1, the relationship between man and nature 2007-11-0/2:10 the relationship between man and nature.
Lukeqian
The relationship between man and nature reflects the interaction between human civilization and natural evolution. The survival and development of human beings depend on nature and also affect its structure, function and evolution. The relationship between man and nature is mainly reflected in three aspects:
First of all, man and nature are unified.
As a biological species, human beings are indeed a part of nature, and human life activities always follow the laws of nature. In the long-term evolution of nature, human beings have formed intelligence beyond other species and established an extremely complex and rigorous social organization system. Although compared with other living things and inanimate substances, human beings have many different characteristics, especially high initiative and creativity, but human beings themselves are the result of long-term evolution of nature, and have always maintained the exchange of materials, energy and information with nature. Without human beings, nature still exists, that is, nature does not depend on human beings; But human beings can only survive in a certain natural environment, which means that human beings always rely on nature.
The second is the influence and function of human beings on nature.
Human beings have an important influence and function on nature, including obtaining resources and space from nature, enjoying the service functions provided by ecosystems, and discharging wastes into the environment;
The third is the influence and reaction of nature to human beings.
Nature can react on people and its influence, including the restriction of resources and environment on human survival and development, and the negative influence of natural disasters, environmental pollution and ecological degradation on human beings.
Human society is constantly developing in the process of understanding, utilizing, transforming and adapting to nature. The historical evolution of the relationship between man and nature is a spiral rising process from harmony to imbalance and then to new harmony. Marx once said: "The complete and essential unity between man and nature is the real resurrection of nature". Pursuing the harmony between man and nature and realizing the comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development of human society is the value orientation and ultimate destination of human beings.
In order to fundamentally realize the relationship between man and nature from conflict to harmony, we must abandon the traditional concept of economic development, actively develop ecological economy and strive to realize economic ecologicalization. The so-called economic ecologicalization refers to the establishment, popularization and application of a technical system that is in harmony with the environment, a dynamic monitoring and forecasting and early warning system that can timely and accurately collect and process information about the environment and development, a market price signal system that can sensitively reflect the economic consequences of changes in natural resources and their various functions, a code of conduct system that can guide people to live in harmony with nature, and a democratic and scientific comprehensive decision-making system for the environment and development. In short, economic ecologicalization is a process in which human economic activities conform to the requirements of ecological laws and become ecologically reasonable. Its essence and core content are: the material metabolism between man and nature and their products caused by labor-based economic process is gradually integrated into the material metabolism of natural ecosystem itself in a relatively balanced, harmonious, smooth and smooth way. Therefore, only by developing ecological economy can we completely overcome the sharp opposition between man and nature, realize the harmonious development of man and nature, and realize the unity of man and nature again.
2, the relationship between man and nature, excluding all dogmatic and conceptual definitions and induction, what is left?
There is no doubt that we live in the embrace of nature, and in the process of taking from nature, we also feed back nature with our own thoughts and actions derived from it. In some traditional sayings, it is considered that labor is the main symbol that distinguishes people from other natural creatures. But in fact, people are human because they know how to think. It is precisely because of the communication and exchange of ideas that people can establish a seemingly metaphysical, but actually real and hidden connection with nature. This connection is different from other creatures' passive adaptation to the surrounding environment and has strong subjectivity and initiative.
It is said that spiritual things are interlinked. Tao Yuanming can "pick chrysanthemums under the hedge and see Nanshan leisurely"; Li Yishan can "leave the residual lotus to listen to the rain"; Su Dongpo can "throw stones over the air, surf the waves and roll up thousands of piles of snow" ... Is this that nature is creating literature, or is the meaning of life close to nature? A harp is flowing in the mountains, inviting friends to enjoy it with pine and cypress. When people pin their spiritual existence on mountains and rivers, they also gain a broad natural living space. A lot of knowledge in ancient China is based on thinking about the relationship between man and nature: evaluating man's spiritual integrity in a "moral" way; The exploration of geomantic environment in Zhouyi: the rise, development and expansion of pastoral poetry: metaphysics in Wei and Jin dynasties dispelled wars and power struggles ... The relationship between man and nature is like a river flowing with historical development. The more human beings develop, the more obvious and profound this relationship is in the historical track.
