Shenlu
Shenlu is the first scenic spot in the Ming Tombs, which consists of stone archway, Dahongmen, stele building, stone elephant, dragon and phoenix gate, etc.
the stone archway is the first building in front of the mausoleum, which was built in 154 (the 19th year of Jiajing). The structure of the archway is five rows, six columns and eleven floors, all carved with white marble. On the top and bottom of the forehead and pillars, dragons, cloud patterns and reliefs such as Kirin and lion are engraved. These patterns used to be decorated with paints of various colors, but they have been completely eroded because of their age. The whole archway is magnificent in structure and beautifully carved, reflecting the excellent level of stone building technology in Ming Dynasty.
After passing the stone archway, you can see two hills on the left and right of Shinto. To the east is Longshan (also called Mangshan), which is shaped like a rushing black dragon. To the west is Tiger Mountain (commonly known as Tiger Valley), which looks like a tiger on the alert. In ancient Taoism in China, it was said that "the left green dragon and the right white tiger" were auspicious signs, and "dragon" and "tiger" were left and right respectively, guarding the gates of the Ming Tombs with dignity.
Dahongmen is located in the south of Yu Ling District. It is divided into three holes, also known as Dagongmen, which is the main entrance of the cemetery. On both sides of the gate, a stone tablet was erected, engraved with the words "officials wait here to dismount". Anyone who comes to pay homage to the mausoleum must enter the cemetery from now on to show the supreme dignity of the imperial tomb. There used to be two corner doors on both sides of the gate, and they were connected with a red fence 8 Li long. In the winding wall, there is another xiaohongmen and ten entrances and exits, all of which are heavily stationed, which is a forbidden area inaccessible to the people. These walls have already collapsed, and some remnants are still discernible.
The avenue behind Dahongmen is called Shinto, also called Lingdao. It started from the stone archway, passed through Dahongmen and led to Changling. It was originally built for Changling, but later it became the main mausoleum road in the whole mausoleum area. The road runs through the north and south of the cemetery, with a total length of 7 kilometers. There are a series of buildings along the road, which are scattered and spectacular.
Located in the center of Shinto, the Monument Pavilion is a tall square pavilion with double eaves and corners, which was built by Changling. There is a stone tablet with a dragon head turtle in the pavilion, which is more than 6 meters high. The inscription on the Monument of Immortal Virtue of the Changling Mausoleum in the Ming Dynasty is more than 3,5 words long. It was written by Zhu Gaochi in the Ming Dynasty and written by Cheng Nanyun, a famous calligrapher in the early Ming Dynasty. The inscription on the tablet was written in 1425 (the first year of Hongxi), but the tablet was carved in 1435 (the tenth year of Xuande). On the dark side of the monument, the Thirteen Rhymes of Mourning the Ming Tombs written by Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty are also engraved. The inscription records in detail the broken situation of the tombs of Chang, Yong, Ding and Si. On the east side of the monument is the record of the cost of repairing the Ming tombs in the Qing court. On the west side, Emperor Jiaqing discussed the reasons for the demise of the Ming Dynasty. There are four white stone Chinese watches standing in the four corners of the pavilion, and there is an exotic animal squatting on the top of it, named Wangtian Kong. The huabiao and the stele pavilion set off each other, which is very solemn and vigorous. On the east side of the pavilion, there used to be a palace, which was the dressing place for the empress when she came to worship the mausoleum, but now it is gone.
