Every place should have its own customary way of showing affection. Just like a key, a name or a gesture can open the barrier between you and the locals. If you are in Jiangxi, especially in southern Gansu, which is known as the "Qing Shu Qi of Zhongzhou", there is a secret to communicate well with the locals - affectionately call "old cousin"! Don’t underestimate this seemingly rustic title. It is a bridge that brings closer relationships between strangers in Jiangxi. Maybe the hospitable host will invite you to his home to taste the unique "lei" of the Hakka people. "Tea"! Jiangxi people themselves also call each other "Laobiao" instead of "comrade" and "fellow fellow", adding a sense of intimacy to their simplicity.
Jiangxi people have a long history of favoring "old watches", and the earliest statement may be traced back to the totem era. According to research, "Biao" often referred to wood in the old days. For example, in "Xuan Gong's Twelve Years": "Tomorrow, the corpses that are used to represent the body will be found under the wood." Du's note: "Biao refers to wood." And Qing Jiang Wu The excavation of the city ruins revealed that the red clay altar of the Shang Dynasty was "distributed with hundreds of pillar holes of different sizes, mostly arranged in rows or staggered." This is obviously the original fetishistic totem of the Dongyi people in the Jianghuai River Basin and the Jiangnan Zhanyan area. Pillar faith. From the mid-Shang Dynasty to the end of the Warring States Period, "Laobiao" had written records. So there is a saying that "Laobiao" is originally a folk saying for totem poles, and it is the memory residue of the totem image among Jiangxi ethnic groups.
Although this kind of totem traceability can push the origin of "Laobiao" forward, after all, it involves a lot of ancient documents and historical research, and not many people can understand and accept it. Ordinary people are more inclined to understand "old cousin" as a cousin according to today's way of thinking. But is it a cousin of Jiangxi Province, or a cousin relationship between Jiangxi and neighboring provinces? In the legend, there are two flowers blooming, each representing one.
1. "Laobiao" comes from Hakka
Some people say that the title "Laobiao" was spontaneously initiated by the Hakka people in Jiangxi to adapt to the unfamiliar living environment. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Han people in the Central Plains have been demoted, stationed, or looking for a new living space. They have moved southward as a whole, and most of them have settled in the mountainous areas of Fujian, Guangdong, and Gansu, which are blocked by mountains and mountains. The indigenous people call themselves "tiger sitting on the ground" and the Hakka people (i.e. the Han people in the Central Plains) are "tiger crossing the mountain". The natives and guests fought each other for fields and mountains, and the two tigers fought fiercely. Hakkas who have different nationalities, surnames, and sects wisely use the term "old cousin" to strengthen their relationship with other Hakkas, so as to unite and share the same boat. The purpose of economic development and mutual dependence in times of adversity. Over time, "Lao Biao" became a custom and became an affectionate term for Hakkas in Jiangxi to socialize and establish new interpersonal relationships.
2. "Laobiao" comes from the nickname of the sibling provinces surrounding Jiangxi.
Another saying is also about migration, but it is not about moving into Jiangxi, but moving out of Jiangxi. , "Laobiao" is the nickname given to the ancestor of Jiangxi by surrounding provinces. The historical reason may be that Jiangxi was not incorporated into the national political map very early. After the Qin Dynasty, Guangzhou, Fujian and other provinces were included, and the geographical location gradually became apparent. However, agriculture is still the mainstay. Due to premature saturation of the population, most people in Jiangxi are engaged in farming. Traveling around, mostly in remote areas. People in Fujian feel that only they can call people in Jiangxi "old cousin"; people in Guangdong also believe that they are cousins ??to people in Jiangxi; there is a legend in Hubei that the people in Hubei were all killed in the past and later migrated here on the basis of three brothers from Jiangxi. , was passed down, and there are still places where there are ancestral halls commemorating these three brothers; more of them are Hunanese. Mr. Zou Huaheng’s "Hunan Genealogy" stated this: "Most of the ancestors who moved to Hunan came from Jiangxi. Now. Among the Hunan genealogies seen, when describing the origin of the lineage, more than 60% of the genealogies state that the first ancestors came from Jiangxi during the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, especially from Taihe, Luling, Jishui, Nanchang, Ji'an Prefecture, Jiangxi Province in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties. Fengcheng and Nanchang counties in the prefecture... Years of wars and wars in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties left most of the countryside in Hunan deserted and the houses in ruins. Subsequently, a large number of original residents in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and Fujian were dispersed. , Gan people, especially Jiangxi people, poured into Hunan in large numbers... Folks have spread the saying that "Jiangxi fills Huguang". Now, when Hunan people talk about Jiangxi people, they often call them Jiangxi laobiao. The author is at a loss what it means, given that Hunan people. Most of their ancestors come from the historical origins of Jiangxi. Let’s put it in a nutshell: Biao means cousin, which means that the children born to the father’s sisters and mother’s brothers and sisters are called cousins; Lao means ancestors.
