The earliest light of civilization appeared in the two river basins on the earth, which was created by Sumerians. The two rivers refer to the Euphrates River and Tigris River in southwest Asia. The middle and lower reaches of these two rivers are flat, and the ancient Greeks called them "Mesopotamia", which means the land between the rivers. Sumerians lived here as early as four or five thousand years ago BC. For Sumerians, although people don't know what nationality they are. However, they made use of the superior local natural conditions to create the earliest civilization of mankind, but they were unanimously recognized. Human civilization first appeared in Mesopotamia, which is attributed to "the date palm trees growing there not only provided rich food, but also provided a lot of wood;" In the reeds there, there are all kinds of wild birds and animals, as well as fish, which provide valuable food protein and fat; What is particularly valuable is that the soil there is extremely fertile alluvial soil. "(Anoos, Stavri, 1999). Smart Sumer chose this "land of geomantic omen" and successfully completed the transition from tribal culture to civilization in Neolithic age.
Sumerians created splendid cultures in the two river basins, the most representative of which was cuneiform characters formed in 3000 BC. As a famous scholar said, "writing is not a thoughtful invention, but a by-product with a strong sense of private property." Writing has always been a feature of Sumerian classical civilization. "Cuneiform writing is a writing material made by Sumerians from the soil of two river basins, engraved with reed poles, bone sticks or wooden sticks cut into triangular tips as pens. Because it is shaped like a wedge, it is called cuneiform. In addition to cuneiform characters, Sumerians have been able to distinguish five planets and stars, and divide the stars visible to the naked eye into constellations, and later into zodiac signs. In addition, there is forgotten one, a literary epic with about 3,500 lines, which is the earliest epic in the world so far.
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