The stone carving group is the stone carving man and beast placed in front of the mausoleum, which was called Stone Statue Life in ancient times (Stone Man is also called Weng Zhong). From the two hexagonal stone pillars in the north of the Beiting Pavilion to the two sides of the thousand-meter Shinto, 24 stone beasts and 12 stone men are neatly arranged, with vivid shapes and fine carvings, which are deeply loved by tourists. Its large number, large shape, exquisite carving and good preservation are rare in ancient cemeteries. There are 6 kinds of stone beasts, 4 of each kind, all of which stand on their knees. Displaying them here has a certain meaning. For example, the lion is mighty and good at fighting; As a legendary god beast, Avengers are good at distinguishing between loyalty and treachery, and they always use one-horned head to touch evil people. Lions and horses are both guardians who symbolize guarding the mausoleum. Kirin, a legendary "benevolent beast", means good luck. Camels and elephants are loyal and kind, and can travel long distances with heavy loads. A fine horse is good at running and can be used as a mount. The stone man was divided into four ministers, four civil servants and four military officers, who were close-knit courtiers before the emperor's death. They were all statues that were handed over, mighty and pious. This kind of stone statue student was set up in the imperial tomb as early as the Qin and Han Dynasties more than two thousand years ago. It mainly plays a decorative role to symbolize the emperor's prestige before his death, indicating that after his death, the emperor also has civil and military officials and various livestock to drive, and can still dominate everything.
xingxingmen is also called longfengmen. Three doorways are composed of four stone pillars. The doorposts are similar to Chinese watches, and there are clouds and animals on the pillars. In the central part of the three doorways, there is also a stone carving fire ball, so the door is also called "flame archway". On the northwest side of Longfengmen, there was originally a palace, which was a resting place for the Empress when she offered sacrifices to the mausoleum.
Changling
The Ming Changling is located at the south foot of the main peak of Tianshou Mountain, and it is the burial tomb of the third emperor of Ming Dynasty, Emperor Chengzuwen Zhu Di (Yongle) and Empress Xu. Among the Ming Tombs, the building scale is the largest, the construction time is the earliest, and the ground buildings are also the best preserved. It is the ancestral mausoleum in the Ming Tombs and one of the most important tourist attractions in the mausoleum area.
The mausoleum palace building in Changling covers an area of about 12, square meters. Its plane layout is in the shape of front and back circle. The square part in front of it consists of three courtyards connected back and forth. When entering the courtyard first, there is a mausoleum gate in front. It is a palace-gate building with a single eaves resting on the top of the mountain, with five rooms wide, and the eaves, fliers, eaves rafters and single-ang three-step bucket arches under the eaves are all made of glass components; There are three red coupon doors under it. There was a platform in front of Lingmen, and wall-mounted corner doors were built on the left and right (removed and blocked). In the courtyard, there were five kitchens (on the left) and five storerooms (on the right) in the Ming Dynasty, and a pavilion was built before the kitchen. The God Kitchen and the God Library were destroyed in the middle of Qing Dynasty, while the Monument Pavilion has been preserved to this day.
Dingling
Dingling Underground Palace The Ming Dingling is the tomb of Zhu Yijun (Wanli), the 13th emperor of the Ming Dynasty. There are also two of his queens buried here. Located at the foot of Dayu Mountain and southwest of Changling, the mausoleum was built from 1584 to 159 (from the 12th year of Wanli to the 18th year of Wanli). The main buildings are the gate of grace, the hall of grace, the treasure city, the Ming building and the underground palace. Covers an area of 182, square meters. It is the only tomb in the Ming Tombs that has been excavated. Dingling underground palace can be visited by tourists.
The general layout of the ground buildings in the Ming Dingling Mausoleum is round at the front and round at the back, which contains the symbolic meaning of China's ancient philosophy. Dingling started construction as early as before the death of Emperor Wanli, and started construction in the twelfth year of Wanli (AD 1584), which took six years to complete and cost eight million and two thousand yuan. When the mausoleum was built, the emperor was only 28 years old, and it was not officially opened until 162. The mausoleum was idle for 3 years. Dingling became one of the three largest cemeteries in the Ming Tombs. Its ground building * * * covers an area of 18, square meters, with a wide courtyard in front and a tall treasure city in the back. In front of the main entrance of the mausoleum is the three-legged white marble jade bridge. Crossing the bridge is a tall pavilion. There are more than 3 buildings around the pavilion, such as the Temple Sacrifice Department, the Sacrificial Pavilion and Dingling Prison. Then there is the outermost wall of the cemetery-Wailuocheng (the wall outside the wall).
