As for the more specific knowledge about Qing Dongling and Qing Xiling, I will continue to analyze as follows.
First, the tragic fate of the Qing Dongling
Located 30km northwest of zunhua city, Tangshan City, Hebei Province, Qingling Mausoleum is the largest existing royal mausoleum complex in Qing Dynasty and even in China. The construction of the Qing Mausoleum began in 166 1 (18th year of Shunzhi) and lasted for 247 years, with 2 * * * palaces and 5 cemeteries.
The head of the Qing Dongling 12.5km, 20km wide, has 15 empresses, 136 concubines, 3 elder brothers and 2 princesses, including five emperors Shunzhi, Kangxi, Qianlong, Xianfeng and Tongzhi.
Emperor Qianlong and Empress Dowager Cixi were two particularly extravagant people in Qing Dynasty. They spent a lot of money before they died, and they also had high requirements for their tombs after they died. For example, before the death of Empress Dowager Cixi, they spent tens of millions of dollars to build their own Ding Dong Mausoleum in twenty years. After their death, countless gold, silver and jewels and all kinds of priceless treasures were taken with them.
It is precisely because of people's understanding of Cixi and Qianlong that they go to rob tombs and want to make a fortune. The first one was Sun Dianying, a warlord who went to visit the tomb of the Eastern Qing Dynasty in 1928. In the name of raising military expenses, he went to the Dongling Mausoleum in the Qing Dynasty, and opened the Yuling Mausoleum in Qianlong and the Ding Dong Mausoleum in Cixi. The gold and silver in it were almost looted, the coffin of Qianlong was opened and the bones were thrown everywhere.
However, the tomb raiding did not capture the Jingling of Kangxi, because they gained a lot from Qianlong and Cixi. The Jingling of Kangxi could not be opened at that time, so Sun Dianying left in a hurry. Of course, this grave robbery made Sun Dianying make a windfall, but it also angered people from all walks of life. Various newspapers and media accused Sun Dianying of his shameful behavior. Under the pressure of public opinion, Sun Dianying did not continue to dig the Jingling and Qingxi tombs of Kangxi.
Due to the long-term war, the tombs of Qing Dongling and Qing Xiling have been ignored. 1945, Zhang specially visited the Qing Dongling with Wang and others, not only ransacked the Yuling Mausoleum of Qianlong and the Mausoleum of Cixi again, but also blasted the Jingling Mausoleum of Kangxi with explosives, and finally left without closing the door.
This robbery, except the Xiaoling Mausoleum in Shunzhi, all the other 13 mausoleums were looted, which can be said to be terrible. After the grave robbery, it took some years for the state to pay attention to it and set up the Qing Dongling Cultural Relics Protection Institute to protect the Qing Dongling.
Later, the Yuling in Qianlong was cleaned up and opened to tourists, but the water in Yuling was very serious, and it had to be pumped every rainy season. Kangxi Jingling, which corresponds to Yuling, has never been cleaned up. Although staff were sent to check it at that time, there was too much water in it, most of which was yellow liquid and could not be cleaned. In the end, it has not been cleaned up and opened to remain the same.
Second, the Qing tombs.
Qing Xiling Mausoleum is located at the foot of Yongning Mountain 15km west of Lianggezhuang, Yixian County, Baoding City, Hebei Province. It was founded in the eighth year of Yongzheng (1730) and in chongling in the fourth year of the Republic of China (19 15). After 186, * * was completed.
The scale of Qing Xiling Mausoleum is not as big as that of Qing Dongling Mausoleum. Up to now, except chongling in Guangxu period, it is well preserved. Why can the Qing Xiling be preserved so well? I think there are three main reasons.
1, Yongzheng site selection is good.
We can see why Yongzheng didn't go to the Qing Dongling at that time, but chose his own site to be the Qing Xiling. In the fourth year of Yongzheng (1726), Yongzheng asked his younger brother Yun Xiang to help him choose a good place. Yongzheng should have been buried in the Qing Dongling, but he thought:
Although the scale is very large, the shape is not complete, and the soil in the cave is filled with sand and stone, it is really unusable.
After several years of site selection, the final address was Yongning Mountain in yi county in the eighth year of Yongzheng. At that time, the site selection person told Yongzheng:
The land where Gankun meets Xiuxiu, the land where Yin and Yang meet, the sand and water in Longdong, and everything is beautiful. The situation is reasonable. Everything is ready.
Yongzheng listened very happy, hurriedly reply:
The landscape law is detailed and clear, which is a blessed land.
At that time, Yun Xiang was assigned by Yongzheng to the land of China and Kyrgyzstan about 60 miles away from this address, but Yun Xiang dared not accept it, and finally chose a place in a village hundreds of miles away.
From the whole site selection process, we can see the geographical advantages of Qing Xiling, with high location and good soil quality. Compared with the low-lying and loose soil of the Qing Dongling, the benefits of the Qing Xiling are obvious. One is that the soil is loose and not easy to collapse, and the other is that the terrain is high and it is not easy to enter the water.
Yongzheng's choice, from the later facts, is indeed true. At present, the water in the Qing Dongling is serious. Earlier, it was also reported that the water in Qianlong Yuling and Kangxi Jingling was relatively deep, which led to the need for a lot of money to clean up the water. The water in Jingling is even two or three meters deep and cannot be cleaned up at all.
Moreover, the soil quality of the Qing Dongling Mausoleum is so poor that it often collapses, causing a lot of unnecessary losses, while the Qing Xiling Mausoleum does not have these problems and is relatively well preserved.
Yongzheng kept a low profile.
Compared with Qianlong and Cixi, Yongzheng was completely too low-key. Ganlong and Cixi often show off their wealth. Everyone knows that they are rich, and there must be a lot of treasures in their tombs, so for grave robbers, such fat is of course the first choice.
We will find that whether it is Sun Dianying's tomb robbery in 1928 or Zhang's tomb robbery in 1945, the first choice is Qing Dongling, because everyone knows that Qing Dongling has money and can get more, so few people will go to Qing Xiling when Qing Dongling exists.
3, too late to start
After two robberies, the Qing Dongling has no wealth, and grave robbers still reach out to the Qing Xiling. For example, chongling in Guangxu was stolen by unknown grave robbers. At that time, the gang tried to attack the Tailing Mausoleum in Yongzheng, but they stopped as soon as they moved. Later, the state paid attention to it and some people guarded it. Grave robbers never had a chance to attack the Qing Xiling again.
Maybe someone will ask why the tomb of Qing Xiling was not cleaned and opened. In fact, the reason is very simple. At present, the technology can't reach that level, so we can only follow the protection principle of not actively developing the Mausoleum and protect it. Isn't it the greatest gentleness not to disturb it?