This year marks the birth1300th anniversary of Du Fu, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. Fan Chunxuan, a 78-year-old scholar in Kangdian, gongyi city, Henan Province, once served as secretary of the Party branch of Kangdian Village. He specially wrote an article in memory of Du Fu, "Wandering souls return home all their lives". This website is specially published, hoping that more people, especially young readers, can understand Du Fu, the true meaning of literary creation with real vitality, and the excellent cultural tradition of the Chinese nation.
Ghosts return home all their lives.
-Dedicated to the 1,300th anniversary of Du Fu's birth.
Fan chunxuan
Standing in front of Du Fu's tomb, looking at the lush pines and cypresses and listening to the birds singing, reverence arises spontaneously. In retrospect, the poet saint drifted all his life, died in a foreign country, and his body drifted for 43 years. Finally buried in my hometown and buried in Mangling, it is a great fortune in misfortune. Throughout the ages, literati have come to pay their respects for a long time. Write a poem to show admiration. Jing Shaoling by Zhou Xu, a poet in the Ming Dynasty;
The tomb of Ling Du, a poet, is at the top of Beimang Mountain and is famous for its reputation and history.
The ape sounds sad, the trees are cold and smoky, but the article still exists, and the night in Zhu Tian shines.
Zhou Xu not only spoke highly of Du Fu, but also wrote the location and situation of Du Fu's tomb clearly. The "expired" in the poem is the tombstone of Du Grandfather's tree, which was the tombstone when he moved to bury Gong. This "Duan inkstone" in front of Du Fu's tomb has been eroded by wind and rain for more than 800 years. In the nineteenth year of Kangxi, it was buried underground and slept for more than 200 years. It was excavated by farmers in 1965 and lived in front of Du Fu's tomb in 1985. Due to the vicissitudes of time, the surface of the monument has peeled off, and only the words "Du Gongbu's Tomb" are faintly visible. It is not only a symbol of Du Fu's tomb, but also a portrayal of Du Fu's embarrassment. Professor Xiao Difei of Shandong University wrote a poem when he visited Du Fu's tomb on 1985:
Worry about the country and the people, not about yourself, drifting from east to west and from north to south.
In order to tell those who mourned later, the poet Gu was in Tanqiu.
He affirmed that this is the real last burial place of Du Fu.
Du Fu has rested in Mangling 1200 years. However, there are still many different opinions about the burial place: some people write articles that are "mysteries", some people deny that Du Fu was born and buried in Gong, some people make a meaningful interpretation of Du Fu's poems, and some people deny that Mangling is his ancestral grave. Only argument can distinguish between true and false; This year marks the 300th anniversary of Du Fu's birth/kloc-0. I want to present the true history of Du Fu's mausoleum to readers as a token of my memory.
There are eight tombs of Du Fu in China, and each tomb has a deep historical origin with Du Fu. If only from the perspective of commemoration, it can be said that every tomb is real. Because Du Fu's footprints are all over the motherland, the soul of Du Fu's poems is everywhere. But among the eight tombs, there can only be one tomb in which Du Fu buried his bones, and the rest are empty coffins or' crowns'.
The distribution of the eight Du Fu tombs in China is as follows:
1, Du Fu Tomb in Xiangyang, Hubei Province. Xiangyang is Du Fu's original ancestral home. 2. Du Fu Tomb in Dulou Village, shouyangshan, Yanshi. This is the graveyard of Du Fu's distant ancestor, general of the Western Jin Dynasty, scholar Du Yu and his grandfather Du Fu. 3. Du Fu's Tomb in Zhangzhou (now Fuxian County), Shaanxi Province. In the 14th year of Tianbao in Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (AD 755), An Shi Rebellion broke out. In the fifteenth year of Tianbao (AD 756), Du Fu's family moved from Fengxian County, Shaanxi Province (now Pucheng, Shaanxi Province) to Qiang Village, Zhangzhou, and there were poems such as Northern Expedition and Three Poems of Qiang Village. 4. Du Fu Tomb in Huazhou, Shaanxi (now Huaxian, Shaanxi). In the first year of Gan Yuan, Tang Suzong (AD 758), Du Fu angered Su Zong by saving houses, and was demoted to Huazhou to join the army as a secretary, writing three official titles. 