General situation of Wuzhen
Wuzhen is located in Tongxiang City, the northern plain of Zhejiang Province. It takes more than an hour by car to take the expressway from Hangzhou. The flat terrain, dense rivers and scattered ripples here make Wuzhen have a strong water town feature, giving people an elegant but unobtrusive, fresh and uncomplicated natural beauty.
Although Wuzhen has experienced more than 2,000 years of vicissitudes, it still completely retains the original style and pattern of the ancient water town. The whole town is connected by the river and Qiaojie, and the houses are built by the river. The house is deep, with high ridges and high eaves. Langfang is a river port, with arcades crossing the street, bamboo and stone fences and Shuige by the river. Antique, integrated with water and town, presents a quaint, clean and quiet school style. It is a typical "small bridge and flowing water family" in Jiangnan.
First, Wuzhen model
In Wuzhen, the river network overlaps with the main road, bridges into roads, and ships run in flowing water, making it in the form of roads and water. This water network system connects the ponds and wells of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal, Taihu Lake and Wuzhen, and ideally solves the water problems such as farming, drinking water, drainage, viewing and transportation.
In the layout of Wuzhen, because it once spanned two provinces (Zhejiang and Jiangsu), three states (Jiaxing, Huzhou and Suzhou) and seven counties (Wucheng, Gui 'an, Chongde, Tongxiang, Xiushui, Wujiang and Zhenze) in history, and the accumulation and precipitation of Wuyue culture, it was obviously influenced by China traditional Confucian culture and canal commercial culture in concept. Confucian culture often rejects the popular geomantic omen theory in architecture, so it is rare to see inclined doors on the left, shadow walls avoiding rushing, or symbolic towns such as "Taishan Shi Gandang" placed in the road, but various houses with distinct axes and simple order.
In addition, I also visited the commercial buildings such as Luge Teahouse, the workshop where senior engineers were born and rotten, and Hongyuantai Dyeing House. Huiyuan Pawnshop is located in Changfeng Street, with a dark word "dang", the counter is 1.8 meters high, and it has a strong commercial atmosphere. This is also a very different place from other ancient towns in Jiangnan.
Second, Shui Ge, like many water towns in the south of the Yangtze River, has streets and houses built near the stream, so-called "people do their best to pillow the river".
Wuzhen is unique in that some houses along the river extend to the river surface, the bottom of which is hit on the riverbed with wooden stakes or columns, and the beams are put on the shelves, which is called "Shui Ge", which is a unique feature of Wuzhen. Shui Ge is a real "pillow river" with windows on three sides, from which you can see the scenery of the city river. Mao Dun once described Shui Ge in his hometown in "Mountains and Rivers": "Ah ... there is a river outside the back door. Standing at the back door (that's Shui Ge's door), you can draw water with a bucket. When you wake up in the middle of the night, you can hear the sound of rushing water and float past ..."
Legend has it that Shui Ge was built by a resourceful tofu man who broke the rules. However, with the passage of time, a lot of history has vanished. Only this architectural form, which combines the practicality and enjoyment of life, can be preserved and continued because of people's love. In a sense, Shui Ge is the aura of Wuzhen, although it is not luxurious, and it is difficult to compare with high-rise buildings. With Shui Ge, Wuzhen people are closer to water; With Shui Ge, Wuzhen's style is more charming; With Shui Ge, Wuzhen's temperament is more elegant; With Shui Ge, the history of Wuzhen has added a euphemism. Shui Ge is the originality and charm of Wuzhen.
The clear water winds, the small bridge flows, and the sound of water unfolds slowly in front of us like a picture of Shui Ge. Watching people from water towns live and work in Shui Ge, and listening to people from ancient towns calling one after another. Shui Ge in Wuzhen is loved by more and more people for its unique charm.
Third, small bridges and flowing water.
Bridge is an indispensable factor in the ancient town of Jiangnan water town. It is said that there are more than 120 bridges in Wuzhen history, which is really "one bridge takes a hundred steps", and there are more than 30 existing bridges.
Among them, there are Tongji Bridge and Renji Bridge in Tashi, Yingjia Bridge, Taiping Bridge, Renshou Bridge, Yong 'an Bridge and Fengyuan Double Bridge in Zhong Shi and Dongzha. South Gate has Fuxing Bridge and Fulan Bridge; There are Tiyun Bridge and Li Ji Bridge in Beizha.
These bridges were first built in the Southern Song Dynasty, and most of them were built or rebuilt in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Some are also engraved with bridges, such as Tongji Bridge: "In the cold trees and smoke, the old place of the Six Dynasties is exhausted; Outside the sunset sail, there are several distant mountains in Xing Wu. " (facing south) "Tongyunmen opens tens of thousands of miles in the waters of western Zhejiang; The title bridge people look at Yanjing three thousand miles north. " (facing north) has a strong historical and cultural atmosphere.
Fourth, Shiban Hutong
Walking into Wuzhen, walking on the narrow streets paved with bluestone slabs, and seeing all kinds of houses on both sides, and villagers still living in houses, people will have a kind and natural feeling. Wuzhen, as a historical ancient town, both the whole town and Guanqian Street reflect the overall beauty of harmonious coexistence of human environment and natural environment. Walking into this ancient town full of agricultural culture and strolling on the stone street stretching for more than a mile, you can hear the echo of footsteps in another alley.
There is a "stone bank" along the water street, some of which may be decorative. For example, I have seen a bottle with three halberds engraved on it, which means "level 1 to level 3". It's used to tie boats.
