Fan Wen 1, a tour guide in Dongting Lake, Hunan Province.
Dongting Lake is the second largest freshwater lake in China, spanning Hunan and Hubei provinces. It is connected to the Yangtze River in the north and the four waters of Hunan, Guizhou, Yuan and Tan in the south, so it is called "Dongting Lake with 800 Li". Dongting Lake means immortal abode of fairies, so its scenery is beautiful and charming. Its biggest feature is that there are lakes outside the lake and mountains in the lake.
The lakeside scenery is extremely beautiful, and many scenic spots are national-level scenic spots, such as Yueyang Tower, Junshan, Dufu Tomb, Confucian Temple, Longzhou Academy and other places of interest. The most famous lake is Junshan, with beautiful scenery. It is an island on Dongting Lake. There are 72 peaks on the island, and there is a ferry for about an hour every day. Junshan, formerly known as Dongting Mountain, means immortal abode of fairies. According to legend, 4000 years ago, Shun Di's two concubines, E Huang and Nv Ying, failed to catch up with him during his southern tour. They climbed onto the bamboo and wept bitterly. Tears dripped on the bamboo and turned into bamboos. Later, two concubines died in the mountains, and later generations built their tombs. They are also called ChristianRandPhillips and Xiang Army. In memory of Xiang Jun, Dongting Mountain was changed to Junshan Mountain. Existing monuments, such as the Tomb of the Second Concubine, ChristianRandPhillips Temple, Feilai Bell, etc. The bamboos in Junshan are very famous, including Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys heterophylla, Phyllostachys pubescens and Phyllostachys pubescens. The Dragon Boat Festival, Lotus Festival and water sports are held here every year.
Dongting Lake is a famous land of fish and rice, with extremely rich products. Special products in the lake include mussels, Monopterus albus, Dongting crab and other precious seafood. Lotus Lake, the "lake in the lake" in Dongting Lake, is rich in famous Chinese and foreign Xianglian. Xiang Lian is full of granules and tender in meat, which has been regarded as a treasure in lotus in all previous dynasties.
Dongting Lake was described by Fan Zhongyan as "the mountains are far away, the Yangtze River is wide, the horizon is boundless, the morning sun rises, and the weather is myriad". For thousands of years, the 800-mile Dongting has jumped into the historical landscape framework with its majestic momentum. Blue waves pour out, Sha Ou soars, floats and jumps, and is poetic. Sunset dusk, fishing boats sing late, Pinghu autumn moon, blue waves, wrapped in silver. This situation is unique in the world. Dongting Lake is large, so there is a saying that Dongting Lake is the water of the world. Although its area has been reduced by half compared with that of several decades ago, it is still the second largest lake in China. Dongting Lake is an ancient and magical lake, vast and magnificent, which has attracted countless outstanding literati to sing praises since ancient times. Qu Yuan was the first person to come here to sing. Li Bai "bought wine for Bai Yunbian", but Du Fu leaned against the railing and got drunk with the ancient city of Baling. Liu Yuxi "overlooks Dongting" and regards the mountain as a "silver plate and green snail", while Meng Haoran sighs that "there is a fog in Yunmeng Valley and Yueyang City has been besieged". The beauty of Dongting Lake lies in its vastness. The scenery of water, sky and weather is the scenery that people in the world of mortals can never get enough of.
Model essay on tour guide words of Dongting Lake in Hunan Province II
Dear friends:
Hello everyone! Welcome to Yueyang to see the 800-mile Dongting Lake, enjoy the lakes and mountains, enter the Waterfowl Nature Expo Park in Ji Xiang, Sha Ou, Luo Yan, Jiuquan, heming and Yuanyang, enjoy the harmonious natural landscape and explore the mystery of interdependence between man and nature.
The blue waves seen when visiting Yueyang Tower are only part of Dongting Lake. Before 1950s, Dongting Lake was the largest freshwater lake in China. Due to the siltation brought by the Yangtze River and Hunan, Guizhou, Yuan and Li, and people's reclamation, it has now become the second largest freshwater lake in China. Lakes are gradually divided into Yueyang Dongting Lake, Yiyang Dongting Lake and Changde Dongting Lake, among which East Dongting Lake has the largest area.
