1. Classification of clean water pumps:
Single-phase clean water pumps are divided into self-priming water pumps, water-filled water pumps and submersible water pumps. The selection principles are:
< p>1. Self-priming clean water pump: The water source quality is good and the working position is relatively fixed. The suction lift is within 3.5 meters and the pipeline is stable. It can be used in domestic water supply in wells and orchard irrigation to reduce the trouble of filling water when pumping water. The actual lift is 22 meters. Below, the working efficiency is slightly worse than chemical pumps. When it is put into operation for the first time, circulating emptying water should be added first so that the water pump can complete self-priming.2. Water-filled clean water pump: The water source is of good water quality and the large mobile pipe is relatively unfixed. The actual head within a suction lift of 2.5 meters is within 32 meters. The flow rate of the water pump can be adjusted arbitrarily according to needs, adapting to professional fruit growing households. Spraying pesticides, irrigation and water supply, the work efficiency is high. The suction pipe should be well sealed.
3. Submersible clean water pump: The water source is sufficient and the lift is low. The valve is suitable for irrigation of farmland or orchards with large water volumes. Because the entire submersible pump is put into the water and works to push the water upward, reducing the water output will increase the load of the water pump. Therefore, do not install a valve in the outlet pipe of the submersible pump to prevent the motor from burning due to excessive resistance when the valve is closed and the water pump is started.
2. The correct use method of the clean water pump:
1. Before using the clean water pump, you should pay attention to: the voltage is consistent and the electricity is safe. Because the clean water pump works in a humid environment, the power supply A leakage protection switch should be installed before the switch.
2. Do not move the water pump when it is working. Place the bottom valve of the suction pipe vertically into the water for 0.4 meters.
3. When the water quality is poor, a filter should be installed to prevent debris from being sucked into the water pump and affecting the operation of the water pump.
3. Water pump troubleshooting method:
The clean water pump is a motor and a water pump that are connected as a whole. The fulcrum bearing of the motor rotor is also the water pump bearing. It uses rigid power transmission to make the water pump impeller rotate. Pressure reducing valve. There is only a 0.10-0.22 mm gap between the water pump impeller and the vortex housing. Debris and sand can easily jam the impeller, making the motor rotor unable to rotate and causing failure. From the analysis of repairing water pump failures, more than 80% of the motors are damaged due to stuck impeller. If you find that the motor does not rotate when you turn off the power switch, you should turn off the power in time. When the motor is working, the inductor generates a rotating magnetic field, and the motor will not be damaged in a short period of time. You can use a screwdriver to remove the back cover of the motor, rotate the fan blades left and right by hand until the back cover can be flexibly replaced, and then turn on the power.
1. Use of submersible pump
1. Inspection before use
(1) Check whether there are cracks in the casing of the submersible pump. If there are cracks, Cannot be used.
(2) Check whether the seals at the vent hole, water drain hole, oil drain hole and cable joint of the submersible pump are loose. If they are loose, they must be tightened.
(3) Check the insulation resistance of the submersible pump. Use a 500V insulation resistance meter to detect the insulation resistance. The insulation resistance should not be less than 5MΩ. If it is lower than this value, the water and air vents should be opened and dried or sun-dried before use.
(4) It is best not to have joints in the cable of the submersible pump. If there are joints, they should be wrapped up. The entire cable should not be damaged or broken, otherwise the cable should be replaced with a new one. In addition, the cables should be overhead and not too long.
(5) Correct the positive and negative poles of the power supply before starting to prevent the water pump from turning upside down and no water will come out.
(6) Before starting up, conduct a comprehensive inspection of the power supply lines and switches, and let it idle on the ground for 3 to 5 minutes. If it runs normally, put it into water and put it into use.
2. Things that should be paid attention to during use
(1) Different types of submersible pumps should be used according to the specified lift, and the inner diameter of the steel pipe, rubber pipe or sail pipe should be Meet technical requirements.
(2) The water outlet pipe should not be bent as much as possible. Find and repair the rupture of the water pipe in time to reduce power loss.
(3) When the submersible pump is put into the water or lifted out of the water, the rope on the earring must be pulled, and the cable must not be pulled, otherwise the cable will be damaged.
(4) Submersible pumps cannot pump sewage or water with a large sand content. This should be noted especially for submersible pumps that use mechanical seals.
(5) The power supply of the submersible pump should be selected according to regulations. The distance between the power supply and the water pump should not be too far. The voltage should be within ±10% of the normal value. A power supply of more than 1m should be buried at the power supply or water pump. An iron rod is used as a ground wire to ensure safety. The power supply must be grounded reliably and a leakage protector installed.
In addition, try to avoid starting the machine when the power supply voltage is too high or too low. If the voltage is too high, it will cause the motor to overheat and burn the winding; if the voltage is too low, the motor speed will decrease, which will cause the starting winding to heat up for a long time and even burn the winding and capacitor.
(6) The diving depth of the submersible pump is generally 0.5~3m, and it should be lifted vertically, not lying horizontally, let alone sinking into the sand.
(7) The submersible pump should use a circuit breaker as the control device, or a three-pole switch, but a 6A electric fuse must be installed.