Therefore, I don't want to keep my eyes and arguments purely on the material level. If there is no harmony between man and nature in ideological depth and spiritual concept, all "sustainable development" and "recycling" are as ridiculous as "planting trees with one hand and cutting down trees with the other". Spiritual fit is certainly not a simple technical, mechanical or economic fit. Too superficial and superficial behavior pursuit can only make us perform the comedy and ridicule described in Modern World. It should be as elegant and quiet as the temple statue in ancient Greece and the chime zither in the ancient Warring States period, dispelling the utilitarian and superficial natural return of human soul.
In fact, the slogan of protecting the environment and saving nature has been shouted for many years, but do people really realize the importance of protecting nature? Secular and very practical utilitarianism leads to the fact that human beings must experience skin pain before groaning and nesting like Hao Han birds. The flood has flowed for several years and resisted for several years; The drought lasted for several years, and it also lasted for several years. The means for human beings to save themselves in disasters have to be said to be enormous: cutting-edge science, classic theories, wave after wave of epics, touching ... What have these changed? What can it change? The relationship between man and nature, naturally, after getting tired of people who are getting farther and farther away from themselves, the result is the flood mentioned in the Bible, which cleanses their arms. Perhaps, what really makes us sad is that by that time, even the opportunity of Noah's ark will not be given to us by heaven. When desire becomes a banner held high by our times and society, we can't help looking at it and following it, so it is easy for material and utility to deconstruct the meaning of the soul. Degeneration and sadness, decadence and disappointment are the universal and natural psychological states of contemporary people. On such a spiritual level, how can the relationship between man and nature be perfect, harmonious, interdependent and complementary?
Of course, in dealing with the relationship between man and nature, I am not denying the use of advanced science and technology and the gradual improvement of natural science. I just want to appeal to people that it's time to get rid of that kind of unconfident arrogance, that kind of arty narcissism, that kind of decadent selfishness, that kind of spiritual desolation that is numb by material and utility, and let the soul return to calm and enter nature.
The perfect expression of the relationship between man and nature, which was born under the traditional civilization in China, is now often understood as being linked with the small-scale peasant economy. We should look for a concept category that can be used for reference to the relationship between man and nature under our current industrial civilization. I didn't want to say this word at first, because "harmony between man and nature" has been overused in recent years. Having said that, I think we should clarify some misunderstandings about this word. "The unity of heaven and man" is actually a spiritual realm, not limited to a certain faction. There are Confucianism, Taoism is also outstanding, and Zen is equally profound. At first, this idea infiltrated into art, and it has a long history with China's ancient civilized architecture, calligraphy, painting, poetry and other art forms. I don't quite agree that people's understanding and interpretation of "harmony between man and nature" is bound and limited to the social form of feudal small-scale peasant economy, so it is too practical and direct to judge that it is no longer suitable for current life and civilization. It is precisely the cultural thought during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, represented by the "harmony between man and nature", which is a magnificent treasure that our whole nation has been studying for 3,000 years.
The significance of "harmony between man and nature" lies in its fuzziness, unpredictability, uncertainty and mystery. Because it is through these characteristics that such an idea secretly conforms to the characteristics of nature. Isn't nature in our eyes presented to us with such characteristics? Who can clap his chest and say that nature in my eyes is clear, coherent and logical, as closely connected as screws and nuts? People are not humble. When nature is approaching us step by step, what we think of is not to continue to maintain a heart of awe and sincerity, but to break the quietly implied balance between man and nature in a self-righteous way. In this way, it will inevitably lose the meaning of nature itself in our hearts and minds. What is eternal is classic, and what is lasting is nature. In the continuous development of civilization, it should not be the occasional 5 million that can shock our hearts; It shouldn't be a wonderful NBA game, so what should it be?
The relationship between man and nature should not be a cultural phenomenon to gain economic benefits; Nor should it stay on the sustainable development of human beings and the driving factors of natural science and technology to the natural cycle. It's time for us to change our perspective. What has nature taught us? Turn people into machines or computers? Or become blue sky and white clouds?
Finally, I want to end this article with a contrast: When the World Trade Center, a symbol of post-industrial civilization wealth, collapsed under the impact of the evil humanity alienated by the civilized form it represented, let us look to the mountains and rivers in Tianfu Basin, which benefited Dujiangyan water conservancy project for thousands of years. Simple material pursuit brings instant collapse and extinction; Simple flowing water, in the long river of history, is accompanied by enduring honor and praise. Only the latter is the classic of "harmony between man and nature" and harmony between man and nature.
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