"Laobiao" means the cousin of the ancestors, and "Jiangxi Laobiao" refers to the cousin relationship between the ancestors of people in Jiangxi and Hunan provinces. It is a nickname given to Jiangxi people by Hunan people. ”
3. In addition, there are some opinions that are not recognized by the public, but are quite interesting. You might as well share one or two for the benefit of readers.
Gan Nan is the birthplace of Feng Shui culture. The Hakkas in southern Jiangxi believe in Feng Shui and it is also recorded in local chronicles: "It is easy to talk about Feng Shui, but it is confusing to the experts. There are many people who change the burial during Qingming and Winter Solstice." "People believe in Feng Shui, and they often open their eyes more than ten years after the burial to check the auspiciousness of the acupoints." In the late Tang Dynasty, Yang Junsong took refuge in southern Jiangxi and founded the "Situation School" of Feng Shui. Some people judged the location of Gan based on these historical facts. The ancestors believed in Feng Shui, and in order to help them grasp the direction during migration, Jiangxi people liked to carry a watch with them, which was the compass in ancient times. Therefore, they were called "Laobiao" by outsiders.
There is another saying. Xuan is related to Zhang Tianshi. As we all know, Zhang Tianshi is good at drawing talismans, that is, drawing frames. He once "occupied the world for thirty-seven years, but the people suffered many disasters." It is the decree of the emperor, the emperor of three yuan, three grades and three officials, came down to the earth to observe the good and evil in the world. The good people should be spread to others to avoid disaster for the whole family. If you copy one piece and share it with others, you will avoid disaster for one family; if you copy ten pieces, you will avoid disaster for ten families. "His talisman mounting was praised by the emperor, and "Jiangxi Lao mounting" spread among the people, which was later alienated into "Lao Biao".
4. "Old Biao" originated from the Zhu Yuanzhang period
At the end of the Yuan Dynasty (mid-13th century), in order to weaken the resistance of the people of all ethnic groups and maintain their Yuan Dynasty privileges, the Mongolian feudal rulers stubbornly pursued policies of ethnic discrimination and oppression. The product of this tyranny was the anti-Yuan struggle. Various uprisings. Zhu Yuanzhang, the leader of the peasant uprising, fought for 18 years in Poyang Lake, Jiangxi, with Chen Youliang, the leader of the rebel army who occupied the Han Dynasty and was called the King of Han. Chen Youliang was a fisherman with many brothers, brave soldiers and strong martial arts. , good at fighting on the water, according to "Yuqian County Chronicles": In 1363 AD, Chen Youliang dispatched dozens of giant ships and 600,000 sailors to siege Hongdu (now Nanchang). In this battle, Chen Junxiao general Zhang Dingbian captured Zhu Yuanzhang. The whole army was almost wiped out. Zhu Yuanzhang, with his remaining soldiers and defeated generals, panicked and fled into Hong Kong.
The vast Poyang Lake was 800 miles away, and the water was connected to the sky. With no way out, Zhu Yuanzhang looked up to the sky and sighed: "Fall." At this point, it was impossible for me to survive! For several days, they suffered from hunger and cold, drifting blindly in the rain and wind, retreating, and finally approached a peninsula of land called Kanglang Mountain, belonging to Yugan. County. The villagers found several boats floating on the lake and came forward to interrogate them. It turned out that they were Zhu Yuanzhang's army who had carried the banner of "eliminating the bandits and relieving the people's suffering; practice benevolence and righteousness, and do not covet wealth". They rescued them ashore. , arranged for them to be treated and rehabilitated, and each family sent them food, pork, and vegetables, and took care of them like relatives. Zhu Yuanzhang was shot by several arrows and was seriously injured. The villagers hid him in a cave and invited a doctor to visit him every day. Zhu Yuanzhang was very moved by drawing arrows to cure the poison, applying medicine and feeding him. The villagers said, "Our whole village is named Chen. My uncle from Fengyang is also named Chen." Maybe you were still the same family five hundred years ago. In that case, you and I are still cousins! From then on, both parties affectionately called each other "old cousin".