5. Du Fu's Tomb in Huanhuaxi, the western suburb of Chengdu, Sichuan. In the spring of the first year of Shangyuan in Tang Suzong (AD 760), Du Fu lived in Huanhuaxi Caotang in the western suburb of Chengdu. The following are some representative poems, such as "The Cottage Was Blown by Autumn Wind" and "Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night". 6. Du Fu Tomb in Leiyang, Hunan. In the fifth year of Tang Daizong Dali (AD 770), Du Fu wanted to go to Chenzhou according to his uncle Cui Wei's words, but he didn't expect to visit Tianyi Fang in Leiyang County for only one day. When the river rose, he stayed in the field and blocked the water for more than ten days, unable to move forward. Among them, he could not eat food for five days. Nie county magistrate in Leiyang heard that he was waiting for reading, so he bought rich food, and Du Fu thanked him by writing poems. The poem said: "Nie Leiyang blocked the water with servants, and the book made wine and meat rule the barren river. Poetry is transported by the bosom, and the rhyme is enjoyable. " However, the water did not retreat and could not move forward. We couldn't give this poem to Nie County Magistrate, so we had to turn around and go downstream to Hengzhou, and the water receded. Nie county magistrate searched for Du Fu on the river. That's why Zheng Gu's "Send Tian Guang" later came into being: "The spring mountains at the mouth of Leiyang River are green, and if you want to cry, you must find Du Fu's tomb." Luo Yin's "Leiyang Today's Du Gongbu Tomb": "Purple chrysanthemums are fragrant, and the rain on the banks of the army is raining. Walker's soul is naturally tired and his bones are not higher. " Meng Bin wrote in Du Gongbu, Leiyang: "One night, it began to rain in the river, and the Ministry of Industry wrote for a hundred years. See you on the same day in Qingshan, and the spirits have been heard so far. " Waiting for poetry. 7. Du Fu Tomb in Odamura, Pingjiang, Hunan. In the fifth year of Tang Daizong Dali (AD 770), Du Fu moved from Tanzhou to Yuezhou, and temporarily lived in Odamura, Pingjiang, because he was unable to transport it back to his hometown. 8. Du Fu Tomb in Mangling, Kangdian Village, Gongyi, Henan. This is the final burial place of Du Fu's remains.
Seven of Du Fu's tombs were built in places where Du Fu lived or had a direct relationship with Du Fu, so what is unique about Du Fu's tomb in Mangling, Kangdian? We can find the answer from Du Fu's poem "Delicious Food, Literature and Zongwu" written in Kuizhou. The poem says:
Quench your thirst and swim in Jianghan. You are still a soldier. Where cooked food for several years, Wan Li forced Qingming.
Mangshan Road, Songbai, Baidicheng, Fenghua. Youcao urged me to be old, and I looked back with tears.
Shen Quanqi's The Story of Los Angeles and Du Fu's Poetry Review have a detailed interpretation of this poem. "The Story of Los Angeles" said: Mangshan is the land of Dongluo Jiuyuan. The custom saves the grave with cold food, and the beauty of the son shines on harmony first, but the body stays, so it is impossible to save the province with cold food, so there is this sentence. Du Fu's Poem Review quoted Du Yu's words: "Tourists have been wandering for a long time, and on the day of cooked food, they are suddenly surprised that Qingming has been forced, and Qingming is also the next day. Mangshan Mountain is old and barren, which is very difficult for Bai Di Fenghua. Kuang Zi is getting older and older, and the old man seems to be urging him. Therefore, the mountain is not seen, and I look back and cry. " There are two poems of Du Fu's youth, which were copied from junior high school literature textbooks in 1950s. One is "Sacrificing Mother":
After three years of sacrifice, I returned to the life of my generation.
Wind and thunder are sad and happy, and rain and dew moisten the grave.
The above two poems of Du Fu convey two important messages to us: First, Du Fu's ancestral grave is in Mangling. Second, Du Fu looked forward to the return of leaves day and night, and had a strong homesickness complex.
The tomb of Du Fu in Kangdian has been the ancestral grave of Du Fu's descendants since the Tang Dynasty. Except Du Fu's grandfather Du Fu was buried in Yanshi, Du Fu's great-grandfather Du Fu, Du Fu's parents and all his family members were buried in Mangshan. Before liberation, this tomb area was full of tombs of all sizes, and all the tombs in 1958 were razed, leaving only the tombs of Du Fu, Wen Zong and Zong Wu. The descendants of Du Fu in Kang-Dian inherited the etiquette and custom of sweeping graves and sending cold clothes in winter in Tomb-Sweeping Day from generation to generation.
