There are 12 ***, namely Xiaoling, Jingling, Yuling, Dingling, Huiling, Tailing, Changling, Muling, Chongling, Yongling, _ling and Zhao Mausoleum.
1. Xiaoling Mausoleum
The Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty is the main building of the Eastern Tomb of the Qing Dynasty. Located under the main peak of Changrui Mountain, is the tomb of Emperor Shunzhi, the founder of the Qing Dynasty, the Empress Dong E (Concubine Dong E) of Xiaoxian, the Empress Tong Jia (Concubine Dong E) of Xiaokang Zhang, and the original Queen Shunzhi (Concubine Jing) Bo_Jijite.
In front of the cemetery stands a stone archway, all made of white marble. It is embossed with "Yunlong Playing with Pearls", "Double Lions Rolling Ball" and various rotors with large golden painted decorations. The knife skills are exquisite and the momentum is majestic. It has become the most representative work of stone carving art in the Qing Dynasty.
Close to the stone archway is the Dahongmen. The Dahongmen is the gateway to the Xiaoling Tomb and the entire Eastern Tomb of the Qing Dynasty. The red walls are solemn and elegant with its graceful figures. There is a stone tablet in front of the door that says "Officials will dismount here."
2. Jingling Mausoleum
Jingling Mausoleum is the mausoleum of Aixinjueluo Xuanye (Emperor Kangxi), the holy ancestor of the Qing Dynasty. It is located in Xiaoshan, Changrui Mountain, 70 miles northwest of Zunhua Prefecture. It is about two miles east and south of Dongling.
The construction started on February 10th in the 15th year of Kangxi (1676) and was completed in February of the 20th year of Kangxi (1681). Emperor Kangxi pioneered the practice of burying the queen first and leaving the underground palace door open to wait for the emperor.
On the 8th day of March in the 20th year of Kangxi, Queen Renxiao and Queen Xiaozhao were sent to the Jingling underground palace together; on October 20th, the 28th year of Kangxi, Queen Xiaoyi was sent to the underground palace together; in the 61st year of Kangxi ( On November 13, 1722), Emperor Kangxi passed away. On the first day of September, the first year of Yongzheng (1723), he was placed in the underground palace of Jingling and closed.
Volume 42 of "The Qing Dynasty Huidian": Jingling is located in Changrui Mountain, east of Xiaodong Tomb. Empress Renxiao was buried together, Empress Xiaozhao, Empress Xiaoyi, and Empress Xiaogong were buried together, and Imperial Concubine Jingmin (in the first year of Yongzheng's reign, Yongzheng posthumously named his mother Concubine Min as Imperial Concubine Huangkao and her posthumous title because of Yunxiang). Jingling Underground Palace.
3. Yuling
Yuling is the mausoleum of Emperor Qianlong. Qianlong himself, two queens and three imperial concubines are buried in the underground palace. Yuling Mingtang is spacious, grand in architecture, exquisite in workmanship and materials, and has extraordinary momentum.
From south to north are the Shengde Shengong Stele Pavilion, Five-hole Bridge, Stone Statue, Archway Gate, One-hole Bridge, Xiama Pai, Well Pavilion, Divine Kitchen Storehouse, East and West Chao Fang, Three Roads and Three Kongqiao and East-West Pingqiao.
The regulations include the East and West Banfang, Longen Hall, Three Roads and One Hole Bridge, Glazed Flower Gate, Two Pillar Gate, Five Offerings on the Altar, Square City, Minglou, Baocheng, Baoding and Underground Palace. It inherited the previous dynasty, but also expanded and innovated.
4. Dingling
Dingling is the mausoleum of Emperor Xianfeng Aixinjueluo Yi_. It is located in Ping'an Valley at the westernmost end of the Eastern Tombs of the Qing Dynasty. Its Shinto connects with the Xiaoling Shinto in the south of Qikong Bridge, and continues westward until it turns north on the east bank of the Xida River.
The first building is a five-hole flat bridge with 7 side railings on each side, followed by a culvert, a five-hole arch bridge, a pair of pillars, and stone statues (lion, elephant, horse, general). , Wenchen) ***Five pairs.
There is a soaring archway gate, a Shinto stele pavilion, a Shenchukuyuan on the west side, a three-way three-hole stone bridge on the north, a court room facing east and west of the bridge, and a duty room with a roll-roof roof facing east and west of the bridge. , the center is the Longen Gate, and the Longen Hall only has stone railings on the east and west sides of the south and east sides of the platform.
The main hall itself has no surrounding stone railings, and there are three gates at the back of the hall. The two-pillar gates of Dingling Mausoleum have been abolished, and the rest are the same as those of the ancestral mausoleum. In 1966, the West Chaofang and West Side Hall were demolished.
Dingling was built on April 13, the ninth year of Xianfeng (1859), and was completed in December, the fifth year of Tongzhi (1866). It took seven and a half years, with a net consumption of silver. As many as 3,134,547 taels.
5. Huiling
Huiling is the joint burial mausoleum of Emperor Mu Zong of the Qing Dynasty Aixinjueluo Zaichun (Emperor Tongzhi) and Queen Alute of Xiaozheyi. It is located in the southeast of Jingling. Three kilometers away in Shuangshan Valley, no mausoleum was built during Zaichun's thirteenth year (1862-1874).
