The Far East is the most eastern part of Russia, which is equivalent to two-thirds of China.
The word "Far East" originated in Europe. Ancient Europeans took themselves as the center and divided the East into the Near East, the Middle East and the Far East according to their distance from Europe.
Nowadays, the word "Near East" is not common, while "Middle East" and "Far East" are still widely used.
As a European country, Russia's national center is still located in Europe, although its territory spans Europe and Asia. Therefore, Russia calls the easternmost part of its territory the "Far East".
The Russian Far East covers an area of 62 1.59 million square kilometers, which is two-thirds of that of China.
But the population is only over 6 million, which is not as big as Hong Kong. In 20 17, the registered population of Chaoyang District and Fengtai District in Beijing totaled more than 6.9 million, which filled the whole of Russia in minutes.
The reason why such a large area is sparsely populated is mainly because of the harsh natural environment. The area is close to the North Pole, and the winter climate is very cold. Even in the warmest southern coastal area (China is full), it is MINUS 20 or 30 degrees in winter.
As for kamchatka peninsula and the Arctic, which are farther north, don't go out in winter. The lowest temperature in the northern hemisphere measured here in Oymyakon village is -7 1.2℃.
Although on the surface, the Russian Far East is a "barren land", in fact, the resources and strategic position contained here are immeasurable.
The far east is rich in natural resources, not to mention the forest resources on the ground. Proven underground mineral resources such as oil, coal, iron, copper, gold, silver and diamonds are extremely rich.
At present, all known mineral resources in the world have been found in the Far East, with huge reserves. More importantly, the resources here have not been developed. If used well, it must be a great wealth.
In addition to abundant natural resources, the strategic location here is also extremely important. Now the strategic position of a piece of land is important, not to mention such a large piece of land in the Far East.
Far northeast is adjacent to the Arctic Ocean, which is an important base for Russia to seize the Arctic. Chukchi Peninsula, the easternmost part of the Far East, is also the only place for future Arctic routes and an important shipping waterway connecting Western Europe and East Asia in the future.
The southern part of the Far East, facing the Pacific Ocean, is an important fishing base and military bridgehead in Russia. Vladivostok (Vladivostok) at the southernmost tip is the base camp of the Russian Pacific Fleet and the only year-round ice-free port in Russia except Murmansk. From here, the Russian army can directly threaten the US troops stationed in Japan and South Korea.
At present, Russia is stepping up the development of the Far East.
However, since the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the population of this region has been declining, and a large number of Russians have been returning to Russia and Europe for economic and environmental reasons, resulting in the lack of human resources and backward economic development in this region.
If you have been to the Russian Far East, you can see that a large area of land is abandoned and uncultivated, which is really distressing.
In short, the Russian Far East is a treasure trove of geomantic omen, which can be said to have everything, but I don't know if the Russians can make good use of it.
The Russian Far East can be summarized as: strategic location, rich resources, late development, vast territory and sparse population.
The Russian Far East starts from the east side of the Lena River in the west, borders the Arctic Ocean in the north, the Bering Strait and the Sea of Japan in the east, faces the United States and Japan across the sea, and borders China and North Korea in the south. The Russian Far East covers an area of 6,654.38+700,000 square kilometers, accounting for one third of the total area of the Russian Federation. There are nine administrative regions in the Far East, namely Yakuza, Chukchi Autonomous Region, Magadan, Khabarovsk Krai, Amur, Jewish Autonomous Prefecture, Kamchatka, Sakhalin and Primorsky Krai. However, the Far East is vast and sparsely populated, with a population of more than 6 million, accounting for only 5% of the total population of Russia.
Natural conditions in the Russian Far East;
The latitude of the Far East is relatively high, and most of the areas are located in the western Siberian Plateau, with relatively high terrain and relatively cold overall climate. There are three main climate types in the Far East:
1. Cold tundra climate. Chukchi Autonomous Region, Yaku * * and other coastal areas of the Arctic Ocean and northern China are long and cold in winter and short and warm in summer. The annual precipitation is less, mostly frozen soil, and the vegetation coverage is small.
2. The continental climate in the sub-frigid zone (or the coniferous forest climate in the sub-frigid zone) is distributed in the middle of the Far East, with long and cold winters, short and warm summers, a little more precipitation and relatively high humidity.
3. Temperate monsoon climate, distributed in the eastern coastal areas of Khabarovsk Krai and Primorsky Krai, such as Kamchatka, Magadan and Sakhalin, with cold and dry winter and warm and rainy summer.
Russia's Far East has a vast territory and is rich in mineral resources, forest resources and biological resources. There are many natural resources such as coal, gold, tin, zinc, lead, forest, fishery and fur, which are of great development value.
Development history of Russian Far East
/kloc-At the end of 0/6, with the fur trade, Russia began to expand to the Far East. /kloc-In the middle of the 0/7th century, Russia began to invade the Heilongjiang River Basin. The Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar Chu in 1689 and the Treaty of Chaktu in 1727 divided the Sino-Russian border. /kloc-in the middle of the 9th century, Russia further got its hands on the Heilongjiang River Basin, and occupied one million square kilometers of land in China from the north of Heilongjiang to the outer Xing 'anling and the east of Wusuli River through 1858 Hui Hui Treaty, Tianjin Treaty and 1860 Beijing Treaty.