The vast and rich Dongting Lake produces 1 14 kinds of fish, among which ACIPENSER sinensis and ACIPENSER sinensis are national first-class protected animals. Abundant fish resources, aquatic plants and criss-crossing lakes and beaches attract a large number of precious birds to breed and overwinter here. According to statistics, there are 2 17 species of winter migratory birds and summer migratory birds in the lake area, accounting for 20% of the national birds. More than 6.5438+million birds live here every year. The most precious national first-class protected birds are white crane, stork, merganser, bustard and white-tailed sea eagle, and there are 32 second-class protected birds.
In order to effectively protect these precious bird resources and their habitats, in March, 1982 was approved by the Hunan Provincial People's Government to establish Junshan Nature Reserve in Hunan Province. 1June 1987, renamed as "Junshan Nature Reserve in Hunan Province". 1994 was named "Hunan East Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve". 1992, which was listed by UNESCO in the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (hereinafter referred to as the Convention on Wetlands) and entered the List of Wetlands of International Importance. /kloc-in the past 0/0 years, the nature reserve has carried out a series of scientific research activities with relevant domestic scientific research institutions and universities, and received experts and scholars from Japan, the United States, Finland, Russia, France and other countries. Through extensive exchanges and cooperation, the resources in this area have been determined. At the same time, through the annual "Bird Love Week" and "Crane Protection Month", we will vigorously publicize the Wildlife Protection Law and the Regulations on Nature Reserves, popularize legal knowledge, and strive to make the protection of birds a conscious action of everyone.
On the North Gate Ferry and Ferry
Look, Bai Niao flying at the stern has a red mouth. This is a red-billed gull.
Birds flying overhead are also white, but they are much bigger than red-billed gulls. Pay attention to its characteristics: the neck is shrinking and the mouth is very long, like a knife. Do you know this bird? This is the egret described in Du Fu's poem "Two orioles sing green willows and a row of egrets go up to the sky". In fact, there are many members of the Egret family, including more than 20 species such as Great Egret, Middle Egret, Yellow-billed Egret, Cattle Egret and Egret, which are a big family.
On the station wagon
Birds are indispensable friends in people's lives. They not only add poetic meaning to human life, but also greatly enrich human material life. Everyone will be purified unconsciously when they hear melodious and moving bird songs and see wild birds in various postures. In addition, there are countless literary artists' works on birds. Reading Peacock Flying Southeast and taking a look at Swan Lake can bring pleasing spiritual enjoyment.
Protected area dingzidi management office
This small building is the T-dike management station of the reserve, with four permanent staff. They are engaged in observing, recording and improving the ecological environment of birds day after day and year after year.
Listen, the sound is so crisp. This is the lark's call. Larks are typical songbirds, similar to sparrows, but their songs are very euphemistic, so they are called "prairie singers". The famous composer Schubert once wrote a beautiful tune: "Listen! Listen! Lark. The lark's breeding ground is in the northeast, and it will only stay in Dongting Lake for a short time, and will soon fly to Mongolia and Xinjiang. So they are called "travelers". Larks have high flying ability. When it took off, it rushed up like an onion on a dry land. After flying to the height of 100 ~ 200 meters, it hovered in the air like a helicopter and kept singing, so it was also called a lark by the people.
Attention, everyone, there are cranes foraging on the grass beach outside the dike. Those next to the haystack are the beloved sons of the crane. Look, the crane's wings are bright, and the flying feathers at the end of the wings are black, which is the most obvious sign to identify cranes in the wild. Only the right crane head is white, and the feathers in other parts are gray. This is the white-headed crane, a national first-class protected animal. The two cranes next to them are obviously smaller and slender than the white crane and the white crane. From the neck to the shoulder, there is a white spot with a clear edge, which is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, and the red on the face is particularly eye-catching. This is a white-naped crane, and some people call it a red-faced crane. There is a layer of red bare skin on the head of that large group of cranes, which looks like red-crowned cranes. There are several small cranes with yellow feathers among the gray cranes, which just hatched this year and are less than half a year old. The present position is the best distance to watch the crane. If you come closer, you will disturb the cranes and scare them away.
