The CPC Central Committee has put forward the historical task of building a new countryside. At the beginning of this year, the Central Committee issued "Several Opinions of the State Council on Promoting the Construction of a New Socialist Countryside" in the form of "No.1 Document", which regards the construction of a new socialist countryside as a major historical task in the modernization process of China. Governments at all levels will shift their investment in infrastructure to rural areas, which is undoubtedly a good thing for rural construction that has been in debt for many years.
However, building is not about drawing on paper. If you make mistakes, you can correct them. A few years later, if our descendants can only see the architecture and folk culture of the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties in archaeological research, but what we Chinese inheritors have done in these years is blank, how will they look back on our construction today? For the original inhabitants of Hainan Island, especially the ethnic minorities, a large number of material and intangible cultural heritages contain the unique way of thinking, imagination, cultural awareness and spiritual value of an important member of the Chinese nation family, which is the basic basis for safeguarding China's cultural identity and cultural sovereignty, and is a precious non-renewable resource.
Fu Ce-chao, an expert on the protection of intangible cultural heritage in Hainan Province, believes that "the boat house of the Li nationality has not only material value, but also cultural value and spiritual value. It is a living thing with personality, spirit and life. It is the essence of the architecture of Li compatriots for thousands of years. It has its historical characteristics. If you regard it as a spirit, you will respect it, protect it and cherish it. If you simply regard it as a substance, you will use it endlessly, transform it at will, and destroy it at will. " "We should respect the premise of a nation's architectural culture when we carry out the transformation of thatched houses. If you go to the Li residential area and see all the brick houses, it is also a terrible thing! "
from this, we think that we are in full swing in the construction of new countryside, which really deserves great attention to curb over-exploitation, effectively protect the historical and cultural environment, guide farmers to build houses rationally, and form their own urban and rural characteristics. China's intangible cultural heritage is basically distributed in rural areas, and the ongoing large-scale new rural construction is bound to impact the traditional culture in rural areas. If the protection of cultural heritage is not included in the new rural construction plan, the tragedy in the past urban transformation may repeat itself.
This is by no means alarmist. Experts believe that the formalism of new rural construction has at least three hazards: First, the already fragile rural ecosystem will be destroyed, especially the water system. Large-scale township construction projects will aggravate this damage. The vast area of China is rural, so the ecological crisis of the land brought about by this destruction is more and more serious; Second, the local landscape or cultural identity formed by the Chinese nation's adaptation to the natural environment for thousands of years will be lost. Due to the limitation of education and cultural level, once European villas and small foreign buildings prevail in rural areas, the momentum may be even worse than that in cities, which will start the destruction process of China's local cultural landscape; Third, with the disappearance of the local heritage landscape, the folk grass-roots belief system will be shaken. The so-called local heritage landscape refers to those landscape elements, land patterns and spatial connections that have not been protected by the government and cultural relics departments so far, and are of great significance to the landscape characteristics, land features and people's spiritual needs of China's vast urban and rural areas, such as ancestral graves, geomantic trees, geomantic forests and geomantic ponds at the head of the village, a stream, a boundary pillar, a plank road and an Longwang Temple, all belonging to one family, one clan and one village. Although they are not as magnificent as the official and royal historical heritage, and they are not protected by the government, these local and folk heritage landscapes, together with the souls of their ancestors and sages, are precisely the basis of the grassroots belief of the Chinese nation. Loving the country first comes from loving the land of hometown, and loving the land of hometown is because it has the soul and spirit of ancestors and sages, and can produce a sense of identity and belonging. Grass-roots belief is the foundation of a country and a nation's stability and a harmonious society, and it will not change because of the change of dynasties and politics. China's agricultural society has always been based on the patriarchal clan system of ancestor worship and the land belief of everything worship, and has always maintained a super-stable structure. Although we have experienced many movements, many local heritages have been destroyed, and the remaining part is fortunate. However, if we now understand the construction of new countryside as the construction of rural material space in a big way, we are likely to bring the urban model, or the model of European cities and the model of Huaxi Village to the rural land of China. The Feng Shui forest has been cut down, the winding rivers have been filled out or cut straight, and the ancestral halls with thousands of years of stories have been demolished. All of these, as long as we pay little attention,
It should be admitted that the rural residents' desire to improve their living and living conditions is completely justified. The young people in Baicha Village said that it is certainly better to live in brick houses than thatched houses, just like city people. At the same time, it should be noted that due to the different levels of understanding due to cultural quality, rural residents can easily understand the new countryside as wide roads, large squares, small foreign buildings, artificial rivers and splendid architectural decorations, but they can't understand or understand the local landscape or cultural identity formed by the local area and the nation's adaptation to the natural environment for thousands of years, and they don't think much of losing these precious things. However, according to the aesthetic, value orientation and achievement view of some leaders at present, it is even more difficult for rural grassroots cadres to ensure that there will be no image project and achievement project.
According to the data, there used to be more than 2 ancient water towns in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, but after years of construction, only six of them have been completely protected. With the trend of economic globalization and the acceleration of modernization, the cultural heritage and its living environment in China, especially in rural areas, are being seriously threatened. If we don't protect the cultural heritage from the height of being responsible for the country and history and maintaining cultural security, our traditional cultural foundation may be destroyed once. How can we face the ancestors?
As for the renovation of private houses in the Li nationality area of Hainan, with the existing technical means and financial conditions, it is completely possible to keep the boat-shaped houses completely and let the local residents live a happy life. For example, some experts in Hainan suggest that the internal renovation should be carried out on the basis of retaining the original appearance of the boat-shaped houses, and the facilities should be improved, so that villagers can live comfortably in them, not only retaining this traditional building, but also retaining the local culture. Like the Dai architecture in Yunnan, tourists are very ethnic in appearance, and they are still traditional bamboo buildings, but the interior has been transformed, and villagers have used tap water and modern household appliances. Miao Village in Kaili, Guizhou Province, and Diaojiao Building in Fenghuang, Xiangxi also retain traditional architectural features, attracting tourists to visit thousands of miles away, all of which are based on the preservation of national architectural features.
in the construction of new countryside, the central government has put forward the goal of "developing production, living comfortably, being civilized in rural customs, keeping the village clean and tidy, and managing democratically". Some experts think that two more items should be added. First, whether we can protect and improve the ecological environment, whether we can protect our own cultural characteristics, have faith, a sense of identity and a sense of belonging? The second is to see whether the education level of rural workers has improved. I feel the same way about this. Many years ago, when talking about rural poverty alleviation, I strongly advocated that rural residents, especially young people, should be encouraged and helped to enter cities, or go to school or work, so as to realize the urbanization of the whole nation (according to experts, it is essentially civilized), rather than building villages into cities.