A few days ago, at the invitation of my good friend, I went to Zunhua, Tangshan to visit the Qing tombs. The three names "Kangxi, Qianlong and Cixi" have appeared in books and various film and television dramas since childhood. They all influenced the course of China's modern history in their own ways. Considering the social productivity of the Qing court, the land of Yongji of the Manchu emperor may be the most luxurious among all the descendants of the Yellow Emperor except the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor.
I had been to the Ming Tombs before I left, and I didn't have much expectation for the Qing Tombs, so I didn't do any homework in advance. But it turns out that I was completely wrong. Dongling in the Qing Dynasty was even worse than the Ming Tombs. Does Long Mai's Feng Shui really show its spirit? Those imperial tombs have an invisible magic that attracts me, making me gradually approach in the red walls and green tiles and see through the charm of that period of history.
I don't know if it's because there have been more grave robbers in recent years. I think the most attractive place of the mausoleum is the underground palace. The ground buildings in the mausoleum are all the same, but each underground palace is different. The Qing Dongling * * opened four underground palaces, namely the Yuling Underground Palace of Emperor Qianlong, the Chunhui Underground Palace and the Rongfei Underground Palace in the Yuling Underground Palace, and the Ding Dong Underground Palace of Empress Dowager Cixi. What is obviously different from the underground palace of the Ming Tombs is that the underground palace of the Qing Tombs is generally dug shallowly without so many twists and turns. Visitors can see the coffin of Empress Dowager Cixi in a few steps at the entrance to the underground palace. No wonder Dongling was stolen to pieces.
The widely circulated film and television drama "The Thief of Dongling" made the tomb of Cixi in Putuo Island looted by Sun Dianying become the biggest "stunt" of Dongling in Qing Dynasty. The hall of Cixi was filled with treasures and paintings of Cixi before her death, leaving only a mottled coffin in the looted underground palace. Cixi Gui is the highest authority in the late Qing Dynasty for more than 50 years and one of the most blessed women in the history of 5,000 years. Although she didn't win fame before and after her death, she enjoyed all the splendor. Many people scoff at people like Cixi, but many people ignore that she is the "only man" in the late Qing Dynasty. In my opinion, no politician is perfect unless he is in his own position. Although the monument of Shengde is just a praise, isn't the place where he lost his virtue also an act of God's punishment, such as robbing a tomb?
The most interesting thing about the Qing Dongling is the Yuling underground palace during the Qianlong period, which is also the only open mausoleum underground palace in the Qing Dongling. The underground palace consists of nine coupons and four doors, and it is buried with Emperor Qianlong, his two empresses and three concubines. From Shimen to the main hall, the underground palace is covered with religious patterns such as bodhisattvas, lotus flowers, utensils and fangs. All the sculptures are exquisite and lifelike, including 46 Buddha statues, 8 bodhisattvas, 4 heavenly kings, 2 stupas, 3 sets of teeth, 2 sets of five desires, and Tibetan and Sanskrit * * * 30165438+. It is worth mentioning that no one can understand those words so far.
At all times and in all countries, there are countless emperors, but few can remain immortal like stars. Emperor, empress, elder brother and concubine *** 16 1 were buried in the whole Qing Dongling, but only Emperor Kangxi made great contributions and was admired by later generations. Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Taizong were also recognized by historian Yan Chongnian as the only two emperors in the history of China. There are no exaggerated cultural relics such as the Empress Dowager Cixi Mausoleum and the Qianlong Mausoleum in Jingling Jionji, only the portrait of Emperor Kangxi's royal robe in the main hall when he was young, and the "extensive map of Qing Dynasty" on the western wall symbolizes his outstanding achievements in civil affairs and martial arts.
The Wide Map of Yuling Hoonji in Qing Dynasty.
To my slight disappointment, all the regulations of Dongling in the Qing Dynasty were basically built after the Ming Tombs. Shinto, Stone Archway, Dahongmen, Ma Xia Monument, Shengde Monument Pavilion, Huabiao, Stone Statue, Arch Bridge, Huanxingmen, Tuontang, Fifteenth Palace, Fangcheng Minglou, Baocheng Baoding, etc. are very similar in regulation and modeling, and the only obvious difference lies in the underground palace. This is because the underground palace cannot be imitated. It is said that when Emperor Qianlong was building the Yuling Temple, he ordered someone to steal the Jin Sinan wooden pillar of Emperor Jiajing's Yongling, which reminds me of the behavior of directly carrying a bag in the Forbidden City after Shunzhi entered the customs, which is quite ridiculous.
Throughout the Qing Mausoleum, the emperor shunzhi, as the first emperor with preconceived ideas, made the greatest natural regulation on the Mausoleum, but made the least contribution. In contrast, Judy, the owner of the Ming Tombs' Changling, is just the opposite. In addition, Qianlong was overjoyed and Cixi was extravagant, which can be seen from the materials and funerary objects in their respective tombs.
The most important reason why the Qing Dynasty lasted for 276 years was that Emperor Kangxi had made efforts in the integration of Manchu and Han for more than half a century, which laid a ruling foundation for later generations. However, the Manchu Dynasty was still a dynasty seriously lacking in vision, pattern, cultural self-confidence and ideological innovation. The Qing dynasty, which was in the same time and space as the industrial revolution and the rapid development of capitalism in western countries, always implemented the ostrich policy of "closing the country to the outside world". After Qianlong, diplomacy was even more spineless, and the number of times of ceding land for peace was amazing. There is no significant invention contribution in science and technology. Almost all the great inventions after the two industrial revolutions in the same era were created by western countries.
When we dragged our tired bodies away from the Qingling Mausoleum, looking at the endless Changrui Mountain in the twilight, the place where the most important ruler of the Manchu Dynasty was buried, we couldn't help but feel a lot of waves. Emperor Tongzhi, who died at the age of 19, and Emperor Kangxi, who died at the age of 69, made very different contributions to the reign, but the Emperor Tongzhi enjoyed the same tomb as Emperor Kangxi. The emperor's family is still so, why lament the injustice of fate.
The ancients paid attention to "death is like life". A hundred years of dreams, countless sacrifices and funerals, what a beautiful scene. The emperors never imagined that their land was plundered by Sun Dianying gunpowder for ten thousand years and even beheaded. The solemn Temple of Grace is trampled by countless people who buy tickets every day, the underground palace is crowded with tourists, and the coffin is stared at by thousands of people. There are no more golden incense offerings on the Stone Five Sacrifice, and there is no lingering light smoke in the silk burning furnace. In contrast, it is easier to find peace after death in the graves of ordinary people!
"Look at him starting from Zhulou, watching him entertain guests and watching his building collapse." China society has experienced 24 dynasties, and each dynasty is like the Manchu Dynasty and the white clouds are pale dogs, from prosperity to decline. All fame and fortune will eventually return to the dust, and another Jianghu story above the dust will always be staged in due course.
Open-close, open-close, open-close, open-close, open-close, open-close, open-close, open-close, open-close, open-close, open-close, open-close, open-close, open-close, open-close. Although time keeps moving forward, everything is just running back and forth, marking time. Therefore, this way of separation, combination and separation actually contains all the secrets of China's historical development. This is the beauty of China's history and the bitterness of China's history.
Gan Long (104) underground palace (20) is (1 17).