Introduction: Tips for answering non-choice questions in geography? Whether the answer to non-choice questions is efficient is the key to success or failure in the college entrance examination. As long as students carry out standardized training according to the answer ideas, study more real college entrance examination questions, and constantly build their own answers Template, you will be able to successfully break through the bottleneck of answering non-choice questions! Tips for answering non-choice questions in geography
1. Scientific review of questions
From a structural point of view, test questions generally consist of question stems (situational materials) ) and test questions. When reviewing the question, first search for the central word of the question. If necessary, you can use marking (such as adding emphasis) to remind yourself that you should answer the question around the central word and requirements; secondly, review the conditional qualifiers, and conduct relevant knowledge based on the content and nature of the conditional qualifiers. Migrate, filter, determine the scope of the answer, and list the key points of the answer; finally, combine the answer words and content answer words, further refine, and finally form an answer that meets the meaning of the question.
(1) Do a good job in reviewing the question stem (situation material)
The situation of the test question is often composed of text and various diagrams. Generally, it will examine the time and space scope of the question and the connotation of the situation. Direct or indirect provisions. Since the content of the college entrance examination questions is often integrated into certain situations, and the information provided also shows a strong comprehensiveness, candidates are required to not only accurately grasp each piece of information, but also refine and analyze the information. and the ability to integrate.
① Interpretation of chart materials
The map test covers a wide range of content and the graphic design is novel. It mainly tests the candidates' ability to interpret and transfer pictures. When interpreting charts, candidates often make mistakes due to various reasons. Therefore, if they want to answer the test questions correctly, they must follow the interpretation ideas step by step: First, they must carefully review the questions, pay attention to the key words in the question stems, and clearly set the questions. Point; second, read the map title clearly and clarify key information such as region, time, and graphic elements contained in the map title; third, carefully read the legend and coordinates, and pay attention to different legends reflecting different geographical things and phenomena; fourth, interpret geography Quantitative characteristics of things or phenomena (including overall characteristics and changing trends, etc.) and think about the causes. When analyzing the numerical value, pay special attention to the peak value of the value and the change pattern of characteristic values ??over time and space, and think about the causes. If it is a composite graph, you must Pay attention to the interpretation of quantitative relationships, causal relationships, etc. between different geographical things or phenomena; fifth, read correctly according to the requirements of the test questions, make appropriate calculations, and connect with relevant knowledge to find out the laws of geographical things, explain or analyze and describe geographical phenomena , answer correctly.
The various geographical elements displayed in the table are closely related, and the data in the table are objective and true. When answering questions, you should extract effective information from the data in the table, such as the changing pattern of the highest value or the lowest value, comparison of data with each other, etc. Discover problems from the table and use knowledge outside the table to solve problems.
② Interpretation of text materials
When reading text materials, you should pay attention to: get the time, date and time from the introduction of the material (mostly at the beginning of the material) and the source of the material (mostly at the end of the material) Characters, events and other elements, because these explanatory texts often give candidates some hints and guidance, and may hide the information needed to solve the problem; obtain effective information from the beginning, end and both sides of the ellipsis of the main material (text).
(2) Do a good job in reviewing the test questions
The most important thing is to grasp the key words in the questions, correctly understand the meaning of the questions, grasp the direction of the propositions, and be targeted. There are several key words in the non-choice questions: topic center words, conditional qualifiers, content answer words, solution method words, etc. The central word of the question is the direct object of the answer discussion, the conditional qualifier is generally the scope of geographical things, time or the nature of the answer, etc. The content answer word is the content that must be answered for the question, and the answer method word is the method requirement for answering the question. For example, "Brief description of the favorable factors for water energy development in the illustrated area", the answer method word is "Brief description", the conditional qualifier is "illustrated area", the central word of the question is "Favorable factors for water energy development", and the content answer words It's a "favorable factor".
(3) Answer questions with more points, but avoid taking points repeatedly
When marking the college entrance examination, points are generally not deducted for multiple answers or incorrect answers (as long as they are not inconsistent). , so when we answer questions, in addition to answering the conventional answer points according to the usual ideas, we should think as divergently as possible and add as many answer points as possible. However, candidates often make fuss about the same score point and write many items, but only have one score. For example, when analyzing the industrial location factors of a certain place, some candidates wrote that it has a dense railway network on land, roads extending in all directions, and convenient coastal and maritime transportation. It is an important airport. In fact, this is all based on the score point of "transportation". The answer can only be Score a point.
