Question 1: What are the four most basic types of bridges? The four major types of bridges include pontoon bridges, beam bridges, cable bridges and arch bridges, which are distinguished according to the different structures of the bridges.
Question 2: What types of bridges are included? 1. According to their uses, they are divided into highway bridges, road-rail bridges, pedestrian bridges, tractor bridges, and water bridges.
2. According to the span size and the total length of multiple spans, they are divided into small bridges, medium bridges, large bridges and extra-large bridges.
3. According to the structure, they are divided into beam bridges, arch bridges, steel bridges, cable load-bearing bridges (cable-stayed bridges and suspension bridges), and combined system bridges.
4. According to the location of the traffic lane, they are divided into Upper-bearing bridge, middle-bearing bridge, lower-bearing bridge
5. According to the service life, it can be divided into permanent bridge, semi-permanent bridge and temporary bridge
6. According to the material Types are divided into wooden bridges, masonry bridges, reinforced concrete bridges, prestressed bridges, and steel bridges
Bridge classification Porous span total length L (meters) Single hole span L0 (meters)
Extra large bridge Lgt; 1000 L0gt; 150
Large bridge 100≤L≤1000 40≤L0≤150
Medium bridge 30 Question 3: What are the classifications and construction scope of bridge foundations? Bridge foundations are divided into: rigid foundations, pile foundations, pipe columns, caissons, underground diaphragm walls, etc. Pile foundations include sunken piles and cast-in-place piles. (1) Bored cast-in-place piles are suitable for various types of soil layers such as clay, sand, gravel, gravel, and rocks; (2) Bored cast-in-place piles are suitable for dense soil layers or weathered soils with no or a small amount of ground water. rock formations. (3) Pipe columns can be applied to various soil bases, especially in natural conditions such as deep water, uneven rock surfaces, no covering layer or thick covering layer, and it can be used when it is not suitable to build other types of foundations. (4) Caissons are suitable for bases of various soil types. They can be used when it is not suitable to build other types of foundations under natural conditions such as deep water, no covering layer or thick covering layer. (5) Underground continuous walls are suitable for use as underground retaining walls, water retaining cofferdams, bridge foundations that bear vertical and lateral loads, underground structures with large plane sizes or complex shapes, and are suitable for removing karst and underground pressure. Construction in other types of soil layers at high water levels.
Question 4: What are the classifications of bridges? According to the purpose, they are divided into highway bridges, road-rail bridges, pedestrian bridges, tractor bridges and water bridges.
According to the span size and the total length of multiple spans, they are divided into small bridges, medium bridges, large bridges and extra large bridges.
According to the structure, it is divided into four basic systems: beam bridge, arch bridge, steel bridge and cable load-bearing bridge (cable-stayed bridge and suspension bridge). In addition, there are combined system bridges which are divided into top-supporting bridges according to the position of the traffic lane. , center-bearing bridge, bottom-bearing bridge
According to the service life, it can be divided into permanent bridge, semi-permanent bridge and temporary bridge
According to the material type, it can be divided into wooden bridge and masonry bridge. Bridges, reinforced concrete bridges, prestressed bridges, steel bridges
Bridge classification Porous span total length L (meters) Single hole span L0 (meters)
Extra large bridge Lgt; 1000 L0gt ;150 Large bridge 100≤L≤1000 40≤L0≤150 Middle bridge 30 Question 5: What are the foundation forms of bridges? The foundations of bridges mainly include: expanded foundation of natural foundation, drilled (digging) hole pile foundation, caisson foundation, underground Continuous wall foundation, etc.
Question 6: What are the commonly used foundation forms in bridge construction? Bored cast-in-place piles and prefabricated steel pipe piles are quite common, and caissons are also useful.
Question 7: Which bridge foundation forms are most widely used? The main and most widely used type is bored piles, not only in the field of bridges, but also in housing construction.
Bridges also have expanded foundations, prefabricated pipe piles, steel pipe piles and other foundation forms.
The specific distinction must be made based on the address conditions, bridge structure form, etc.
Question 8: What types of bridges are there? Classification of bridges:
According to the main materials
Wood, stone, brick, bamboo, rattan, iron, salt, ice
Single-plank bridge
The single-plank bridge is the earliest form of bridge. The bridges in my country before the Qin and Han Dynasties were almost all wooden bridges. Such as the earliest single-plank bridges and wooden pillar-beam bridges.
Stone and brick bridges. Generally refers to a bridge whose deck structure is made of stone or bricks. Bridges made of pure bricks are extremely rare, and are usually made of bricks
mixed with wood or masonry, while stone bridges are more common. .