China has called cranes "cranes" since ancient times. Whether it is painting, sculpture, craft, or novels, poems and legends, cranes are always regarded as symbols of auspiciousness, longevity, loyalty, elegance and bodybuilding. Usually, people often see the patterns of cranes and pine trees on some occasions, and idioms such as "Pine cranes prolong the year" are also widely known. In fact, just now, through observation, we saw that cranes mainly live in farmland, grass beaches and swamps around wetlands. The traditional image of pine cranes is only a deification or misinformation of the ancients.
On the grass beach beside the dike, there are also a group of Bai Niao foraging in the water. Its mouth is very long and very big, shaped like a pipa. This is a white spoonbill. Their eating behavior is also different from other birds. They draw the word "one" back and forth and eat while walking. It seems that I can't wait to eat all the small fish in the water Too greedy.
Attention, everyone, this is a crane barking. The Book of Songs says: "He Ming is in Jiu Hao, and his voice is heard in the wild." It is singing loudly to see everyone off. The cranes in Dongting Lake have attracted great attention from Dr. Azibo, Chairman of the International Crane Foundation. When he observed the cranes here at 199 1, he was so happy that he thought "East Dongting Lake is the main hope to save endangered species in the world".
Core regional management station
The bird population and number in the core area are particularly rich. In order to let everyone gain more and know and identify the characteristics of different birds as much as possible, the engineers at the core station are willing to serve as technical consultants for everyone. When you have any questions about bird watching, you can always ask.
These big birds in the lens are very similar to the white cranes seen on the T-dike. They belong to large wading birds and are oriental storks. The difference between the stork and the crane is that the stork can only see its black primary flight feathers when spreading its wings, while the black flight feathers of the crane can also be clearly seen when landing. In addition, their eating habits are different. The former mainly eats food; The latter mainly eats meat, and most of the time eats fish and shrimp in shallow beaches. In addition, the oriental white crane is a "dumb bird" and can't bark. Before 1980s, Europeans always thought it was only a subspecies of the white stork. After many observations, the differences between them were clarified, which made them a new species and officially named Oriental Stork. It is also the protection of animals stipulated in international conventions.
Another group of Bai Niao, not far from the Oriental Stork, are swans. They are obviously different from the Oriental Stork, the White Spoon and the White Crane, and they are swimming birds. Swan is elegant and quiet. Since ancient times, people have regarded it as a symbol of beauty, innocence and kindness. Attention, everyone, those swans craned their necks and spread their wings, ready to take off. Their feet kept treading water, and the run-up action became faster and faster. All right, the body flew out of the water. Although swans need a run-up distance when they take off, they fly very fast in the air. The poet Ruan Ji praised it as "double-shouldered Ling Changfeng, and Wanli died in an instant". Now there are more than 400 swans living in Daxi Lake, which is a veritable Swan Lake.
The bird closest to everyone, with black and white feathers, flies very dexterously. They often change direction suddenly in flight, sometimes to the left and sometimes to the right, just like a floating cloud. The most interesting thing is the slender upturned beak, which is unique among waterfowl here, so its name is the anti-beaked snipe.
Every spring, more than 40 species of snipe wading birds stop in Dongting Lake, mainly from coastal countries and regions such as Australia and Southeast Asia. There is a bamboo bird that can eat more than 80 snails, the intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum, every day. He is a famous snail control expert, which is of great significance to purify the lake area.
Goose is a large migratory bird, the ancestor of domestic geese, and the male and female colors are similar. It has dense feathers and well-developed down feathers, and the fat glands at the tail secrete oil, which can protect the feathers from being soaked. Goose is a migratory bird, which can migrate from south to north with the change of seasons, and regularly travels between wintering ground and breeding ground. There are two sayings in Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals: "The bright moon waits for the wild geese to come to the north" and "The bright moon waits for the wild geese to come to the Mid-Autumn Festival", which refers to the seasonal migration of wild geese from north to south. There are red geese, Yan Dou geese, gray geese, white geese and small white geese wintering in East Dongting Lake Nature Reserve. Remember their main features, which are easy to identify in the wild: red rocks are white from throat to chest; There is a macula the size of a broad bean on the corner of the mouth of the bean goose; The mouth of the grey goose is red; There is a white feather at the joint between the beak nail and the head of the white goose; The little white goose is the smallest with golden eyes. Experienced conservationists can distinguish different kinds of geese according to different calls. After a three-year joint investigation by nature reserve staff and experts from Japan and Finland, 13700 geese were observed in nature reserve, accounting for 50% of the world wild population, and Dongting Lake was confirmed to be the most important wintering place for geese in the world.
