■ Discovery name: Jibei Wang Tomb
■ Discovery time: 1995
■ Discovery location:
More than 2,4 pieces of bronzes, jade articles, chariots and horses were unearthed from the tomb in Shuangrushan Village, Guide Town, Changqing District, Jinan City, with a huge scale, and the whole coffin was undisturbed. The discovery of the tomb of King Jibei was named as one of the "Top Ten Archaeological Discoveries in China in 1996". Top Ten Archaeological Discoveries in China
The Han Tomb of Shuangrushan is located in Shuangrushan Village, Guide Town, Changqing District, Jinan City. Since the end of 1995, rescue excavations have been carried out and it has been rated as one of the "Top Ten Archaeological Discoveries in China in 1996".
According to historical records and field exploration, experts believe that its owner was the last generation of Wang Liukuan, a vassal state in the Western Han Dynasty, so it is also called "Jibei King's Tomb".
This tomb was built in the 4th year of the Western Han Dynasty, that is, in 97 BC. Amazingly, more than 2, years ago, craftsmen dug a tomb with a depth of 22 meters and an area of about 1 square meters and a tomb with a length of more than 8 meters on a hard stone mountain with simple tools!
Han Tomb in Shuangrushan
On the west side of this tomb, there is still a tomb of the Queen that has not been excavated. The two tombs occupy two hills in the east and west, so they are called "Han Tomb in Shuangrushan".
the Han tomb in shuangrushan is the largest among the excavated tombs of the Han dynasty, and it is also rare among the excavated rock tombs in China. The total area of tombs is 1447 square meters, and the total amount of stones cut is more than 88 cubic meters. The total amount of earth sealing and filling in tombs is nearly 4, cubic meters. Except for stones, pebbles and slag, all the other pure loess is excavated from the mountain and transported to the mountain for tamping. Building such a huge mausoleum is a huge and arduous project for Jibei.
Tomb Unearthed
The funeral of the king of Jibei was quite grand. More than 2,4 pieces of bronzes, jades, ironware, lacquerware, pottery, gold cakes, chariots and horses were unearthed from the tombs. Among them, jade cover and jade pillow are the most exquisite, and the jade cover is composed of forehead, cheek, cheek, jaw and ear, which is vivid and integrated. The jade pillow is composed of 9 jade pieces, 3 jade plates, 2 jade tiger headdresses and bamboo plates in three layers, with ingenious structure and originality.
The descendants of King Jibei continued to dig mountains for stones, which caused great damage to the tomb. However, it was not excavated as a whole, the funerary objects and coffins at the bottom were undisturbed, and the location signs were clear, which provided rich and accurate information and basis for a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the use of funerary objects, burial customs and coffin system.
Important value
In p>1997, two archaeologists, Ren Xianghong and Cui Dayong, wrote that many carriages or even cars had been found in the Western Han Dynasty, but they were often disturbed or too simple, the structure of the car body was unclear, and the location of some instruments was quite chaotic. However, the five cars found in the Han Tomb of Shuangrushan had clear structures and different specifications, which provided accurate information for the study of horses and chariots in the Han Dynasty.
Jade cladding appeared in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and more than forty pairs were discovered from the Eastern Zhou Dynasty to the Han Dynasty, but the most vivid and complete jade cladding was unearthed from this tomb. The jade pillow related to the jade cover is also a more complicated one among the Han pillows. Jade covering, jade pillow, jade bi, hand grip, anal plug, condom, etc., together with earplugs and nasal plugs, form a complete set of jade burial. This is of great significance for studying the funeral system in the Han Dynasty and before and after it.
The number of golden cakes is not the largest in the excavated tombs of the Han Dynasty, but the weight is the first, and the characters or symbols carved on them are of great value to the study of the economy of the Han Dynasty and the relationship between vassal States. On December 8, the reporter found this Han tomb. What you see is an abandoned construction site-it is surrounded by high red brick walls in the east, west and south directions, and the words "Jibei Wanghan Tomb Museum" are faintly discernible. An old man guarding the construction site is taking a nap in the hut.
The reporter followed a big hole under the brick wall into the Han Tomb in Shuangrushan. After the busy excavation in the Western Han Dynasty and the noise of archaeological excavation in 1995, today's Jibei king's tomb has become a huge cave, silent to the gray sky. Due to various reasons, the project of "Jibei Wanghan Tomb Museum" has been suspended for quite a long time, and it is not known when it will start again.
On the stone wall in the northwest of the tomb, in order to prevent people from being injured by falling stones, archaeologists installed an iron bar more than one meter long. Although it is still there, it is rusty. Unknown shrubs grew in the crevices above the iron bars.
along the pyramid-shaped mound, the reporter went down to the bottom of the tomb, stroking the well-cut stone wall. Dai Liangxin, a villager guarding the tomb, said that more than 2, years ago, craftsmen used copper chisels, which were much softer than steel chisels, so the stone walls looked neat and rough when they looked closely. "The ancients had the wisdom of the ancients. In order to save labor, they immediately poured cold water on the stone after burning it with fire, which damaged it, and then they dug it with a chisel ..." Dai Liangxin was an administrator hired by the Cultural Relics Management Office of Changqing District. When talking about tombs, his familiarity was surprising. "I heard it from Professor Cui Dayong, and I was involved in the excavation," he explained to reporters.
who owns the tomb? Through the fog of history, people finally found the answer. Based on the analysis of the tomb shape, funerary objects and regional evolution, archaeologists initially thought that the owner was Liu Hu, the vassal king of Jibei, who had been in power for 54 years. His time was the heyday of the Western Han Dynasty, and his economy was prosperous and his national strength was strong, so he was fully qualified to build such a grand tomb. Subsequent textual research overturned this idea, and the owner of the tomb was identified as Liu Kuan, the son of Liu Hu.