1. Small-scale agriculture: Rice production in monsoon paddy fields is mainly based on households. Due to the shortage of cultivated land per capita, every household has little cultivated land. The paddy field cultivated by every household in southern China is generally less than 1 hectare;
2. High yield per unit area: Small farmers intensively cultivate in the fields, which makes the yield per unit area of rice higher. However, due to the small scale of production, the total output of rice per household is not large;
3. Low commodity rate: Restricted by traditional ideas and economic level, farmers keep a considerable part of the harvested rice for their own use, so the rice sent to the market for sale is very limited;
4. The level of mechanization and science and technology is relatively low: farmers generally engage in manual labor. Although the mechanization of electric irrigation threshing has developed rapidly in recent twenty years, and the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has gradually increased, on the whole, the mechanization level and scientific and technological level of monsoon rice agriculture are still relatively low;
5. A large number of water conservancy projects: Irrigation is the basis of rice production. Frequent floods and droughts in monsoon region pose a great threat to rice production. Small-scale farmers are unable to build water conservancy projects, so they need a lot of government investment to organize water conservancy projects.