It's graduation season, and it's time for everyone to start writing their graduation thesis. To write a graduation thesis, you must write an abstract. The following is a complete abstract of graduation thesis on project cost. Welcome to read!
There are three problems in the design and construction of large-scale reclamation project on soft soil foundation: 1) lack of systematic and reasonable technology to optimize embankment section and reduce project cost; 2) Lack of linkage and coordination between design and construction; 3) There is a lack of systematic dike stability control technology in the construction to control the dike stability. In view of the above problems, this paper puts forward the stability technology of the system dike, mainly including design and construction: 1) puts forward the stability analysis method of the system dike from the design point of view; 2) From the construction point of view, the stability control method of the system dike is put forward.
Through the linkage of design and construction, the overall construction progress of the project is organically combined with the stability analysis of the dike by using various influencing factors in the project to realize the overall optimal project implementation scheme. This method requires designers and constructors to participate in the determination of design scheme and construction organization scheme, which can give full play to the advantages of technology and engineering practice and achieve the purpose of reducing project cost. At the same time, this method gives full play to the linkage and coordination between design and construction, grasps the coordination and cohesion of the whole project implementation sequence as a whole, and focuses on controlling the key points and keys of each section of dike construction, which fully embodies the close cooperation and unity between design scheme and construction organization, and is of great significance to controlling project quality and reducing project risks.
Reasonable and feasible control methods are put forward from the aspects of construction speed, construction process, closure of Longkou, dike monitoring and dike danger control. The systematic embankment stability control method provides theoretical support and guidance for the construction organization and construction quality control of embankment on soft foundation, and helps the constructors to effectively control the embankment stability during the construction process, thus reducing the engineering losses caused by embankment deformation.
With the rapid development of economy and society, people have higher and higher requirements for the structure and function of buildings, which makes a large number of intelligent buildings appear. The corresponding auxiliary facilities of various buildings are becoming more and more complicated. At present, pipelines in most buildings pass under the beams of structures, occupying a lot of building space. As a result, the project cost will inevitably increase, which is more prominent in high-rise buildings. The problem can be solved by opening a hole in the beam and letting the pipeline pass through the beam. It improves the space utilization rate, lightens the dead weight and reduces the load effect, thus reducing the engineering cost and obtaining more remarkable economic and social benefits.
Therefore, reinforced concrete beams with openings have broad application prospects.
In this paper, the bending capacity of reinforced concrete T-beams with holes in the abdomen under concentrated load is studied, considering circular holes and rectangular holes. Using ANSYS finite element analysis software, the working conditions of rectangular hole such as hole size, hole offset position, hole shape and height-width ratio are simulated and compared, and the changes of beam mechanical properties are studied. The results are as follows:
Under (1) concentrated load, the bearing capacity of the beam decreases with the increase of the hole size. When the hole deviates to the tension zone, the bearing capacity and deflection of the beam increase. However, when the distance between the bottom edge of the hole and the bottom edge of the beam is less than 200mm, the bearing capacity of the beam will decrease. However, when the hole diameter increases to ` 1/3 of the beam height, the offset position has little effect on the bearing capacity of the beam. When two kinds of holes with the same area are opened, the beam with rectangular holes has better mechanical properties than the beam with circular holes, and its bearing capacity will be improved. When the height of the two forms of holes is the same, the bearing capacity of the circular hole beam is higher.
(2) Under the uniform load, the bearing capacity of the beam is not affected by opening holes, and the bearing capacity still decreases with the increase of holes. For the sake of applicability, the distance between the bottom of the hole and the bottom of the beam is preferably 2150 mm. When a rectangular hole is opened, the bearing capacity of the beam will be slightly reduced when the aspect ratio of the beam is less than or equal to 1.5 and the opening height of the hole is less than or equal to 3/5 of the beam height. When the size of the rectangular hole exceeds this limit, the bearing capacity of the beam drops sharply.
In the past three years, the average annual growth rate of the output value of China's engineering cost consulting industry exceeded 15%, and the total output value of the whole industry reached 410.956 billion yuan in 20 13 years. The total number of cost engineers and cost engineers has exceeded 654,380,600, which has become a consulting service industry with a certain industrial scale. But there are many problems in the industry at present. The main bottleneck is that the current mainstream engineering cost software and technical means can not meet the needs of the industry. A lot of calculation work needs to be done manually or with the help of simple calculation tools. The calculation or audit of project quantity and price takes up more than 95% of the time of project cost consultants, and it is easy to miss and miscalculate, and the error rate is generally 5- 10%, or even higher. The backwardness of technical means leads to the problems of low per capita output value, narrow business scope and single service products in the engineering cost consulting industry.