Five, Mao Dun's former residence and other ancient buildings
Wuzhen is famous for Mao Dun, whose former residence is located at the junction of Guanqian Street and Xinhua Road in Wuzhen. National key cultural relics protection units.
Mao Dun's former residence is a typical water town building in the south of the Yangtze River, which looks dignified, simple and elegant. Separated from the former residence by a wall is Mao Dun's determined academy for studying in his childhood. Yunlou, the main building of the academy, was once the classroom where Mao Dun studied.
The former residence was bought by Mao Dun's great-grandfather Shen Huan when he was doing business in Hankou in the 11th year of Guangxu (1885). From Shen Huan to Mao Dun, four generations live under one roof. The whole former residence faces south, which is a common residential building in the south of the Yangtze River, with brick and wood structure. Its main body is a two-story building with four bays and two depths, with rooms 16 and an area of 414.25m2.. In addition, there is a small garden behind the building with three bungalows, with an area of nearly 100 square meter. Because the east and west units of this building were purchased successively, the east unit is called "old house" and the west unit is called "new house". The two units have the same appearance, and there are two entrances. The doors and roads connect the upstairs and downstairs and are integrated. The four rooms in the front building face the street. From east to west, the first room on the ground floor is the gate and passage, and the second room is the family school, where Shen Shi's children went to school. The third and fourth rooms are combined into a big room, which is the dining hall for the whole family. The first room upstairs in the east is Grandpa Mao Dun's bedroom, and the second room is his parents' bedroom. Mao Dun and his brother Shen Zemin were born in this room. The third and fourth rooms used to be the bedrooms of Mao Dun's two great-uncles. From the ground floor of the front building through the patio or from the upstairs through the passage to the back building. There are four living rooms on the ground floor of the back building, a kitchen, an aisle connecting the front and back, and a living room for the whole family. There are four bedrooms upstairs, starting from the east, which are aunt Mao Dun's bedroom, maid's bedroom and Mao Dun's great-grandparents' bedroom. The above-mentioned houses still maintain the regulations of 100 years ago. Behind Jinlianglou is a garden of about half an acre of land. Mao Dun's great-grandfather once built three bungalows here and accumulated sundry goods for many years. In the summer of the 22nd year of the Republic of China (1933), Mao Dun personally presided over the renovation of three large rooms, with a storage room in the east, a bedroom and a small living room in the middle, and a study and a reception room in the west. In the following years, Mao Dun lived here several times, writing and reading, and used it as a meeting place. After the reconstruction, Mao Dun's former residence still takes the easternmost room downstairs as the gate, and the plaque of Mao Dun's former residence inscribed by Chen Yun hangs high. The passage in the gate was transformed into the preface hall of the showroom, where the bronze statue of Mao Dun was placed. The objects in the front, back, up and down four rooms are arranged according to the pattern of that year, and many furniture are old things of that year. Upstairs, Mao Dun's parents' bedroom is simply furnished, with a Zhang Ning-style carved big bed, a small bed next to it, a wardrobe and several stacks of suitcases, and Four Treasures of the Study on the desk by the window. Born and raised here, Mao Dun received his mother's enlightenment education and spent his youth. There are some tables and chairs in the room that used to be a home school downstairs in the west. When Mao Dun was a child, he studied here with several cousins and studied under his grandfather Shen Sipei. There are three bungalows in the back garden, and there is a corridor in the south. On the wall, there is a plaque inscribed by Ye Shengtao, "Former Residence of Mao Dun". This bungalow, which was transformed in 1930s, has a ceiling and a floor. Both the north and south walls are equipped with western-style long glass windows, which are bright and clean, and the environment is quiet. A large room in the east faces south. The first half is the corridor leading to the middle room, and the second half is the storage room. The front half of the living room in the middle room is separated from the back half of the bedroom by long Chinese windows. There is a copper bed, tables and chairs in the bedroom. On the west is a large bookcase designed by Mao Dun himself, which is divided into two rooms. Outside the living room, there is a sofa that Mao Dun shipped from Shanghai that year. The back room is the study, and there is a big desk made of Mao Dun under the north window. In the autumn of the 24th year of the Republic of China (1935), Mao Dun finished his novella "Polyhedral Relations" here. Many flowers and trees are planted in the open space outside the apartment. In the autumn of the 23rd year of the Republic of China, Mao Dun planted a palm tree and a bunch of bamboo here. Today, the branches of palm trees are more than seven meters high than the courtyard wall, and bamboo is lush and leafy.
Building 502, Zhaxi West Street, was built in Guangxu period. 1929 was destroyed by a neighboring fire, and the existing Zhujiating Hall. This hall is also paved with square bricks, so it is called "going to the hall", which is extremely rare in the halls and houses in the south of the Yangtze River. The front of the two halls is a row of floor-to-ceiling windows, carved with a full set of Yue Biography and flower patterns. On the sparrow replacement at the beam-column connection under the eaves of the building, there are three figures and stories of the Three Kingdoms, such as "Three Visits to the Cottage" and "Empty City Plan", which are beautifully carved and lifelike.
Zhangjiating Guild Hall at Changfeng Street 14, Nanzha, although not completely restored, has brick carved figures and flowers, brick plaques of "descendants of Changyi" and six stair doors engraved with traditional paintings and calligraphy. In addition, there are several Jiangnan Hundred Beds Museum and Jiangnan Woodcarving Museum, which introduce some nondescript works, but I think Wuzhen is flawed.
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