Zhaoling
Located at the eastern foot of Dayu Mountain, Zhaoling in Ming Dynasty is the burial tomb of Zhu Zaihou (Qin Long), the 12th emperor of Ming Dynasty, and his three empresses. Zhaoling is the first large-scale restored cemetery in the Ming Tombs, and it is also one of the tourist attractions officially opened in the Mausoleum.
Zhaoling Mausoleum has a building area of 35, square meters, and there are complete Yun 'en Gate, Yun 'en Hall and its east and west annex halls, Fangcheng, Minglou and Baoding. Mu Zong Zhu Zaihou, the 12th emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and his three empresses are buried here. Mu Zong, Qin Long (1537 ~ 1572), was a mediocre emperor among the 16 emperors in the Ming Dynasty. After six months on the throne, he refused to ask about government affairs and never publicly expressed his political views.
yongling
located at the southern foot of yangcuiling, the yongling of Ming dynasty is the burial tomb of emperor Zhu Houzong, the 11th emperor of Ming dynasty, and three queens, Chen, Fang and Du. The construction of Yongling Mausoleum was in the fifteenth year after Emperor Sejong ascended the pole. It was the "Shougong" built when he was in office. However, it was at the time of the death of Empress Chen in the seventh year of Jiajing (1528). At that time, Sejong ordered Zhang Cong, an assistant minister, and Luo Yongqing, a member of the Ministry of War, to choose the mausoleum for Queen Chen. At the same time, I also secretly chose my own mausoleum.
Luo Yongqing was famous for his knowledge of geomantic omen during the Jiajing period. After he came to Tianshou Mountain, he had a mountain-like appearance and examined the ground veins. He chose two auspicious places for Sejong: Acorn Ridge and Shibadaoling. Later, Sejong led the ministers and officials of Qin Tianjian to visit two auspicious places selected by Luo Yongqing for him. After reading it, I thought Shibadaoling had the best feng shui and decided to build a mausoleum there. But still not at ease, he sent people to Jiangxi to find the descendants of famous Feng Shui masters Yang Junsong, Zeng Wendi and Liao Sanchuan to check again. Finally, Shibadaoling was determined as the location of the mausoleum. Sejong suspected that the name of Shibaling Mountain was indecent, so he changed its name to "Yangcuiling". On April 22, 1636, when Jiajing 15 applied for the bid, a huge mausoleum work began. Emperor Sejong personally presided over the ceremony of offering sacrifices to Changling, and Hou Guoxun and Li Shi, the assistant minister of Wuding, were ordered to build the Prime Minister's Mountain Mausoleum. On this day, other seven tombs were repaired, and there were shinto-like stone works in Changling, and stone platforms for stone statues ...