Building information modeling (BIM) is a multidimensional data model, which has the characteristics of visualization, parameterization, digitization, collaboration and simulation, and supports various operations in engineering. The engineering cost consulting industry can set relevant parameters for designing BIM model according to the calculation rules of engineering quantity, and generate the calculated BIM model, so that the computer can automatically, quickly and completely calculate and summarize the engineering quantity, which can reduce the calculation time of cost consulting technicians by more than 70%, and the calculation results are more objective and accurate. The error rate of calculation results is less than 65438 0%. BIM technology frees cost consulting technicians from tedious and repetitive work, and can focus on high-end consulting services such as project economic evaluation, investment scheme optimization, risk control, whole project process and even whole life cycle cost management, thus expanding the service scope of engineering cost consulting industry.
Taking an actual project as an example, this paper applies BIM technology to provide engineering cost consulting services in the transaction and construction stages of the project. It is found that compared with traditional methods, BIM technology saves 75% of modeling and engineering calculation time, improves the accuracy of calculation results by more than 3%, reduces the overall consulting work time by about 50%, reduces the required cost consulting technicians by half, and has remarkable comprehensive benefits.
Although BIM technology is only used in the engineering cost consultation of a few projects in China at present, with the improvement of BIM technology and its wide application in engineering construction, we believe that BIM technology will be fully promoted and deeply applied in the engineering cost consultation industry in the near future. The engineering cost consulting industry should actively cultivate BIM technology application talents, set up BIM professional teams, and actively carry out BIM application testing and promotion. Government departments and engineering cost industry associations should support the application research and promotion of BIM technology in engineering cost consulting industry from policies, regulations, standards and even funds, so as to promote technological innovation and healthy and sustainable development of the industry.
With the increasingly fierce competition in China's construction market and the rapid expansion of construction enterprises, the imbalance between supply and demand has formed a buyer's market to some extent. In order to win the market share in the construction market, construction enterprises do not hesitate to obtain the project at a low price under the bidding mode of independent quotation under the bill pricing mode. However, due to its own management level, the profit of the project is meager or unprofitable, and even at a loss. Therefore, reasonably determining the project cost and effectively controlling the cost (expense) have become the top priority of the current project management of construction enterprises.
In this context, it is very important to integrate the concept of risk management into project cost management. As an important part of measuring the level of project management, the level of project cost management and risk management is one of the manifestations of the core competitiveness of construction enterprises at present.
This paper takes HD Construction Group Company as the research object, and finds out the problems existing in the project cost risk management of HD Construction Group Company by analyzing the current situation of the project cost risk management of the company. Aiming at the problems existing in the project cost risk management of HD Construction Group Company, the project cost risk management scheme of HD Construction Group Company is designed from three aspects: project cost risk identification, project cost risk evaluation, project cost risk response and control, and the guarantee measures for the implementation of the scheme system are formulated.
This study has obvious theoretical and practical significance for HD Construction Group Company to improve the level of project cost risk management and enhance profitability, and has reference significance for similar enterprises to reduce project cost risk.
With the influence of the current economic situation and macro-control, developers gradually realize the importance of cost control. The residential landscape orientation in Zhejiang Province is relatively high, and the requirements of developers for landscape quality are correspondingly improved, and the residents' appreciation level of landscape is also relatively high. In recent years, the real estate landscape is booming in Europe and America, and many developers ignore the input cost of the landscape, which is a luxury. In today's price control, the economic situation is getting colder, and their mentality is gradually calming down, only to find that the level of landscape is reflected in high cost performance, high quality standards and high service quality, rather than high cost, so landscape scheme optimization and cost control have become the top priority of landscape cost management. But what are the factors that affect the cost? What is the weight of each influencing factor? From what angle and direction can we control the landscape cost without affecting the landscape effect?
This paper focuses on the composition of landscape cost, through investigation and expert consultation, through collecting information, combined with my many years of work experience and related cases in my work, using the research method of analogy analysis. By analogy, the landscape cost of different projects and the landscape composition of residential areas are analyzed, and finally the main factors affecting the landscape cost are: the decision of developers; Design factors; Construction management; The local economic level and people's needs. And determine the weight of each influencing factor through expert scoring, data collection and subjective judgment. On the basis of analyzing the influencing factors, combined with the characteristics of each case, this paper tries to put forward some suggestions on cost optimization, such as reasonably designing the area ratio of hard landscape and soft landscape, adopting native tree species with high cost performance as skeleton tree, and rationally allocating the area ratio of ground cover and lawn. Taking Golden Dawn Phase II Landscape Project as a case, the optimization scheme is verified to further determine the feasibility of the optimization measures and the impact on the unilateral cost.
;