. There are many reasons for the migration of Hakkas. The early days were mainly due to the pressure of disasters. Such as cruel wars, floods, droughts, insect pests and other catastrophic natural disasters and the epidemic of plague. Almost every large-scale war in the history of China has caused a great migration of Hakkas.
According to historical records, there was a great migration of Hakka ancestors during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. It is worth mentioning that there is also a special way of migration. It is said that in order to build the Epang Palace, Qin Shihuang drove tens of thousands of "wooden guests" from the Central Plains to the south of Jiangxi to cut trees and rejuvenate the country, but they stayed there before they were exhausted. This is probably the earliest ancestor of Hakka people in southern Jiangxi.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-Hakka