Xianling
Ming Xianling, located under the west peak of Tianshou Mountain, was the mausoleum of Emperor Zhu Gaochi (year number Hongxi) and Empress Zhang, the fourth emperor of the Ming Dynasty. The construction of Xianling Mausoleum began after the death of Injong. On his deathbed, Renzong wrote an edict: "Since I am facing the sun, I am not grateful to the people, and I can't bear to work hard. The mountain and mausoleum system is frugal." After Emperor Xuanzong Zhu Zhanji ascended the throne, he built a mausoleum in accordance with Renzong's testamentary edict. He called Shang Zhouyi and Xia Yuanji to the palace and told them that the country buried its relatives with the wealth of the four seas, so why bother? However, the ancient emperor Ming Wang was frugal. As a dutiful son, I just want to preserve my loved ones' bodies forever, and I don't want to be buried with a thick burial. The disadvantages of thick burial in Qin and Han dynasties are enough to be clear. What's more, the imperial examination testamentary edict was built from frugality, and it is known in the world that the mountain mausoleum should be built today. What do you think of it? Zhou Yi and others replied: The sage sees lofty and originates from filial piety, which is beneficial to future generations. Therefore, Xuanzong decided to regulate the cemetery, and appointed Chengshan Hou Wangtong and Prime Minister Huang Fu, Minister of Industry, to repair the cemetery. It took only three months from July of Hongxi's first year to August when Xuanying was completed and Renzong was buried. Ground buildings are also being built. In August, he was ordered by the Ministry of Industry to build a gatehouse, a palace, a left and right temple and a kitchen. In the seventh year of the Orthodox Church (1442), the Ming building was built in December, and the mausoleum building was completed in March of the following year. Ten thousand sergeants under the command of Bo Lilong, a garrison city in Nanjing, 118, craftsmen of Weibei Army near Nanjing Shipyard, and 5, civilian workers recruited by Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Zhili, Fengyang, Daming and other prefectures ...
Qingling Mausoleum
Ming Qingling Mausoleum, located at the south foot of the Second Ridge of Huangshan Temple in Tianshou Mountain Mausoleum in Changping, Beijing, is the 14th emperor of the Ming Dynasty.
The underground Xuan Palace in Qingling was built in March in the first year of the Apocalypse (AD 1621) and closed in Longmen on July 29th, which lasted for four months and cost 1.5 million taels of silver. And the quality of the project is fine, except that the Xuan Palace is all made of stone, its "back, middle and front halls" are separated by "heavy doors". In the sixth year of the Apocalypse (AD 1626), the ground building was completed. Its cemetery building consists of Shinto, Mausoleum Palace and ancillary buildings outside Mausoleum Palace. Build a single empty stone bridge on Shinto. Near the mausoleum, a masterpiece of Shengde Monument Pavilion was built. A monument was erected in the pavilion, and the decapitated turtle fell without words.
the overall layout of the mausoleum building is in the shape of a front and a back circle, covering an area of about 27,6 square meters. There are two square courtyards in front, which are not connected with each other. There is a Shinto connection between the two courtyards, and three single-empty stone bridges are built after the first courtyard. The first one entered the courtyard, with the door of the tomb as the door, resting on the top of the mountain with a single eaves and three rooms wide. There are five temples in the courtyard, five on the left and five on the right. Two sacred silk furnaces. In the second courtyard, there are three doors in front, with two-column archway doors and a stone memorial case. On the case, there is a stone incense burner, two in Thailand and two in vases, and the square courtyard is followed by a round treasure city. There is a square city platform at the entrance of the treasure city, and a double-eaved, mountain-resting Ming building is built above the city platform. There is a sacred monument in the building, engraved with "Daming" and "the tomb of Emperor Guangzong Zhen". The city of Houbao, the Ming building, is filled with loess, and a cylindrical body with a small top and a large bottom is rammed in the center, with a bottom diameter of about 28 meters. The retaining wall in front of the tomb is the same height as the Baocheng wall, and forms a courtyard with a crescent-shaped plane with the Baocheng platform and the walls on both sides-the dumb courtyard, in which there is a wall-mounted glazed wall. There are some ancillary buildings besides odd jobs, such as the sacrificial pavilion, the God Chef, the God Library, the Temple Sacrifice Department, the God Palace Supervisor, the Chaofang, the Orchard, the Hazel Factory, and the God Horse House.