(4) Make full use of useful information in materials
In recent years, the college entrance examination has highlighted candidates’ thinking process and ability to analyze and solve geographical problems by retrieving information and applying information. Non-choice questions often have a long material, while the questions are short. When taking non-choice questions, many candidates glance at the material in a hurry and can't wait to answer the questions. As everyone knows, the materials are carefully selected by the test taker and provided to the candidates, and they contain a lot of information essential for answering the questions. Many non-choice questions are actually material analysis questions. When answering questions, you should try to make use of the information in the materials and find answer points from the materials. When the information obtained from the materials does not completely match the information in the memory bank, the information in the given materials should be used as the basis.
2. Mobilize and use knowledge to connect geographical knowledge with test question requirements
(1) Think comprehensively and comprehensively analyze and answer questions: ① Screen out the information that is helpful for solving the problem Information, by reading and analyzing the material, divide the long material into several fragments and find out the useful information of each fragment respectively; divide the short material into sentences and find out the meaning of each sentence; if the material is only one sentence, find out its Key words, such as time, place, people, evaluation of events, etc. Analyze it layer by layer in this way to find out all the information contained in the material. ② Analyze the connection points between materials and geographical knowledge. Although the material analysis questions have the characteristics of "new materials, new situations, and new problems", they must be inseparable from the textbooks. Compare the key information in the material with the important geographical principles and laws in the textbook, connect the material with the textbook knowledge, and then analyze the material in depth to clarify the direction of problem solving. ③Find the connection points between materials and equipment. Reading materials is to answer the questions, and answering the questions cannot be separated from the materials. Therefore, when reading the materials, you should always think about the questions, put the questions into the materials, and read or find out the information to answer the questions from the materials. Then, through speculation and judgment, the answer is derived.
(2) Clarify the clues and conduct logical reasoning: In recent years, the tendency of propositions in college entrance examination questions is to conceal conditions, set up obstacles layer by layer, and have no obvious direction. The reasoning can only be judged based on conditions. Therefore, there are high requirements for the rigor and logic of candidates' thinking.
(3) Multi-angle and flexible knowledge transfer: Many geography images can be transformed into each other, making the proposition form flexible and diverse. For example, flagpole shadow, window light, building distance, solar water heater, earth latitude and longitude grid, curve coordinate chart, etc. can be used to examine the sun's height. Therefore, candidates should be good at transferring knowledge and applying it flexibly.
(4) Integrate theory with practice and use principles to solve problems: organically combine geographical principles and laws with current hot spots and focus issues, and candidates must learn to use geographical principles to solve practical problems.
3. Point-based scoring
The college entrance examination grading is a streamlined operation. Teachers have to read a huge number of test papers in a short period of time, so "picking points" becomes scoring. basis. Therefore, for candidates, if they want to improve the score rate of non-choice questions, "answering questions by answering questions" is an effective method.
(1) Determine the scoring points and determine the basic idea of ??answering the question
Each non-choice question often contains several scoring points. To select points to answer the question, you must first clarify the scoring of the question. There are several points and what aspects they are about, and then you can master the basic ideas of answering the questions.
① There are several scoring points based on the score: The reason why many candidates do not get high scores is often because they miss some points in their answers. A wise approach is to look at the score first. Based on the score, you can basically determine how many points you should score.
If the score is 3 points, it is mostly 3 points; if the score is 6 points, it may be 3 or 6 points. Therefore, when answering questions, in order to get full marks as much as possible, the answer points cannot be less than the points scored.
② Determine the basic direction of scoring points based on the questions: You must carefully analyze the questions to be answered and clearly understand what is being asked, so as to avoid wrong answers or answers that are not what was asked. When solving the problem, you should determine the basic direction of the scoring points based on the keywords. For example, when analyzing location factors, it should be done from two aspects: natural factors and socio-economic factors; when evaluating impacts, both beneficial and adverse impacts must be considered; if it is required to analyze natural location factors, socio-economic factors, etc. cannot be answered.