Bamboo bridge and rattan bridge. Mainly found in the south, especially in the southwest. Generally it is only used on narrow rivers or as temporary crossings.
Salt Bridge and Ice Bridge. Mainly found in special natural environments. The former is mainly found in the Qinghai Salt Lake area, and the latter is mainly found in the cold northern areas.
According to appearance
There are four basic types of beam bridges, pontoon bridges, cable bridges and arch bridges.
Beam bridge:
Also known as flat bridge and span-span girder bridge, it is a bridge with piers as horizontal distance supports, and then the beams are erected and the bridge deck is flat. This is the most commonly used type of bridge, and it appeared earlier than other bridge types in history. It comes in the form of wood, stone or a mixture of wood and stone.
Floating bridge:
Also known as pontoon bridge, pontoon bridge, and floating truss. Because it is easy to erect and is often used for military purposes, it is also called "battle bridge" - a kind of It is a bridge made up of hundreds of wooden boats (also connected by rafts or bamboo rafts across the water) linked together on the water, with planks laid on the boats for people and horses to pass. If a bridge in the strict sense is marked by a span and piers, then it is not a bridge in the full sense.
Cable bridge:
Also known as suspension bridge, rope bridge, suspension bridge, etc., it is a bridge suspended by bamboo ropes, rattan ropes, iron ropes, etc. as the backbone. They are mostly built on steep banks and dangerous valleys where the water flow is fast and it is difficult to build bridge piers. They are mainly found in the southwest region.
Arch bridge:
It appeared relatively late in the history of bridges in my country, but once the arch bridge structure was adopted, it developed rapidly and became the most vital bridge type among ancient bridges. Even today , it also still has broad prospects for continued development. Arch bridges can be divided into stone arches, brick arches and wooden arches. Among them, brick arch bridges are extremely rare and are only occasionally used in temples or gardens.
Other shapes:
Flying pavilion and plank road, channel bridge and towpath bridge, as well as curved bridge, fish pond flying beam and Fengshui bridge.
"Flying Pavilion" is also called Pavilion Road or Fudao, which is an overpass. Cross passages between pavilions in ancient palaces. "Sanfu Huangtu": "On the west side of the palace (referring to the Weiyang Palace of the Han Dynasty), a flying pavilion was built across the city to connect to the Zhang Palace, and a chariot road was constructed to go up and down." The palaces of the Qin and Han Dynasties were connected by pavilion roads, because there were roads up and down. , so it is called Fudao. Qin Shihuang's Pavilion Road leads from Epang Palace to Lishan Mountain, with a pedestrian bridge and a vehicular bridge under it. It can be called the earliest overpass in China. "Plank Road", also known as Zhange, Qiaoge, is a single-arm wooden beam bridge. In steep areas of the mountainous areas, there are wooden roads.
"Channel Bridge" is both a water diversion channel and a bridge for pedestrians. That is to say, a ditch was built on the bridge to divert water. For example, the Huiyuan Bridge in Hongdong County, Shanxi was built in the Jin Dynasty. Therefore, there is still a slang term among Shanxi people: "bridge on water, water on bridge". "Towpath Bridge" is a long ribbon-shaped bridge parallel to the river built to facilitate fiber pulling. It is more common in canal areas in Zhejiang. Some are one to two kilometers or even five or six kilometers long. For example, there is a "hundred-hole Guantang" towpath bridge in Ruanshe, Shaoxing. It was built during the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty. The bridge is more than 380 meters long and has 115 spans. The bridge deck is made of three strips. It is made of stones, with a flat bottom connected to the water.
"Curved bridge" is a unique bridge style in gardens, so it is also called garden bridge. Bridges, paths, and corridors are all passages for visitors to enjoy the scenery in the garden. "Scenery is better than a curve." Therefore, bridges in gardens are often made with folded corners, such as the Jiuqu Bridge, to form a folded line that swings back and forth and looks left and right, thereby extending the scenery and enlarging the landscape.
Curved bridges are generally composed of stone slabs and railings. The stone slabs are slightly higher than the water surface and the railings are low, making the bridge seem to be separated from the water surface and the space seems to be separated but not separated. It has a particularly implicit and endless meaning.
A bridge is an elevated man-made channel. It consists of three parts: upper structure, lower structure and foundation. The upper structure includes the bridge body and the bridge deck; the lower structure includes the bridge piers and abutments; the foundation consists of open excavation foundation, pile foundation, caisson foundation, caisson foundation, pipe column foundation and cap platform.