In order to adapt to environmental changes and improve their viability, geese have strict division of labor in their daily behaviors such as foraging, drinking, resting and flying. Attention, everyone. Those two geese looking up in all directions are the "sentries" of the geese. They are very vigilant in the task of standing guard. Once they find anything unusual, they will scream and call the police immediately to inform the geese to transfer their habitats.
Look, there are some geese flying this way. The formation of the first flock looks like a "man", and the geese behind it line up in a row, which is a big "one". The ancients called this arrangement of geese "geese". Li Shangyin, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, vividly described this phenomenon: "The wind turns over thousands of white waves, and the geese point to the sky." There is a certain scientific reason for geese to adopt this formation in flight: when the head goose flaps its wings, the tip of the wing will produce an updraft, and the geese who follow it can use the lift of this airflow to save their physical strength. The geese in East Dongting Lake move northward in mid-March every year and fly to the Yellow River Delta in one go, where they rest and fly directly to the breeding ground in the tundra. According to the calculation of experts from Japan Wild Goose Association, the small white goose can fly 70 kilometers per kloc-0/g of energy, which is so efficient that any modern plane can't catch up with it. Obviously, it is far from perfect for human beings to imitate some special functions of animals (including plants). This is one of the reasons why the country should establish various types of nature reserves. In addition to protecting ecological balance and adhering to the principle of sustainable development, we should also strive to protect these endangered species and leave a natural wealth for our future generations, so that they can further study, develop and utilize the special values and functions of these animals and plants for the benefit of mankind.
1February, 1998, when the scientific and technical personnel of the nature reserve accompanied nine bird lovers in Beijing to watch birds, they accidentally found a flamingo, which was the first time that a flamingo was observed in the wild in China. Xinhua News Agency broadcast news and pictures, and major newspapers in China, including Hong Kong and Macao newspapers, reprinted the reports one after another. It's exciting for flamingos to visit Dongting Lake, but where did it come from? This is a mystery to be solved.
Xiaoxihu
Did everyone see the ducks in pairs? Some feathers are particularly beautiful. This is Yuanyang, which is called the symbol of love. As early as the Book of Songs? 6? 1 Xiaoya has the poem "Yuanyang flies". May the lovely Yuanyang live in Dongting Lake forever.
Kesan L.
Caisang Lake is a paradise for wild ducks. The most common ducks are wild ducks, spotted ducks, striped ducks, beaked ducks and various diving ducks. Wild ducks have always been regarded as economic birds in China. In recent years, the introduction and domestication of wild ducks have gradually begun in the lake area, which has achieved good economic benefits and found a new way to get rich.
It is often said that since the 1980s, urban construction has accelerated, with more buildings and fewer birds. The main reasons for the decline in the number of birds are excessive deforestation, serious environmental pollution, massive loss of wetlands, and destruction of habitats and breeding environments. The decrease in the number of birds has sounded the alarm of nature.
Model essay on tour guide words in Dongting Lake, Hunan Province 3
Dongting Lake, called Yunmengze in ancient times, is the second largest freshwater lake in China. It spans Hunan and Hubei provinces, connects the Yangtze River in the north and the four waters of Hunan, Guizhou, Yuan and Tan in the south, and is known as the "Dongting Lake with 800 Li". Dongting Lake means immortal abode of fairies, so its scenery is beautiful and charming. Dongting Lake is vast and circuitous, with abrupt mountains. Its biggest feature is that there is a lake outside the lake, with mountains, small fishing sails, Ye Qingqing River, water and sky, and seagulls flying. Spring and autumn are different in four seasons, and they change a thousand times a day. Among the eight scenic spots in Xiaoxiang described by the ancients, the autumn moon in Dongting Lake, the return from a long voyage, the setting sun in the fishing village and the dusk snow in the river are all portrayal of the East Dongting Lake at the moment.
