Zhangjiang River and Gongjiang River merge into Ganjiang River under Bajingtai, and they board this station, which is named Bajingtai. When the platform was completed, Kong, a local official who presided over the construction of the platform, painted what he saw on the stage as "Eight Scenes of Ganzhou" and asked Su Dongpo to write eight poems based on this painting. During Shao Shengyuan's reign (1094), Su Dongpo was relegated to Lingnan Road and visited Bajingtai when passing through Ganzhou. After visiting the beautiful scenery of Ganzhou, he deeply felt that the original poem failed to tell the truth, so he made up a follow-up article. The eight scenic spots in Ganzhou in Song Dynasty are Shilou, Zhanggongtai, Baique Tower, Zao Gai Lou, Yugutai, Mazuyan, Chenwaiting and Fengshan. In the Qing Dynasty, due to the change of landscape, the eight sights seen on Bajingtai were: Santai Zhi Ding, Ershui Circulation, Yuyan jathyapple, Baogai Chaoyun, Chutan Xiaojing, Tianzhu Qinglan, Maya Zen Shadow and Yanta Wenfeng. First, during the Jiayou period of the Northern Song Dynasty, Confucius, the former governor of the state, built a tower on it because "the city was bitten by water, and the northeast was particularly easy to pad", and asked Su Dongpo to write poems on it. Su Dongpo described in Preface to the Eight Diagrams of Ganzhou (III): "South" Su Dongpo wrote eight poems on the pavilion of the tower according to the Eight Diagrams, and this tower has been called the Eight Diagrams since then. Su Dongpo's "Eight Realms" at that time were Shilou, Zhanggongtai, Baique Building, Zao Gai Lou, Yugutai, Mazuyan, Chenwaiting and Kongtong Mountain. This is the first "Eight Scenes" in the history of China. One is to sit and watch the rushing around the stone building and have a good time. Three rhinos steal the Qin satrap, and eight chants chat with Hou. "Tongzhi Ganzhou Prefecture Records" records: "The stone building goes to the government for a mile, and Su Shi's poem" Sit and watch the flow around the stone building "is here." Where is this stone building? Talking about it is the eight realms themselves. According to Tongzhi County's comments, "... running around is only enough for this stop, otherwise there will be a stone building at the end of Ghost Corner" (4). "New Records of Ganxian County" also records that Shilou went to the government to rule a mile. Another story says that it was named after an article written by Comrade Wan Lu 1985/KLOC-0 in Gannan Daily on October 20th: "According to historical records, Shilou is located six miles north of the city. There is a building that is so high, and there are seven rooms next to it, but it is ruined. " I agree with the first statement. Kong can entertain guests in the stone building and watch the rushing river go around the building. These are the eight realms. "There is a stone building at the end of turtle horn" is an untenable assumption. Near the end of turtle horn, there are Zhang Gongtai and Baique Building, all of which are among the Eight Chants. There is also a Hejiang Tower in the north of Bajing, and Wen Tianxiang has a poem about Hejiang Tower: "The quail's tail is famous for the sky, and the tiger's head says the world. The spring breeze never leaves, and the autumn rain falls on two or three continents ... (5) "But Wen Tianxiang has another poem about stone buildings. There is a sentence in the poem, "The long wall is connected with grass trees, the water shines on the balcony from afar, the eight borders are smoky, and people from six streets come and go." (6) It can be seen that Hejiang Building is not a stone building. Judging from the poetry of Wen Tianxiang Shilou, Shilou should also be an eight-level platform. The Eight Classics Platform has been repeatedly disturbed and abandoned. In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, Yang fought against the Qing Dynasty in Ganzhou, and Bajingtai was destroyed by the war. In the second year of Kangxi, in the eighteenth year of the Republic of China, it was destroyed by fire and was later restored. In a sense, it is a symbol of Ganzhou. 