(8) The submersible pump should not be "started" and "stopped" too frequently. It should be started again after an interval of 3 to 5 minutes after stopping. Because the current passing through the motor when starting is very large, if it is started frequently, the internal energy in the motor will Heat accumulates and the temperature rises, affecting the insulation performance of the winding and causing the winding to burn out.
(9) The submersible pump is not suitable for dehydration operation. When pumping water in the pool, attention should be paid to the drop in the water level to prevent the power source from being exposed to the water. The test time on the ground is 3~5 minutes, otherwise the motor will be burned out.
(10) The submersible pump should be supervised by a dedicated person during operation. If any abnormality is found, the power should be cut off immediately and inspected.
(11) When using the submersible pump, do not wash things, swim or put animals into the water nearby to prevent electric shock accidents. If leakage is found, cut off the power supply quickly and check and deal with it.
(12) When the impeller reverses after the water pump is running, it should be stopped immediately and any two of the three-phase core wires should be replaced to ensure normal operation.
2. Maintenance of submersible pumps
Submersible pumps use pumps and motors submerged in water. If the technical performance does not meet the requirements, not only will it not be possible to pump water, but it may also cause safety accidents. , so attention must be paid to the maintenance and upkeep of the submersible pump.
1. Check the seals frequently
If water enters the submersible pump, it will cause the motor to short-circuit and burn out. Therefore, the various seals of the submersible pump must be inspected before each use. Carry out inspection and tighten it in time if it is found to be loose. If the seal is damaged, replace it with a new one in time. After every 50 hours of operation, the submersible pump should be lifted off the ground and the seals should be inspected to ensure safe use.
2. Change the lubricating oil regularly
After the oil-immersed submersible pump has worked for 500 hours, the oil in the sealing chamber should be replaced. After one year of operation, the oil in the motor cavity should be replaced. And you should pay attention to the grade of the engine oil. The engine oil used in submersible pumps is generally No. 5 engine oil or No. 10 engine oil. Different brands of engine oil cannot be mixed. After the wet submersible pump has been running continuously for 2000 hours, the lubricating oil needs to be replaced once. The lubricating oil replaced is lithium-based grease, and calcium-based grease cannot be used.
3. Regular rust removal
After one year of use, the submersible pump should be inspected for corrosion, rust removed, and coated with a layer of anti-rust paint for protection.
4. Regular maintenance
After every two years of use, the submersible pump should be fully inspected, all parts should be folded, inspected, cleaned and lubricated, and then reassembled.
5. Storage and maintenance
When the submersible pump is not used for a long time, it does not need to be immersed in water. It should be lifted to the ground, wipe away the water stains, and hang it in a dry and ventilated room.
3. Common faults and troubleshooting methods of submersible pumps
1. The pump cannot start
Cause: the power supply voltage is too low; the circuit is broken somewhere; the pump impeller is damaged Foreign objects are stuck; the cable is broken; the voltage drop in the cable is too large, the cable plug is damaged; one of the three-phase cables is blocked; the windings in the motor room are burned out.
Troubleshooting method: adjust the voltage to 342V~418V; find out the cause of the power outage and eliminate it; disassemble the guide parts and remove debris; replace according to the cable specification table; use thicker cables; replace with new ones. Plug, check switch outlet and cable; overhaul the motor.
2. No water comes out after the pump is started, little water comes out or water comes out intermittently
Reason: the motor cannot be started; the pipeline is blocked; the pipeline is broken; the water filter is blocked; the water suction port is exposed Water surface;
The motor is reversed, the pump casing sealing ring, and the impeller are damaged; the lift exceeds the submersible pump lift rating too much; the impeller is reversed. Troubleshooting methods: eliminate circuit faults; clear blockages; repair welding or pipe replacement; clear blockages; reinstall; change the wiring position of the power cord; replace new parts; replace the high-lift pump; reinstall.
3. The motor cannot start and makes a sound
Cause: one phase is open circuit; the bearing holds the shaft; there is foreign matter in the impeller and the pump body is stuck.
Troubleshooting methods: Repair the circuit; repair or replace the bearing; remove foreign matter.
4. The water output from the pump is suddenly interrupted and the motor stalls
Cause: the air switch is tripped or the fuse is blown, the power is cut off; the stator winding is burned out; the impeller is stuck; wet diving There is a lack of water in the pump motor; there is a lack of oil in the oil-filled wet submersible pump motor.
Troubleshooting methods: Check for line faults and motor winding faults, and eliminate them; check the cause of power outages and eliminate faults; repair stator windings; remove debris; repair motors.
5. The current is too large and the ammeter pointer swings
Cause: the rotor is swept; the shaft and the bearing are not flexible in relative rotation; due to serious wear of the thrust bearing, the impeller and the sealing ring are worn together ; The shaft is bent and the bearings are not concentric; the dynamic water level drops below the water inlet; the impeller is not submerged deep enough, and the inhaled air causes vibration; the impeller compression nut is loose.
Troubleshooting methods: replace the bearing; replace or repair the bearing; replace the thrust bearing or thrust plate; send it to the factory for repair; adjust the throttle, reduce the flow or change the well; move the electric pump down; tighten the nut.
6. The unit vibrates violently during operation
Causes: The motor rotor is unbalanced; the water pump impeller is unbalanced; the motor or pump shaft is bent.
Troubleshooting method: Send to the factory for repair.