Literati and writers of all ages have enthusiastically sung about the beautiful Dongting Lake. The Story of Yueyang Tower by Fan Zhongyan, a famous politician, strategist and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, depicts the ever-changing scenery of Dongting Lake from the perspective of Yueyang Tower, which is widely known. Dongting Lake is magnificent, and the moonlight in Dongting Lake is soft and magnificent. Even in gloomy weather, it gives people a unique and secret feeling and arouses people's fun. Dongting Lake, with its blue waters, deserves to be called "the first water in the world". Rowing in the lake is refreshing and interesting.
The lakeside scenery is extremely beautiful, and many scenic spots are national-level scenic spots, such as Yueyang Tower, Junshan, Dufu Tomb, Yangmaozhai, Tiejing Building, Quzi Temple, Yuelong Building, Confucian Temple, Longzhou Academy and other places of interest. At the intersection of Chenglingji, West Dongting Lake and the Yangtze River, there is a place called Sanjiangkou. Overlooking Dongting from here, you can see the Xiangjiang River rushing northward, the Yangtze River rolling eastward, waterfowl soaring and magnificent scenery. The folklore of Liu Hai's golden toad, Dong Fangshuo's stealing fairy wine, and Shun Di's second princess Wanli's husband-seeking all originated here ... Junshan is the most famous lake with beautiful scenery. It is an island on Dongting Lake. There are 72 peaks on the island, and ferries travel here for about an hour every day. It takes a day to travel, go in the morning and come back in the afternoon. You can kill two birds with one stone by visiting Junshan and Dongting Lake. Junshan, formerly known as Dongting Mountain, means immortal abode of fairies. According to legend, 4000 years ago, Shun Di's two concubines, E Huang and Nv Ying, failed to catch up with him during his southern tour. They climbed onto the bamboo and wept bitterly. Tears dripped on the bamboo and turned into bamboos. The last two concubines died in the mountains, and later generations built their tombs. They are also called ChristianRandPhillips and Xiang Army. In memory of Xiang Jun, Dongting Mountain was changed to Junshan Mountain. Existing monuments, such as Feier's Tomb, ChristianRandPhillips Temple, Liuyi, Feilai Bell, etc. The bamboos in Junshan are very famous, including Bambusa maculata, Arhat Bambusa, Chimonobambusa, Solid Bambusa, Purple Bambusa and Phyllostachys pubescens. There are grand Dragon Boat Festival, Lotus Festival and water sports every year.
Dongting Lake is a famous land of fish and rice, with extremely rich products. The lake's specialties include mussels, Monopterus albus, Dongting crab, Cai Yu and other precious seafood, as well as Junshan famous tea, arhat bamboo, square bamboo, Phyllostachys pubescens and other bamboo products, and there are many kinds.
Model essay on tour guide words in Dongting Lake, Hunan Province 4
Dongting Lake is called Yunmeng, Yunmengze, Jiujiang, Wuzhu, Wuhu, Sanhu, Chonghu and Taihu Lake in history.
The name of Dongting Lake has many interpretations. There are records of "Cloud Dream" in Historical Records, Zhou Li, Erya and other ancient books. Dream means "Hu Ze" in Chu language at that time, which is similar to the word "Sui". The first year of the Spring and Autumn Period and Zheng's dream in Jiangnan. Another cloud said, "It is scheduled for four years, and Zi Chu will wade into the river and enter the cloud." "Hanyang Zhi" said: "The cloud is in Jiangbei and the dream is in Jiangnan." Together, they are collectively called Yunmeng. At that time, Yunmengze covered an area of 40,000 square kilometers. Geography Today Interpretation said: "It is an ancient cloud dream to the east of qi zhou, to Zhijiang in the west, to Jingshan in the south and to the grassland in the north." Zi Xufu of Sima Xiangru said, "A dreamer can travel eight or nine hundred miles." In the late Warring States period, Yunmengze was divided into north and south due to siltation, and the north of the Yangtze River became a swamp, while the south of the Yangtze River was still a vast lake. From then on, it is no longer called Yunmeng, but this big lake is called Dongting Lake, because there is a famous Junshan in the lake, formerly known as Dongting Mountain. "A Brief Introduction to ChristianRandPhillips Temple" said: "Dongting is one of the immortal caves, and it is called Dongting. "Later people call it Dongting Lake, because of its Wang Yang, flooding, nothing to lose. This is the origin of the name of Dongting Lake.