1July, 976 13, after burning down, 19801February 9, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Hu Yaobang instructed to rebuild. Secondly, the peach head hits the city alone, and the bow is cold in front of it. Tired passengers think infinitely, and lonely clouds are in Chang' an. This scene is Zhanggongtai, which no longer exists today. Jiayou Zhaobian is a state guard, which was built on the former site of Ye Yue and Yejing Pavilion in the northwest, and it is recorded. According to the full map of Fuzhou's Annals of Ganzhou, the site is in the northeast of Ganzhou No.5 Middle School, and the power supply station is close to the city wall. There are poems by Song and Zhao Debates, Ming and Yang Heqing. Third, there are white magpies in front of the building, and Yunling Road is clear. Old friends should be outside Qianshan, don't send plum blossom letters. The Baique Building, north of Bajing Taipei, no longer exists. The fourth Zhu Lou is late at night, and the soap cover is half awake. At dusk, the fisherman has gone, and Qingxi is around the snail pavilion. There are two versions of this scene. One is Luoting, located 70 miles southeast of Ganxian County. Tongzhi Ganxian County Annals holds this view. "Strange Tales" says: "The snail pavilion is in Nankang County. There was once a virgin who collected snails as a profession. She once stayed in this pavilion and ate its meat, so it was named snail pavilion. " According to "Annals of Ganzhou County" (Volume 4, Mountain), there is Jixin Stone in 60 miles east of the city, and Luoting Stone in 10 east of the city. There is a snail-picking girl buried next to the snail pavilion, and the stone snails that have turned into countless shells are buried. Dongpo's poem "Bixi Qingzhang circling the snail pavilion" refers to this. One said it was soap Gai Lou, but the author thought it was. Because this scene is what the poet saw when drinking soap, the main body of Zhu Lou is soap, which is set off from the perspective of Luoting. If the snail house is one of the "eight scenic spots", I think the snail girl died of snails, so what a pity the snail girl is! It is by no means a touching legend, but there are countless fossils of snails and shells, which make people stunned and not beautiful. Wen Tianxiang's poems about Gai Lou are beautiful: surrounded by water towers, a painting opens in the air. A dragonfly walks on Ficus pumila, and the shadow of the bird is covered with raspberry moss. The sky has fallen for thousands of years, and a glass of Qingshan wine. The evening smoke is not over, and the bright moon is still (7). There are eight realms and poems after the Song Dynasty, and different people have different opinions. There are snail pavilions and soap covers (8), but the poems about snail pavilions are not clear, and there are more poems about soap. Unfortunately, Soap Gai Lou and Luo Ting are gone. Fifth, you go to Zen in your spare time and hope that the jungle will be disappointed. After becoming a Buddha, he did not teach spiritual luck, but made his ancestors follow the whip. At the end of the sentence, I wrote: "flogging is always the fear of ancestors." This scene is about Mazu Rock, and Mazu Rock Temple no longer exists. Sixth, looking at the dust from the outside, the endless tower is misty and rainy. The scenery is charming, just looking for an isolated tower to recognize the west and the east. This scene describes Mazuyan's dusty pavilion, which no longer exists. Although the fourth sentence mentioned the stupa of Ciyun Temple in the city, no one said it was one of the "Eight Scenes" written by Su Dongpo. Later, many old scenes disappeared without a trace, and this pagoda was found in the new "Eight Scenes", which is another story (note). Seven, Yugutai is foggy and the rain is half open. I want to see Haicheng, Jianggong is Penglai. This scene was written in the fishing drum platform, which was completely renovated in 1984. Its eight peaks are chaotic and uneven, which is well known outside the cloud. Who makes an empty mountain and a bright moon, and Woodenhead interprets poetry in the mountains. The eighth scene of Su Shi's poems, on the one hand, is Shangluo Mountain, on the other hand, is set in the Taiping universe (9). One is Kongtong Mountain, which is based on Nankang Ji. I advocate the latter. In an article published in Gannan Poetry Talk, Wan Lu decided that Su Dongpo's last poem was about mountain scenery and a general description of Shangluo Mountain. If you have such a meaning, it is better to use Kongtong Mountain, because Kongtong Mountain is the lookout mountain in Qianzhou. In his poems, Su Dongpo spoke highly of "a place that is not a Kongtong, but a gentleman in China", "a man in the mountains interprets poetry", and the notes in