③ Use knowledge reserves to determine possible scoring points: After clarifying the basic direction of the answer, the knowledge stored in the memory bank will come in handy. Search the memory database and determine the specific scoring points based on the knowledge network. For example, the natural location factors that affect agriculture mainly include climate, topography, soil, water sources, etc., then these four aspects are the specific scoring points.
Of course, it is not easy to do the above points well. First of all, you must develop a good habit of carefully reviewing the questions in your daily life. You may wish to check and circle the key words in the test questions frequently to increase your sensitivity to the key words in the test questions. Secondly, the basic knowledge reserve must be comprehensive and the knowledge network must be very familiar. Finally, be familiar with the answering ideas for common non-choice questions, which can be summarized from typical cases. For example, when analyzing traditional industrial areas, we can refer to the analysis ideas of the Ruhr area. When analyzing the impact of cross-regional resource allocation, we can refer to the impact of the "West-East Gas Pipeline". When analyzing the prevention and control of ecological problems, we can refer to the prevention and control of desertification in the northwest.
(2) Pay attention to details and answer questions
After candidates have clarified the basic scoring points and the basic ideas for answering questions, the next step is how to express them. ① Grasp the key words and express them in standardized geographical language. The standardization and accuracy of written expression will directly affect the score. Often candidates feel that they have answered all the scoring points, but their final score is not high. The reason is that the expression is either inaccurate or irrelevant. When marking papers, teachers pay most attention to keywords and use them to judge whether candidates answer questions correctly. This enlightens us that we should usually use standardized geographical language to memorize. There is no doubt that the language in geography textbooks is the most standardized geographical language.
② Pay attention to organization and hierarchy. When answering questions, be sure not to mix the scoring points together. There must be a clear hierarchy so that the marking teacher can see at a glance which aspects you answer from, and the scoring points are clear at a glance. At the same time, you must distinguish between priorities, write the most important ones at the front, the less important ones closely behind, and the unimportant ones at the end or ignore them. Let’s take the analysis of location conditions of monsoon paddy field agriculture as an example to see how to answer the questions in a clear and coherent manner.
4. Express answers scientifically, logically and comprehensively
? Concise, clear and to the point? The purpose of standardizing answers to yes-or-no multiple-choice questions.
(1) Pay attention to extracting comprehensive, accurate and effective information from pictures and materials, and be able to transfer knowledge appropriately. The answer comes from the extraction, induction and integration of information, which is called "discussing from pictures (tables, texts)".
(2) Standardize the terminology, return to the teaching materials, and use geography terminology to describe it. When brewing a language problem, one should put nature first, then socio-economics. First major, then minor. First one's own reasons, then other reasons. First primary then secondary, first top then bottom, first internal then external, etc. When answering questions, many candidates clearly know the direction of the answer and know the answers, but their expressions are not standardized and use non-professional terminology, resulting in insufficient language expression.
(3) Answers must be standardized, serialized, and paragraphed. How many questions are there, how many points (paragraphs) are divided into to answer the question, answer the question in paragraphs and points, and try to serialize each point. Be organized, answer questions in points, and form a "knowledge chain". To answer questions, you must first understand the steps to answer the questions. Answer whatever is asked. If you ask a few questions, write it in several sections.
(4) Write neatly, leaving no gaps, and the handwriting is neat. Details determine success or failure. Students should also pay attention to eliminating typos, especially keywords. These good habits should be gradually developed during daily review.
Tips for answering non-choice questions in geography
1. For multiple-choice questions, read the sub-question first and then read the topic. Geography multiple-choice questions are all in a situation with two or three small questions. This requires candidates to consider the topic when reviewing the questions. Both the stem (pictures or text) and the sub-topics must be read clearly. Do not only read the sub-topics and ignore the topic stems.
It is recommended that candidates use the shortest possible time to read the content of the sub-questions first, and then read the topic topics, so that they can purposely obtain the information for answering the questions from the topic topics, thus saving time. , improve efficiency. In the process of reading the question stem, attention should be paid to finding keywords, and candidates are advised to mark the keywords in the test paper.
2. Use image-to-image conversion or image-to-text conversion to focus on image-to-image conversion or image-to-text conversion.