Dongting Lake is a faulted basin on the Tainan axis of the Yangtze quasi-ground, which was formed in Yanshan movement and continued to Himalayan movement. Cretaceous is a period of basin development and expansion. Since the Quaternary, Dongting Lake depression basin has completely sunk again under the action of neotectonic movement and accepted sedimentation, becoming the area with the widest distribution, the largest thickness and the most complete sedimentary sequence in the Quaternary in Hunan Province. There have been more than four evolution processes of lake formation and land uplift, and the corresponding depressed basins disintegrated to form fault basins. In the early early Pleistocene, Mupinghu, Lixian and Yuanjiang depressions formed lakes. In the middle period, the lake invaded Hanshou, Dingcheng, Anxiang and Xiangyin, and the water flowing out of Anxiang was discharged into the Yangtze River through Lixian depression. In the end, the depressions turned to rise slowly, and some lakes shrank into land. In the late Early Pleistocene, Muping Lake was connected with Yuanjiang Depression, and the lake basin was enlarged. Chishan Uplift became an isolated island between the two lakes, and the lake was discharged into the Yangtze River from Nanxian, Nianshi and Ouchi, which was the most prosperous period of the Quaternary lake. As the lake basin turned up and the lake receded, the landscape of Dongting Lake Plain appeared. In the Middle Pleistocene, Dongting Lake basin developed into a lake and marsh basin with interwoven river networks, with Lixian, Mupinghu, Yuanjiang and Xiangyin sedimentary systems. At this time, the lake has two estuaries, one is from Junshan in Yueyang via Guangxingzhou to the Yangtze River, and the other is from Shejiatai in Anxiang via Lixian to Jianghan Basin. In the late Pleistocene, Mupinghu sag and some areas from Yuanjiang to Xiangyin sag were activated and subsided again, forming Changde and Anxiang river and lake basins in the west of Chishan and Linzikou, Huangmaozhou and Beidashihe river and lake basins in the east, but other areas have been greatly reduced and their shapes are complex. The lake flows from south to north, and the east and west water systems meet near Tuanshan and flow into the Yangtze River at Shishou. At the end of Holocene, the whole lake basin was Dongting plain with vertical and horizontal river networks. At that time, there was a small lake of 130 square kilometers on the south side of Junshan Mountain in Fiona Fang.
After the pre-Qin period, Yunmengze gradually disintegrated and the relationship between rivers and lakes changed, which directly affected the evolution of Dongting Lake. Since the Han and Jin Dynasties, the population of the Yangtze River basin has gradually increased, the intensity of reclamation activities has increased, natural vegetation has been destroyed, and the sediment concentration in the Yangtze River has begun to increase. With the gradual siltation of Yunmengze in the north of Beijing, the riverbed of Jingjiang River is automatically adjusted and raised. Due to the tilting movement of northwest-southeast Xinxiang structure, the main channel of Jingjiang River gradually swings south. During the Yonghe period of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, two streams, Jingkou and Lunkou, formed on the south bank of Jingjiang River, which merged to form stagnant water and entered Dongting Lake. Because Dongting Lake received two rivers and sediments, the deposition process of the lake began to accelerate, forming lakes of different sizes. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the formation of the unified riverbed of Jingjiang River greatly changed the boundary conditions. With the continuous construction of Jingjiang levee, the river surface narrows, the flood discharge is not smooth, the flood level begins to rise, and the probability of river jacking and backward flow increases. Every time a big flood passes through the Jingjiang section, it often forms a breach, forming a "nine holes and thirteen mouths". A large number of Yangtze River floods are diverted from the mouth of the cave, which makes Dongting Lake show an obvious expansion trend. The lake basin extends to the west and south, with grassland in the south and red sand in the west, and the water area is enlarged. In the poems and classics of this period, the word "eight hundred Li Dongting" began to appear to describe the magnificent lake. With the expansion of water areas, Dongting Lake, Caoqing Lake and Chisha Lake, which were originally isolated from each other during the Han and Jin Dynasties, became Wang Yang at high water level. Due to the increasing influence of water from the Yangtze River, the flood process in Dongting Lake has also undergone obvious changes, from "spring slipping and full rising" to "summer and autumn rising" before the Tang and Song Dynasties. In addition to the "peach blossom flood" injected by four waters, the flood characteristics of the Yangtze River have appeared in summer and autumn, making the lake flood process change from the original single peak type to the obvious double peak type in the year.