Nankang Ji are poetic. This is very interesting because it is related to another record about Kongtong Mountain in Tongzhi Ganzhou Annals. "There are more than one hundred foothills in the south of the county seat, and there are lakes at the top of the mountain. The bottom of the lake is fat or moving, and the wind and rain stand. " And the Kongtong Mountain is also called an empty mountain (10). According to the eighth scene of Old Records of Ganxian County, "If it weren't for the Kongtong Mountain, the characters in the second language empty mountain would overlap" (1 1), Su Dongpo wouldn't write like this. As for Nankang Ji, it is said that there is a platform on the mountain. Unfortunately, the name of the platform has not been handed down. When the old man Chen Hui was giving a lecture, Bao Zheng asked Yu Kongshan. I'm afraid they have all boarded this platform! Su Dongpo wrote an introduction to philosophy and literature in front of Eight Pictures of Ganzhou: "... Perilla said: This is a scenic spot in Nankang, why are there eight?" What you see is different. Besides, if a son doesn't see his husband's day, his Dan is like a plate, among which he is like a pearl, and his evening is like a broken wall. This wait is three days! If you know that my husband's realm is eight, then all the changes of cold and heat, morning and evening, rain, sitting, standing, sadness and joy, and mood will touch my eyes and feel my heart. There are countless people, so it is special! If you know that your husband is one eighth, then your husband is four seas away. The book Yu Gong was written by Zou Yan and given by him, although there is no difference. The gentleman of the future will certainly feel thoughtful, and it is a poem with eight chapters and one title. Su Dongpo made a general evaluation of Eight Poems and mentioned "Eight Poems Chatting with Hou" in the first poem, which shows that there was no such thing as "Eight Scenes" in society at that time. Su Dongpo wrote eight songs instead of seven or nine, which made people think that Shen Yue had only eight songs, indicating that he really didn't want to create the first "Eight Scenes". As for Shen Yue's "Eight Poems", there are eight (12), such as Looking at the Autumn Moon on the Stage, Appreciating the Spring Breeze in the Garden, Mourning the Grass at the End of the Year, Mourning the Tung in first frost, Listening to Xiao Hong in the Morning, Sending her to the City, and Keeping in Brown, Shandong, all of which do not describe the specific scenery and place. Full of lonely, miserable and illusory emotions such as "fallen flowers", "dried grass", "early frost", "deep dusk", "lonely moon" and "faint blue", it is not desirable ideologically. Although Shen Yue was knowledgeable and wrote a lot, historians commented that he "knew nothing about glory and wealth and was quite tired of empty talk" (65438+. The first "Eight Scenes" in China came into being with Su Dongpo's great efforts, and it spread under the name, which made the "Eight Scenes" in Ganzhou worth a hundred times and had a great influence. Su Dongpo and Kong, the designer of "Eight Scenes", had unexpected consequences. Zhang Zhaocheng's father and son and the Eight Scenes of Ganzhou (Wen Rui) in Qing Dynasty (Santai Zhi Ding, Ershui Liuliu, Yuyan jathyapple, Baogai Chaoyun, Chutan Xiaojing, Tianzhu Qinglan, Moye Zen Shadow and Yanta Wenfeng) have the significance of connecting the past with the future. From 1067, Su Dongpo wrote the Eight Scenes of Song Dynasty for Kong, a suburb of Shandong, to the Eight Scenes of Ganzhou written by Zhao Cheng and his son, the time span was nearly 600 years. From the Eight Scenes of Zhang Zhaocheng and his son to the emergence of modern Eight Scenes of Ganzhou, the time span is as long as 300 years. In the two time spans, the historical space is huge, and social nature and even mountain geography have undergone earth-shaking changes. Therefore, exploring the Eight Scenes in Qing Dynasty has far-reaching historical significance for us to study the Eight Scenes culture in Ganzhou today. In the thirteenth year of Yongzheng, Zhang Zhaocheng was transferred to the magistrate of Ganxian County, and his father and brother Zhang also came to Ganzhou. Ganzhou city entered a cultural peak because of the arrival of the three fathers and sons, which formed the cultural anecdote of eight scenes in Ganzhou. Zhang Sanren, a native of Cizhou (now Cixian) in Hebei