In the starry sky with splendid architectural culture in China, China gardens are deeply influenced by Taoism. Judging from the origin and architectural space of the ancient "palace", the ancient gardens in China are actually the historical inevitable development of the narrow architectural style of houses.
Suzhou Garden, as the first garden integrating house and garden in China, also reflects the lifestyle and customs of folk living and leaving their relatives in the south of the Yangtze River in ancient China. It is not only the product of history and culture, but also the carrier of China's traditional ideology and culture.
Judging from the development of Suzhou gardens, Suzhou classical gardens began in the Spring and Autumn Period, developed with the Tang and Song Dynasties, and flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. After vicissitudes, turmoil, loss and achievements, he has always maintained his inner spirit and artistic pursuit. Time flies, everything is born and dies, but what remains unchanged is the spirit. Suzhou Garden embodies the profound artistic conception of China traditional culture from its own spiritual level, and shapes the garden atmosphere with infinite vitality in layout structure. They are world-recognized models of design ideas and have high artistic status and aesthetic value.
1 Aesthetic Features of Suzhou Gardens
Suzhou classical gardens are mainly private gardens, which are comprehensive works of art composed of architecture, landscape, flowers and trees, roads and other literati factors. They combine natural beauty, architectural beauty and painting beauty, and have high aesthetic value and design ideas. They internalize the external nature into a harmonious aesthetic consciousness and rebuild the relationship between man and nature.
From an aesthetic point of view, it has three major aesthetic characteristics of Suzhou gardens:
(1) has rich cultural connotations. The ingenious combination of Suzhou garden-style gardens and mountains and rivers is an ancient literati's perception of the surrounding natural environment. On the basis of the external natural environment, they project their subjective feelings and objective understanding, integrate the humanistic spirit into nature, and then create nature, and finally reach the artistic realm of "although it is artificial, it is like nature". At the same time, it also embodies the deeper thought of China's traditional philosophy-the unity of man and nature. Because from the layout structure of Suzhou gardens, there is a unity of abstraction and concreteness. As a residence, it not only settled people's bodies, but also loaded their souls. It is people's understanding of their ideal living conditions that naturally runs through the design and implementation of the garden layout structure, thus avoiding a trace of seclusion in the garden. One mountain, one tree, one pavilion and one courtyard all contain the philosophical thought of "harmony between man and nature"
(2) The artistic concept of freehand brushwork. Suzhou gardens, big or small, attach great importance to gardening art and strive to create a "freehand brushwork" artistic idea. It uses endless and eclectic artistic techniques to decorate rockeries, trees, pavilions, ponds and bridges in a limited space with the interest of flowers and birds in China landscape and the artistic conception of Tang poetry and Song poetry. Generally speaking, the layout is centered on water, which has changed a lot, creating the skills of embodying nature in gardens. Because it lives in the city, it can enjoy the wild interest of the mountains and give people an artistic effect of seeing the big from the small; In color, the white wall and tile chestnut column conform to nature; The space is open and clear, with deep twists and turns, deep and shallow, virtual and real, and virtual and real; The interior is decorated with mahogany furniture, famous calligraphy and painting, couplets and bonsai, which looks beautiful and elegant. Suzhou gardens not only have high ornamental value, but also have high artistic, historical and cultural research value.
(3) Perfect living conditions and living environment. Suzhou's classical gardens and homes are integrated, so you can see, play and live. The formation of this architectural form is a creation that human beings attach themselves to nature, pursue harmony with nature, beautify and improve their living environment in a densely populated city lacking natural scenery. It is an "urban mountain forest" full of natural interest in the city. People living in downtown areas can enjoy the "joy of mountains and rivers" of nature as soon as they enter the garden.
The road landscape of Suzhou gardens, its plane layout is in the form of ancient capital chessboard, generally there is no "central axis" like palaces, tombs and houses. The viewing route connecting the scenic spots in the garden is set according to the situation. Between mountains, between water and water, there are winding mountain roads and gentle bridges, just like many blood vessels in the unlined upper garment area, blood and air flow smoothly, which can create a winding and secluded artistic conception. The flowers and trees in the garden space have the function of forming the beauty of the landscape together with stone roads, pools and buildings. The flowers and trees near the building can enrich the cultural image of the building and have the functions of shading, smelling and appreciating.