After a period of time. After resting and being cared for by his fellow villagers, Zhu Yuanzhang recovered. He used this as a base to take in his old troops, recruit soldiers and horses, cultivate the Hutianzhou land, help the villagers develop production, and increase the army's supplies. After more than two years, Zhu Yuanzhang regained his military power and raised 200,000 troops. The divisions lined up in Kanglang Mountain. With the support of the local people, Zhu Yuanzhang tied up a large number of fishing boats with reeds and hidden fuel and gunpowder, and took advantage of the east wind to attack Chen Ying. In a 35-day water battle, Chen Youliang was exiled. He was shot in the head and killed. This battle laid a solid foundation for Zhu Yuanzhang to change the situation, unify the country, and establish the Ming Dynasty.
Zhu Yuanzhang was grateful for the support and help of the Kanglangshan people. When he left the village, he expressed his gratitude to the people of Kanglangshan. The fellow villagers said: If I, Zhu Yuanzhang, conquer the world, if you have anything to do, just come to me, just say that I am from Jiangxi, and I will definitely repay your kindness.
In 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang. He ascended the throne in Yingtian Mansion (Nanjing), surrounded by thousands of people, shouting "long live" and ascended the throne of the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty. A few years later, floods and droughts occurred one after another in Jiangxi, and disasters continued, and the people struggled with hunger and cold. Corrupt local government officials also collect land taxes and taxes from the common people, and expropriate their property, which makes the common people miserable.
At this time, someone suddenly remembered what the current emperor Zhu Yuanzhang said when he left the village. Maybe he could really show mercy, so the village selected three courageous and knowledgeable people to find him.
The three villagers traveled by land and water, day and night, and finally arrived in Nanjing after going through untold hardships. When country people come to Beijing, they don't know how strict the palace compound is. They beg for mercy on the left, kowtow on the right, and stuff their pockets with gifts, but they still never see the emperor. Out of helplessness, they had no choice but to risk their lives and come to the palace to ring bells and drums. The bells and drums alarmed the emperor, and he asked: "Who dares to surprise the emperor?" The eunuch Wei Wei reported: "Three common people from Jiangxi, they said they were the emperor's cousins, and they kept asking to see the emperor." When Zhu Yuanzhang heard this, he suddenly remembered Kang Lang back then. In the desolate scene of the mountain, a big hand is raised: Kuaitianzhongmen welcomes you with a big courtesy. Zhu Yuanzhang met the "old cousin" who came from Jiangxi, asked about the reason, gave him good words to comfort him, and treated him with good wine. He immediately issued an order to withdraw a large amount of money, grain and grass to help the victims in Jiangxi. Kanglang Mountain would be exempted from paying grain taxes forever. States, prefectures, and counties.
Since then, "Jiangxi Old Biao" has spread throughout the country.
Story: My old cousin became famous for his enthusiasm
Marshal Chen Yi, who is well-known at home and abroad, when he insisted on guerrilla warfare in the Jiangxi-Guangdong border area, he also depended on his old cousin in southern Jiangxi for life and death. ***, formed an unforgettable deep friendship. After the national victory, Chen Yi became marshal and deputy prime minister. Zhu Zanzhen, a guerrilla with whom he had enjoyed wild meals and slept in the same bed in the mountains of Jiangxi and Guangdong, came to Beijing to visit Mr. Chen. When a call is made, the staff does not know the identity of the caller and will not report it. Zhu Zanzhen lost her temper and shouted angrily: "That's unreasonable! Just say I am Mr. Zhu from Xinfeng!" Upon hearing this, Chen Yi quickly ordered his secretary to send a special car to greet him. When the two met, Zhu Zanzhen's eyes filled with tears. She raised her hand and punched Chen Yi, saying affectionately: "Zi Gutou (meaning the person who leads the troops), I thought you had forgotten our old cousin Zuotian!" Chen Yi hugged him. On the shoulder, he said: "Wherever we are, no matter how rich or noble we are, never forget each other. My dear cousin, do you think I, Chen Yi, am that kind of character? My old cousin from Gannan and I, Chen Yi, are brothers and sisters, and we are so kind to our parents. How dare I forget that!" In the 1960s! At the beginning, Liu Junxiu, then deputy secretary of the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee, went to Beijing to report on his work. Premier Zhou introduced to Chairman Mao: "This is Liu Junxiu, an old cousin from Jiangxi." Mao Zedong laughed and said: "Rare visitors, rare visitors! Ha, old cousin from Jiangxi." He is famous."