After the Song Dynasty, the riverbed of Jingjiang River was continuously silted by sediment and the flood level was rising, which made the relationship between rivers and lakes in Wei and Jin Dynasties gradually evolve into a pattern of "the river is high and the lake is low, and the river enters the lake", and the flooding of Dongting Lake became increasingly serious. During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, with the continuous construction of Jingjiang levee and frequent blockage of caves, river disasters intensified, and Jingjiang levee and lake burst frequently. The relationship between rivers and lakes began to be tense, indicating that since the Song Dynasty, the relationship between rivers and lakes began to undergo historic changes, and human factors became an indispensable factor in the variation of the relationship between rivers and lakes.
After Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty, the central government adopted the water control policy of "saving the north and saving the south". The caves on the north bank of Jingjiang River were completely blocked, and Taiping and Tiaoxiankou on the south bank were preserved to communicate with Dongting Lake. In the Qing dynasty, it still followed the passive water control policy of the Ming dynasty. With the increasing inflow of water from the Yangtze River, once a flood occurs, the lake will inevitably overflow and expand outward. It is in this context that the West Dongting Lake and the South Dongting Lake gradually expand. The scope of Dongting Lake in this period, "at the turn of summer and autumn every year, the lake overflows, Fiona Fang is eight or nine hundred miles, and Longyang and Yuanjiang are the southwest corners." It shows that Dongting Lake developed rapidly to the southwest in the Tang and Song Dynasties after swallowing Chisha Lake in the west. Until the mid-Qing Dynasty, Dongting Lake continued to expand, and during the Daoguang period, Dongting Lake expanded to the highest peak since the pre-Qin period. Daoguang's Records of Dongting Lake records its scope as follows: "The northeast belongs to Baling, the northwest crosses Huarong, Shishou and Anxiang, the west has Wuling, Longyang and Yuanjiang, and the south has Yiyang and Xiangyin. Where there are four houses and a state, the border is divided into nine towns, spanning eight or nine hundred miles. If the sun and the moon haunt them. " It can be seen that since the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Dongting Lake has gradually "rejuvenated". From more than 500 Li in Wei and Jin Dynasties to 7800 Li in Tang and Song Dynasties, and then to 8900 Li in the middle of Qing Dynasty, the waves of the lake can directly reach Yueyang, Huarong, Hanshou, Yuanjiang and Xiangyin counties, and Junshan, Lushan, Layered Mountain, Jishan, Tuanshan, Shile Mountain, Chishan and Moshan have all become isolated islands in Wuli Lake. The water area of Dongting Lake in flood season exceeds 6000 square kilometers.