Russia has also taken some measures to promote the development of the Far East. After Tsar Alexander II announced the abolition of serfdom in 186 1, the liberated serfs were allowed to get a piece of land, but they had to pay for it, but serfs could get the land for free if they wanted to emigrate to the Far East. At the same time, Russia promulgated the immigration regulations of Amur and Binhai States, which stipulated that every household who immigrated to the Far East could be allocated no less than 100 mu of land, and allowed to buy land as private property at low prices. 1882, Russia * * * promulgated the Decree on Official Immigration to South Ussuri Territory, and set up an immigration office in Vladivostok, where officials organized immigrants to bear most of the expenses such as travel expenses, meals and family expenses.
At the same time, Russia also implemented the policy of "punitive reclamation" and exiled a large number of prisoners to the Far East for reclamation. Tolstoy, the hero of the Russian film The Barber of Siberia, was finally exiled to Siberia to reclaim land, which reflected Russia's "punitive reclamation" policy in the late19th century. In the next two decades, Russia attracted hundreds of thousands of people to immigrate to the Far East through a series of policies such as tax reduction and low-cost subsidies, which promoted the development of the Far East.
In addition, in order to further strengthen its control over the Far East, Russia decided to build the trans-siberian railway from 1890, and it was not opened to traffic until 19 16. Trans-siberian railway connects the Far East and the European part of Russia, further enhancing Russia's influence on the Far East and Northeast Asia.
After the October Revolution, the Soviet Union continued to exploit the natural resources of the Far East on a large scale during the period of large-scale industrialization in the 1930s, developed military industry and heavy industry, and tried to establish a military industrial complex in the Far East. In order to strengthen the construction of the Far East, the Soviet Union attracted people to develop the Far East through high wages, housing distribution and other preferential treatments. During the Cold War, the Soviet Union implemented the strategy of moving science and technology eastward, and set up different scientific research centers and supporting institutions of higher learning according to the different natural environments of the Far East States, such as Binhai Science Center, Sakhalin Science Center, Far East Institute of Ocean Science and Design, Far East National University, and National Amur University.
The Far East is rich in natural resources. Considering the strategic interests, the Soviet Union gave priority to the development of heavy industry. The Soviet Union established a large number of heavy industry enterprises in the Far East and formed many industrial consortia. In the 1970s, the Soviet Union built the North-Afghanistan Railway in the Far East and established an economic belt along the railway. However, on the whole, the development of the Far East of the Soviet Union was carried out under a highly centralized planned economy system, and the mode of giving priority to the development of heavy industry also caused a singular and closed economic development in the Far East.
It can be said that the Russian era and the Soviet Union's development of the Far East only focused on looking at the Far East from a geopolitical perspective, paying more attention to its political value and military advantages, maintaining Russia's status as a big country with the Far East as a barrier, serving the development of the West with its resources, and maintaining Russia's influence in the East with its geopolitical advantages, without really giving full play to its geopolitical advantages.
After the end of the Cold War, Russia faced a long-term economic downturn. At this time, the influence of the United States in the Asia-Pacific region is increasing. Russia plans to further strengthen economic construction in the Far East and strengthen economic cooperation with neighboring countries, which is also the embodiment of Russia's eastern strategy in the new era. However, compared with western Russia and neighboring countries, the economy of Russian Far East is still relatively backward. Take Vladivostok as an example. On the way from Hunchun, the border of China, you can see that the facilities along the way in China are brand-new and formal, while those along the way in Russia are old and backward. A large area of uncultivated wilderness shows that even Vladivostok, known as a big city in the Far East, lags far behind some second-and third-tier cities in China.
The climate in the Far East of Russia is extremely cold, and most of the territory in the Far East is not suitable for large-scale human habitation except the coastal areas of Heilongjiang. It is for this reason that the average wage level in the Far East is 50-60% higher than that in the whole country.
Far East people call the European part "continent" and call themselves "islands" mainly because there is a vast Siberia between the Far East and the European part, and the Far East is like an enclave.
Cities in the Far East are not much different from those in Europe, but the countryside is very monotonous and lacks entertainment facilities. In their spare time, people usually go skiing on the hillside or go to a motel to see the aurora. In summer, people from the Far East will go to the coast of the Sea of Japan for leisure. From the end of June to June 10, there are many tents scattered by the sea, just like pilgrimage.
The penetration rate of private cars in the Far East ranks first in Russia. For example, the car ownership rate in kamchatka peninsula is 472 vehicles per thousand people, while the Russian average is 285 vehicles per thousand people. However, due to kamchatka peninsula's vast territory and sparse population, it is said that tourists are less likely to encounter cars than tigers.
Because of its proximity to East Asian countries, 70% of cars in the Far East are Asian cars with right-hand drive, and these owners are mainly imported from China, Japan and South Korea. Right-hand driving has almost become a status symbol for people in the Far East. They flaunt their uniqueness and even write it into songs. For example, there is a lyric to the effect that "the steering wheel is on the right, my heart is on the left", and there is a beer brand called "right-hand drive".
The quality of life and living environment in the Far East are inferior to those in Europe. Young people here are keen on making money, and even open online stores on Taobao, hoping to immigrate to warm Europe after saving enough money. The outflow of immigrants has become the main reason for the population decline in the Far East.