Jiangxi people like to call themselves "old cousins", and foreigners also use "old cousins" to express their affection and welcome to Jiangxi people. For this reason, Jiangxi people naturally have a subconscious attachment to their cousins, especially in the degree of respect they have for their uncles, which is unmatched by outsiders.
In fact, as early as the matrilineal clan system and the early patrilineal clan system in primitive society, due to chaotic sexual relations, there was a kind of natural rights and obligations between uncles and nephews. As the closest male elder to the niece and nephew, the uncle and the sister share the responsibility of raising and educating the next generation. When they grow old, they will be supported by the nephew and niece, and their positions (chief, priest, etc.) and personal property will also be inherited by the nephew and niece. In many places, there is still a saying of "Thunder God in the sky, uncle in the ground". This is a remnant of the matriarchal clan system. However, there are many rituals in Jiangxi that preserve this tradition of "respecting the uncle".
Take the wedding ceremony in Ganzhou. When a nephew gets married, his uncle is the guest of honor. On the day of the wedding, the uncle has to hang a wooden plaque (now often replaced by a glass mirror) in a conspicuous place in the hall, and write the name of the nephew and auspicious words. While hanging it, the uncle needs to keep saying Reciting auspicious words, this ceremony is called registration.
Also, Hakka people have the custom of giving away their daughters in marriage. Among the people giving the wedding, the most important one is the bride's uncle, who is the bride's younger brother (usually the youngest brother). This is an indispensable figure. If you don’t have a biological brother, you should invite your closest cousin. The task of the uncle who gave the wedding was to carry the money bag for his sister (in the past, he used to hold the money box). Before getting married, the bride will cry to her parents, relatives and friends, and the money earned from the wedding will be put in this money bag. According to the rules of the Hakka people, the bride is not allowed to take her mother's money with her when she gets married, so she can only let the younger brother who is getting married hold the money bag. The wedding uncle is a distinguished guest among guests, a distinguished guest among distinguished guests. The groom must treat him with special respect and serve him warmly and thoughtfully, without daring to show any neglect. The bride-to-be uncle will not enter the groom's house with his sister at the same time. After the bride and groom have bowed to heaven and earth, the groom's family will go to the door to greet the bride-to-be uncle, and at the same time give the bride-to-be uncle a big red envelope. Some bridegrooms are naughty or want to get more red envelopes, so they always have to wait outside for a long time.
After seeing the bride's uncle through the door, the groom's family should immediately serve him a full bowl. In addition, if the groom wants to get the money bag, he must also wrap several red envelopes. When the banquet begins, the groom's family must carry out the etiquette of setting up the banquet. There is no doubt that the bride-to-be uncle, regardless of his age, must sit at the banquet. There are also playing and playing and firecrackers being set off at the banquet. Some bridegrooms will hide at this time. The groom will look around and find him and give him red envelopes before he can sit down at the banquet. During the wedding ceremony, the wedding uncle usually stays with the sister. After the people in the wedding room have dispersed in the dead of night, some wedding uncles, especially young ones, will stay there and refuse to leave, saying that they want to sleep with their sisters. At this time, the groom has to put a lot of effort into coaxing the bride-to-be uncle away by using both soft and hard tactics, such as luring him with red envelopes. At this time, no matter how impatient or irritable the groom and his family are, they will endure it. This fully shows that Jiangxi people do not dare to be ambiguous in their attitude towards their uncle.
Moreover, whenever there is a banquet, at every Eight Immortals table, as long as there is an uncle, he must sit on the table. This cousin relationship is recognized by the entire society.
Jiangxi people are so cute and sincerely like the title of "old cousin", and warmly greet guests coming from all over the country, and practice their role as "old cousin" to the people of the whole country!
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Dictionary definition:
①Cousins.
②〈方〉A polite term for men of similar age who are strangers to each other.