/kloc-In the mid-9th century, Dongting Lake began to decline from prosperity and entered the most dramatic evolution stage in history. It is in this 100 years that the vast lake of 6,000 square kilometers has shrunk into the present lake of 269 1 square kilometer. The main reason is man-made and policy factors, which led to the collapse of Hetang and Songzi during Xianfeng and Tongzhi years, and formally formed the situation that Jingjiang four points flowed into Dongting Lake. In the second year of Xianfeng, in the Xiaoshui year, Ma Lingong, a levee in Jingjiang River, burst, and the Qing government failed to block it on the pretext of insufficient manpower, which led to the Yangtze River flood in the ten years from Daniekou to Xianfeng, and rushed into Daniekou at the original breach. Tongzhi nine years, Songzi River burst. Because the dam is not strong, it broke again in the twelfth year of Tongzhi, forming Songzi River. After the formation of Ouchikou and Songzikou, the original two-port water diversion changed into four-port water diversion, and the relationship between rivers and lakes changed dramatically, which became a major turning point in the evolution of Dongting Lake in the past 100 years. Since the four rivers run from north to south, they not only flooded the Surabaya Delta Plain, but also forced Surabaya to change its flow direction, completely disrupting the original water system pattern. The main flood at the end of Yuanshui River was forced to abandon the old road and enter the lake from the northwest of Dawei dike. The main flood of Zishuiweilu no longer passes through Yuanjiang County, but enters the lake from Maojiaokou via Yangliutan. Four ports and four waters in the lake interfere with each other, resulting in high water levels in some areas. More seriously, a large amount of sediment has been dumped into the lake, which has become a major contradiction restricting the evolution of Dongting Lake. The estuary delta formed by the siltation of four estuaries entering the lake advances from northwest to southeast, which accelerates the development of Dongting Lake beach. As the delta fills the lake eastward, Dongting Lake enters a rapid shrinking process. With the rapid expansion of sediment deposition and beach land, a large number of reclamation projects have been carried out in the lake area. The lake has become a beach, and the beach has become a ridge soil and a lake field. The retreat of the Lakers in Dongting has begun to appear. The banks of the lake are as big as scales and endless, and there is a great potential for competing with water for land. From the Qianlong period to the Jiaqing period, some people of insight in Hunan, including local officials, began to call for limiting land reclamation around lakes and demanding the destruction of private dikes that hindered flood discharge. Second, during the Guangxu period in the late Qing Dynasty, the incoming sand from Jingjiang River doubled, and the tidal flat expanded rapidly, and there was another climax of dike construction and the dike expanded viciously. By the end of Qing Dynasty, Dongting Lake had a total of dikes 1094.
During the Republic of China, reclamation was not contained, and Dongting Lake shrank further. Due to the long exposure period every year, it is an inevitable trend to form dikes one after another. The middle and low beaches are not suitable for reclamation because of their low terrain, long annual flooding time and large amount of dike repair. This uncultivated beach is commonly known as mainland soil in the local area. According to the investigation in 35 years of the Republic of China, five blocks have been formed, including Lin Yue, Cangwutai, Zhuzikou, Datong Lake and Piaowei, with a total area of 2.68 million mu. In the mid-1940s, Dongting Lake was a vast tidal flat with fragmented lakes and criss-crossed ports, and the tidal flat development coefficient reached about 0.4. The development of Dongting Lake beach is so high that Dongting Lake has entered the aging stage.
Since then, the lake basin has been silted up because the flood water flowing into the lake carries a lot of sediment. 1983, the area of this important regulating lake of the Yangtze River system has been reduced to 269 1 km2, and it has been divided into several parts.
Model essay on tour guide words in Dongting Lake, Hunan Province 5
Dongting Lake is one of the five largest freshwater lakes in China, an important throughput lake in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and a famous tourist scenic spot in China. The name of Dongting Lake, which began in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, was named after Dongting Mountain (now Junshan Mountain) in the lake and has been in use ever since. The Lake District is located on the south bank of Xia Jing in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, with an area of 2820 square kilometers and an altitude of 30-35 meters, between 28 30' and 30 20' north latitude and1/kloc-0 40'-1310 east longitude. Dongting Lake is located on the south bank of Jingjiang River in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, spanning Yueyang, Guluo, Xiangyin, Wangcheng, Yiyang, Yuanjiang, Hanshou, Changde, Jinshi, Anxiang and Nanxian counties and cities. Dongting Lake, the second largest freshwater lake in China, consists of four larger lakes, namely Dongting Lake in the east, west and south and Datong Lake. The lake is rich in aquatic products and convenient for shipping. It is now the most important lake basin for water collection and flood storage in the Yangtze River basin. With fertile soil, mild climate, abundant rainfall and abundant natural resources, Lake District is an important production base of commodity grain, freshwater fish, cotton and linen in China.
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