Province, is a well-read person. Among them, "Zhang Zhaocheng was an official school in the Eight Gongjiao, and in the thirteenth year of Yongzheng, Zhigan County. "The records about him in the history books are quite praised, saying that he is' talented and capable' and can shoulder heavy responsibilities. Shortly after he entered the city, "Please move the Restoration Palace (the Confucian Temple) to the old site in the east of the city", that is, restore the county school under the existing Ciyun building, and personally participate in the management and teaching activities of the county school after his official position, and select a group of ambitious and ambitious young students to serve in his county department. After six years of painstaking efforts, the talents in Ganxian county have gradually grown up. At that time, there was no social warehouse in Ganxian county, so Zhang Zhao tried his best to persuade rich households to donate grain and set up warehouses in urban and rural areas for storage in case of crop failure in disaster years. Shuidong area in Ganzhou City has been called the Flame Mountain since ancient times, and the mountain is red. Zhang Zhaocheng was worried that the people were suffering from fire and blood disease, so he took the lead in planting pine trees and encouraged the urban and rural people to participate together, and finally achieved today's lush Wansongshan. In order to prevent floods, he also asked the people along the three rivers in Zhanggong and Jiangxi to plant banyan dikes, which made banyan trees inside and outside Ganzhou, especially on the six banks of the three rivers, a scene, and the floods in Ganzhou were obviously controlled. During his tenure, he also carried out activities that won the hearts of the people, such as "repairing the wall of Eight Wells, cleaning up the government offices and adopting babies". His series of actions greatly touched the people of Ganzhou city. His noble virtue won him the love of the people, and scholars spontaneously donated money to build an ancestral temple for him to show his virtue. Because of his outstanding achievements, Zhang Zhaocheng was later promoted to be a Tongzhi of Raozhou Prefecture, and later served as a magistrate of Ji 'an, Nanchang and Jiaxing. Today, when we look at Zhang Zhaocheng, we will feel that his greatest achievement is not his political achievements, but the "Eight Scenery Map" that he and his father Zhang (the son of Che, who wrote Selected Works and Quandelu) and his younger brother Zhang drew for Ganzhou City. This is a cultural problem, or it may just be the product of their father and son's leisure. However, political content is what every politician must do, and cultural content is not necessarily what every politician can do. Once this cultural content is established, it has been a link between the past and the future for nearly a thousand years! When Zhang Zhaocheng took office is unknown, and no one can remember how many times he went to Bajingtai. This time, Zhang is still "taking the eldest son to take care of the ride, and taking the second son to take care of Li". He walked ahead with great interest. They walked up and down the stage, looking around the mountains and rivers, looking back at their predecessors and talking about Su Dongpo and his eight scenic poems. Zhang thinks Su Dongpo's Eight Scenes Poems are works that yearn for happiness in the distance, but Su Gong can sing famous works in "Wind and Rain Crossing Waves Mountain", and even his old father Su Xun, who visited Ganzhou decades ago, is therefore "enough to be told with mountains and rivers". Zhang said that he "didn't dare to look at Su's". In fact, on the contrary, he is more interested in Sue and his son. He thinks that Su Dongpo and his eight scenic poems make his father Su Xun's experience in Ganzhou (Su Xun has been to Tianzhu Temple in Ganzhou) a classic. Now that my son is a magistrate in Ganzhou, we can also do some articles on the eight scenic spots in Ganzhou, which can not only "chat" but also compare the elegance of Su and his son. So, the three of them, father and son, divided eight scenes according to the scenery they saw at Bajingtai (see "Records of the Place Names of Ganzhou City"). On the Bajingtai, the farthest scenery is the peak mountain and the reservoir. In the eyes of Qing people, Fengshan is the Feng Shui Mountain in Ganzhou City, guarding the Three Rivers and gathering Feng