The Ming Tombs are the general name for the tombs of 13 emperors in the Ming Dynasty. It took more than 200 years from the seventh year of Yongle+June 20, 0409 to the fourth mausoleum in the early years of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty.
According to the order of mausoleum construction, the names of tombs are: Changling, Xianling, Jingling, Yuling, Maoling, Tailing, Kangling, Yongling, Zhaoling, Dingling, Qingling, Deling and Siling. The whole mausoleum * * * buried 13 emperors, 23 empresses, 1 concubines and dozens of imperial secretaries. There are also seven concubines' tombs, a eunuch's tomb, palaces, gardens and other ancillary buildings, all covering an area of 4,000 hectares. Experts believe that the Ming Tombs are the best preserved tombs in the world, with the largest number of emperors buried.
Of the 16 emperors in the Ming Dynasty, 13 were buried in the Ming Tombs. Zhu Yuanzhang, the great emperor of the Ming Dynasty, was the founding emperor, and his capital was Nanjing. After his death, he was buried in Zhongshan, Nanjing, known as Xiaoling Mausoleum in history. The second emperor, Zhu Jun _, disappeared in the battle for the throne in uncle and nephew, and there was no mausoleum. The third emperor Judy moved to Beijing and was buried in Changling at the foot of Tianshou Mountain in Changping County, 50 kilometers away from Beijing.
From Judy to the last year of Emperor Zong Yi during the reign of Zhu Youjian in the Ming Dynasty, 14 emperors were buried in the Ming Tombs, except Zhu Qiyu, who was buried in Jinshan in the west of Beijing after the restoration of the British Emperor. The location of the emperor's mausoleum is Feng Shui. The location of the Ming Tombs is considered to be a treasure trove of geomantic omen. Liao, a warlock in Jiangxi in the Ming Dynasty, said that there was an auspicious place called Mountain in the north of Changping, and there were two Dragon and Tiger Mountains in front of the mountain, forming a land of geomantic omen.
1On June 20th, 409, Judy decided to build a mausoleum here, and changed Huangtu Mountain to Tianshou Mountain, and the construction of Changling began. The Ming Tombs have a vast territory, and the Yanshan remnant vein comes from the northwest and becomes a natural barrier. After several rivers meet in the plain, they slowly flow eastward. The mountains are rolling and the trees are lush here.
When building the cemetery, because of the mountain, a12km fence was built around it. There are more than a dozen gates in the dangerous place of the city wall, as well as gates and enemy towers, which are guarded by defenders. In addition to defending the cemetery, it is also of great significance to set up a garrison in Beijing. Because the cemetery is located in the hub of northern Beijing, with huanghua town as the fortress in the north, Juyongguan in the west and Hebei and Liaoning in the east, its position is like the gateway to northern Beijing.
The earliest built Changling is the largest among the Ming Tombs, and it should be considered as Changling as soon as it enters the gate of the Grand Palace. It has the longest Shinto, the largest pavilion and monument, the largest temple and the largest treasure city. These are beyond the reach of the other twelve tombs. It took four years to build Baocheng and Changling underground palace. Treasure City includes city walls and fortified cities, with Judy's mausoleum in the middle. The tablet pavilion in Changling and the stone statues on both sides of Shinto were built more than 20 years after the completion of Baocheng and Underground Palace.
The layout of the Ming Tombs is very solemn. If the emperor built it himself before his death, the scale would be large; Buried by the next generation after death, on a slightly smaller scale. There is no clear record of how much manpower was used to build the Ming Tombs, but according to Renzong's records in the Ming Dynasty, there were nearly 6,543,800 military craftsmen directly serving in January when the Tombs were built. It can be seen that all the manpower used to build the Ming Tombs.
By the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Ming Tombs had fallen into disrepair. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Changling, Jingling and Yongling were renovated. 1959, Dingling Museum. Now, the Ming Tombs area has become a modern tourist attraction.