Maoling
Ming Maoling, located at the foot of Jubaoshan on the right side of Yuling, is the burial tomb of Zhu Jianshen, the eighth emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and the three empresses Wang, Ji and Shao. The mausoleum name of Maoling was scheduled for September 15th, the 23rd year of Chenghua (1487). On the same day, the heir emperor Xiaozong Zhu Youtang ordered the mausoleum to be built. The location of the mausoleum was determined by Ni Yue, the right assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites, and Zheng Lihua, the supervisor of Qin Tian Prison. Huang Shun, the eunuch in charge of the internal official prison, Li Liang, the eunuch in charge of the royal horse prison, Zhu Yong, a teacher and a prince, and Zheng Chen, the left assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry, were ordered to be the prefect of sergeant craftsmen. On September 19th, the hill started to break ground, with 4, troops in Beijing. On December 17th, Xian Zong and Empress Dowager Xiao Mu were buried. On April 24th, the first year of Hongzhi (1488), the Mausoleum Project was completed, which took more than seven months. The mausoleum system is generally like the Yuling Mausoleum, but there are treads in the left and right directions behind the glazed wall in Baocheng, which can climb Baoshan, and it is different from other tombs.
Kangling
Ming Kangling, located at the east foot of Jinling (also known as Lotus Mountain or Babao Lotus Mountain), is the burial tomb of Emperor Zhu Houzhao (whose year number is Zhengde) and Empress Xia, the tenth emperor of Ming Dynasty.
Jingling
Ming Jingling, located at the foot of Tianshou Mountain (also known as Montenegro), is the burial tomb of Emperor Zhu Zhanji (year number Xuande) and Empress Sun Shi, the fifth emperor of the Ming Dynasty. The construction of Jingling began after Xuanzong's death. After Zhu Qizhen acceded to the throne, Emperor Yingzong immediately sent people to the tomb area of Tianshou Mountain. On the 11th day of the first month of the tenth year of Xuande (1435), the mausoleum construction was officially started. Eunuch Mu Jing, Fengcheng Hou Lixian, Minister Wu Zhong of the Ministry of Industry and Assistant Minister Cai Xin were ordered to supervise the work. Lord protector Zhu Yong, newly-built "Li Yu", viceroy shenqing, government offices in the inner government, Royal Guards, etc. * * * sent 1, military and civilian craftsmen to work. On June 21st, Xuanzong was buried. In the seventh year of Tianshun (1463), the mausoleum was completed on March 19th. In the meantime, it lasted for 28 years intermittently.
the cemetery system, one follows the principle of offering tombs and being frugal. Its Shinto branch from the south to the east of the five empty bridges in the north of Changling Shinto, about 1.5 kilometers long, and a single empty stone bridge was built on the way. The mausoleum palace faces 55o from south to west, covering an area of about 25, square meters. Baocheng is built into a slender shape with a round front and a round back due to the terrain. The square courtyard in front is connected with the treasure city in the back. On the central axis, buildings such as Yun 'en Gate, Yun 'en Hall, Three Gates, Xing 'xing Gate, Shi Gongan, Fangcheng and Minglou were built in turn.
Tailing Mausoleum
Ming Tailing Mausoleum, located at the southern foot of penholder Shandong, is also called "Shijiatai" or "Shijiashan". It is the burial tomb of Emperor Zhu Youtang (Hongzhi), the ninth emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and his empress Zhang.
The planning of the Tailing Mausoleum was made after the death of Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty. According to Records of Wuzong in Ming Dynasty, after Wuzong ascended the throne, he began to organize the funeral of Xiaozong. Li Jie, left assistant minister of rites, Ni Qian, deputy supervisor of Qin Tian prison, and Dai Yi, eunuch of Si Li prison, said to Wu Zong, "There is a place called Shijiatai in the west of Maoling, which is a auspicious place to build a mausoleum, and the mausoleum of Emperor Dahang can be built there." Xu Tianxi, the right engineer, also suggested to Wu Zong that people who are proficient in geomantic omen among courtiers should be sent to see it again. He also suggested: "If in doubt, please move to Jiangxi and other places. Seek warlocks extensively, visit famous mountains extensively, the service winner is strong, the atmosphere is gathered, the water and soil are deep, the acupoint method is correct, and the strength is complete. As Song Ru and Zhu Xi said, you can serve the gods and pray for the country's eternal life.