If you encounter multiple-choice questions about the movement of the earth in the college entrance examination, you must pay attention to the conversion between pictures and pictures. Now it seems that the general pictures about the movement of the earth are relatively abstract, and it is not easy for students to directly obtain information and answers. At this time, they must use their own knowledge reserves and the information points given in the original pictures to convert the more abstract pictures, so as to Simplify the diagram and use your newly drawn diagram to get answers to the questions. For some questions on earth motion, there may only be text materials. In this case, students should try to convert the text materials into graphic materials. This will help students understand the questions and make the answers more intuitive.
3. Non-choice question types are divided into five categories. Geography non-choice question types are divided into five categories:
Feature description (or brief description), cause analysis, location analysis, meaning list, and suggestions List.
1. Characteristic description question
When answering the characteristic description question, you must first make it clear that the question asks about the morphological characteristics and state characteristics of geographical things, or the distribution characteristics and change characteristics. describe. Secondly, you must master the methods of describing the characteristics of geographical things. The test questions are usually in the form of "explanation", "characteristics", "description", "situation", etc. When answering such questions, students must first clarify the regional location and graphic information, grasp the typical characteristics of physical geographical elements or human geographical elements, and express them using geographical terms.
2. Cause analysis questions
The usual question forms are: "Analyze" the causes of geographical things, etc. The basic idea of ??answering the question is: first clarify the location of the geographical phenomenon, then analyze the causes, and finally answer the results of the geographical phenomenon. That is, the first step is to explain the location to make it clear where you are talking about. The second step is to explain the reasons based on what is to be answered, and the third step is to get the result. When answering the cause questions, you must be clear about the constituent factors of important geographical elements, and understand the connection between the factors and related geographical elements in terms of cause and effect.
3. Location analysis questions
Location analysis questions should not only explain the location of a geographical thing, but also explain its spatial connection with other things. Connections are influencing factors, including three major factors: natural conditions, socioeconomic conditions and technology.
Four principles must be adhered to when answering location analysis questions:
One point must be comprehensive, such as analyzing the influencing factors from both favorable and unfavorable aspects; comparative analysis must not only find out the similarities between the two Look for the differences too.
The second is to highlight the dominant factors, avoid scratching the surface, and cover everything.
Third, answers to questions must be specific and targeted.
The fourth is to look at location factors from a development perspective. Pay attention to the changing elements and infer the direction of change. The general idea of ????analyzing location factors is: first answer? Where?, that is, the longitude and latitude position or the relative adjacent position ; The second answer is? What?, that is, what geographical things are there; the third answer is? Why?, that is, what are the factors that affect geographical things, and what are the dominant factors; The final answer is? How?, that is, how does it change, and what is the law of change? .
4. List of meanings and list of suggested question types
The candidates are not required to be very technical, so they should answer as comprehensively and specifically as possible.
4. When doing non-choice questions, pay attention to the completeness of the answer ideas. When doing the non-choice questions, pay attention to the completeness of the answer ideas.
It is recommended that candidates extract all the valuable information provided by the test paper when answering questions, combine it with their own knowledge structure and knowledge abilities, use the relevant knowledge they have mastered to solve the questions, and give complete answers. When students answer questions, they should not rush into writing blindly. They can think for a minute or two to determine their ideas for answering the questions. Example analysis:
Examples of location conditions affecting monsoon paddy agriculture
①Natural conditions? Climate: monsoon climate, high temperature and rain in summer, sufficient water and heat, but frequent floods and droughts; terrain: rivers The middle and lower reaches of the river are plains with flat terrain; soil: deep and fertile soil; water source: the middle and lower reaches of the river, with sufficient water sources.
②Socioeconomic conditions? Labor force: dense population and abundant labor force; market: residents like to eat rice; planting history: rice planting has a long history.
This example illustrates the main reasons for the large-scale population migration in my country at this stage.
This question should be answered from the aspects of high economic income, many employment opportunities, and good living environment in the inflow area. But some candidates answered? Because our country has a large rural population and lives in poverty. Farmers have to work in cities and rely on selling. Labor to support the family?. This nagging expression made the marking teacher dumbfounded. Although it was not off topic, it was not accurate. Therefore, key terms should be used when answering questions to ensure the scientific nature of the statement. The qualitative and positioning functions of key terms determine its finishing touch. It can make the statement more accurate, professional, and scientific; if it is less, it will be empty and boring and lack persuasiveness.