Shui; Chutan is the wind pool of Ganzhou city, which brings together the geomantic omen of Ganjiang River and Ganzhou. Zhang and his son think that Chutan is "the distant view of Taiwan Province"-Chutan is like a giant mirror, with clear water and wide river surface, which can reflect eight views of Taiwan Province and is the soul of Taiwan Province Yantai. With such a poetic understanding of Chutan, Chutan surpassed himself-not only to sacrifice and pray for safe passage through the temple, but also to find the body in a deep roundabout. Then, on an early spring day, Zhang Zhao and his son met and came to the Chu altar, and wrote the beautiful Sutra of the Chu altar respectively, which showed the wonderful artistic conception of the Chu altar to the fullest. For decades, due to the depletion of water resources, the riverbed of Ganjiang River has risen, the water surface has narrowed and the water flow has decreased, which has affected the famous "Chutan Small Well" scene. Coupled with the prosperity of the industrial revolution, air pollution and reduced visibility, the beautiful scenery of "Chutan Xiaojing" can't be seen at all from Bajing Station. Chu Tan Xiao Jing gradually withdrew from the "Eight Scenes" cultural stage.
As for the former "Eight Scenes of Xiaoxiang", where does it refer, and where exactly does it point? It can be said that there are different opinions. Some people think that the scenery of Dongting Lake can be ignored. Some people say it is another name for Xiangjiang River. Some people even assert that the name of hydrated Xiaoxiang in Hunan is in the north of Lingling County, Hunan Province, where Xiaoxiang Town is located. (See the new editions of Ci Hai and Ci Yuan respectively) It seems very abstract.
In recent years, the author has participated in the discussion of local chronicles, but found historical accounts that are inconsistent with the above conclusions or need to be enriched. According to Changsha Chronicle, Mi Fei, a great painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, quoted Poems and Postscripts on Eight Scenes in Xiaoxiang, and the following two paragraphs are worth noting:
"I bought Li Yingqiu's eight paintings, worshipped the stones and laid them down one by one."
"(Dongting) south of the lake can be named Xiaoxiang. If it is north of the lake, it is Han, and the noodles are soup, which can't be called Xiaoxiang. "
This can provide us with a new proof different from the previous conclusion. The person known as "Li Yingqiu" was Li Cheng at the end of the Five Dynasties and even at the beginning of the Song Dynasty. His birth and death years were from the fifth year of Hou Liangzhen Ming to the fifth year of Gande in the Northern Song Dynasty (namely 9 19-967). Li Xianxi was originally an imperial clan in the Tang Dynasty. The ancestors lived in Chang 'an, and then moved to Yingqiu (now southeast of Changle County, Shandong Province), which was called "Liyingqiu". His ancestors and father are both cultural celebrities. Li Cheng has read many classics since childhood, and is good at poetry, piano, chess and games, and is good at painting landscapes, especially in Cold Forest in the Plain. During the Five Dynasties, landscape painting in the Northern Song Dynasty formed three schools: He, Guan Tong and Fan Kuan.
It can be seen that the patent right to invent "Eight Scenes" should not allow Song Di to specialize in beauty. There is at least one Li Cheng who was born 100 years earlier than Song Di. It can also be inferred that the upper limit of "Eight Scenes" can be traced back to at least the Five Dynasties or the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty. Compared with Song Di, which originated in the Northern Song Dynasty, it can be "revised" 100 years, that is, it lasted for thousands of years.
It is worth mentioning that Li Cheng's original works are rare in the Northern Song Dynasty. What are the similarities and differences between Li Yingqiu's Painting Eight Scenes and Song Di's Eight Scenes in Xiaoxiang? Unfortunately, we can't get physical evidence comparison today. According to textual research, the Museum of Cultural Relics in Liaoning Province has a map of a small cold forest and a map of a snowy mountain in Taiwan Province Province, but professional researchers all think that they are replicas rather than originals. I hope that someone will make a new proof for this in the future and solve the "unsolved case".