If Du Fu's parents and great-grandfather Yi Kuang had not been buried in Mangling, Kangdian, there would not have been a poem "Gourmet is becoming more and more obvious, Emperor Wenzong Wu". If Mangling is not Du Fu's ancestral grave and Kangdian is not Du Fu's hometown, Du Fu can't give up his long-cherished wish of seeking roots and run from his hometown to Mangshan to find a treasure trove of geomantic omen. Wang Jianshi, a poet in the middle Tang Dynasty, "Journey to the North Mang";
There is almost no idle soil at the top of Beimang Mountain, which is all the old graves of Luoyang people.
There are many people buried in the old grave, and there is no place to buy gold.
The end of the world is long and the burial day is fast, and Okasaka is rugged.
Zhang Su, a tall curtain, surrounded Mingjing and stayed at the foot of the mountain singing an elegy at night.
Luoyang city is north and east, and the soul car is Zuma yu long.
If the rut on Chang 'an Road is very wide, there are fewer wormwood than Yu Songbai trees.
This is a portrayal of the dense mass graves at that time. There is also a vivid saying among the people: "There is no place for lying cows in Mangshan." You can imagine how difficult it was to find a cemetery in Mangshan at that time, and how much did it cost? Does Du Fu, who is down and out, dare to be so extravagant? From this, we can also draw the poem "The Emperor Wen Zongwu is a scholar on the food day", which is an excellent proof that Du Fu's ancestral grave is in Mangling and Du Fu's hometown is in Kangdian.
There are still disputes about Du Fu's burial place, one is in Yanshi, and the other is in Gongxian. Those buried in Yanshi, according to the epitaph written by Tang Yuanzhen: "Sun's son, beauty begins with beauty, helping Yanshi." The inscription also said: "It is a good day to meet Du Zimei in front of Shouyang Mountain."
It is said that the main person buried in Gongxian County is Sima Guang, a politician and historian who presided over the compilation of Zi Tong Zhi Jian in the Northern Song Dynasty. According to Shi Wengong Dialect, "Du Fu was buried in Leiyang, and his grandson was buried in Gongxian County."
Yuan Zhen's epitaph and Sima Guanghua, which is right or wrong? We can find the answer from Du Fu's tombstone inscription.
Du Fu's tombstone was erected by Du Fu's family and Gongxian county magistrate in the 19th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (AD 1680), and the inscription was written by Du Shu. Du Kui, a native of Binzhou, Shandong Province, was a scholar in four years of Qing Shunzhi, and participated in politics in Henan and Zhejiang provinces six times in his life.
The epitaph reads: "Reading the collection of gentlemen, there is a sacrifice to Hou Wen in the sun, and generosity to woody water sources is also the way to pursue the distance. I also read "Zhiyun of Yanshi County": Mr. Wang was buried, attached to the tomb of Dangyang Hou, and then moved. " This passage clearly shows whether Du Fu is buried in Yanshi or Gongxian, and there is no objection to Yuan Zhen's epitaph and Sima Guang's China. Moving the tomb for the public has realized Du Fu's long-cherished wish to return to the motherland.
Du Fu's great-grandfather Du Yiyi was born in Xiangyang, Hubei. Tang Zhenguan was appointed as the magistrate of Gongxian County for twenty years and moved to Longwogou, Kangdian County. After his death, he was buried in his own Yongye field in Mangling and built Du's tomb. Du Fu's ancestral roots were planted in Mangling, Kangdian. Du Fu was born in Longwogou, Kangdian, in the first year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (AD 7 12). Du Fu copied youth poems with sigh;
When I returned to Longchao at the age of six, my mansion was sealed in the house. Dozens of war horses moved the station troops everywhere.
Pray twice a day and sing for the army. The king laughed heartily and the pen gave his son a good name.
This poem is also a strong evidence of the previous conclusion.
Professor Shen of Jilin University put it well: when time has sealed up the original clear answer, any textual research and the results of textual research will be laughed at by the old man of time. But through thousands of years of dust, future generations will definitely draw some conclusions through the analysis of documents and relics. After repeated argumentation and deliberation, this conclusion will inevitably be closer to the truth of history.
History is an objective existence independent of people's subjective will. It will not disappear because of the vicissitudes of time, nor will it mutate because of people's arbitrary fabrication. Zhang Guan Dai Li compared a deer to a horse, and it was far-fetched. The result could only be blasphemy against history and self-deception. Respect for history is the minimum quality that a textual researcher should possess. Without this, you will never get the correct conclusion.
Righteousness will pass on the true history to future generations, and dare not falsify future generations.
This is the most basic principle that I have always adhered to in studying Du Fu's tomb and Du Fu's hometown.
March 26th, 20th12nd, Yukang Branch