After his death, in February of the first year of Guangxu (1875), the Qing government selected Shuangshanyu as an auspicious place for ten thousand years, and on February 23, the mausoleum was named Huiling.
From the start of construction on the third day of August in the first year of Guangxu to the completion in September of the fourth year of Guangxu (1875-1878), it lasted three years and one month, with a total consumption of 4359110.89 taels of silver. Prince Chun Yi_, the minister in charge of the study, Shi Kuiling, the censor of Zuodu, Ronglu, the minister of the Ministry of household affairs, Weng Tong_, the acting minister of the Ministry of Industry, etc.
6. Tailing Mausoleum
The Tailing Mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty is the tomb where Emperor Yongzheng and his queen are buried together. Located at the foot of Yongning Mountain, 15 kilometers away from Yixian County, with an altitude of 382 meters, it was first built in 1730 (the eighth year of Yongzheng reign), covering an area of ??8.47 hectares. Emperor Yongzheng, Empress Xiaojingxian, and Imperial Concubine Dunsu are buried inside.
The Tailing Mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty is the earliest, largest and most complete imperial mausoleum in the Western Qing Dynasty.
7. Changling Mausoleum
The Changling Mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty is the mausoleum of Emperor Jiaqing Aixinjueluoyan and Queen Xiao Shurui of the Xitarasi family. It is located to the west of the Tailing Tomb of the Western Tomb of the Qing Dynasty. Its Shinto is connected to the south of the Tailing Shengde Shengong Stele Pavilion, and it is the only imperial mausoleum connected to the main shrine of the Western Qing Tomb.
8. Muling
The Muling of the Qing Dynasty is the name of Emperor Daoguang Aixinjueluo Ning, Queen Xiaomucheng Niu Hulu, Queen Xiaoshencheng Tongjia, Xiao The mausoleum where Queen Quancheng and the Niu Hulu family are buried together is located in Longquan Valley, 15 kilometers southwest of the Changling Mausoleum of the Western Qing Dynasty.
Among the Eastern Tombs of the Qing Dynasty and the Western Tombs of the Qing Dynasty, the Muling Mausoleum has special regulations. It basically does not follow the ancestral mausoleum system and simplifies some of the original regulations of the Qing Dynasty imperial mausoleums. It is the largest among all imperial mausoleums in the Qing Dynasty. The smallest one has no square city or bright tower.
9. Chongling
Chongling is the joint burial mausoleum of Emperor Guangxu Aixinjue Luozai and Empress Xiao Dingjing (Empress Dowager Yulong) Yehenala. It is located in the mausoleum of the Western Qing Dynasty. To the northeast of the mausoleum is Jinlong Valley, which is about 4 kilometers away.
It is the last mausoleum among Chinese emperors. It was built in the first year of Xuantong (1909) and completed in the fourth year of the Republic of China (1915). It was stolen by a group of unidentified armed men in 1938.
The number and scale of buildings in Chongling are completely based on the Huiling of Emperor Tongzhi. The construction work is skillful, and there are rare podocarpus and silver pine among the ceremonial trees in the cemetery. Emperor Guangxu and Queen Longyu are buried together in the underground palace, and Concubine Jin and Concubine Zhen are buried in the Chongling Concubine Garden to the east.
10. Yongling Mausoleum
The Yongling Mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty is the ancestral mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty emperor. It is located at the foot of Qiyun Mountain in the northwest of Yongling Town, Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County, Liaoning Province. It is located in Hulan Hada (Manchuria). (Manchu, Chinese translation: Yantong Mountain), on the north bank of Su Kesuhu Bila (Manchu, Chinese translation: Osprey River, now called Suzi River).
The southern foot of Niyaman Hill (now called Qiyun Mountain). It is 22 kilometers away from the county seat in the east and 2 kilometers away from Yongling Town. It is about 5 kilometers away from Hetuala, the ancient city of Xingjing, in the southeast and about 3 kilometers away from Xia Yuan Palace in the west.
It was first built in the 26th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1598); it was called Xingjing Ling in the 8th year of Jin Tiancong (1634), and it was named Yongling in the 16th year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1659). From 1682 to 1829, Emperors Kangxi, Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang and other emperors came to Yongling in person nine times to worship their ancestors.
The Yongling Tomb of the Qing Dynasty has its own architectural and artistic features in terms of architectural form, layout, shape and craftsmanship. It was announced as a national key cultural relic protection unit in 1988, and was included in the World Cultural Heritage List in 2004.
11. _Ling
Fuling is located in Dongling Park in the eastern suburbs of Shenyang. It is the mausoleum of Nurhaci, the founder of the Qing Dynasty. Because it is located in the eastern suburbs of Shenyang, it is also called Dongling. It is one of the three tombs in Shengjing. In addition, Nurhaci’s concubines Yehenala, Ulanala and others are buried here.
In the third year of Tiancong's reign (1629), the mausoleum was built in the northeastern suburbs of Shengjing. In the same year, the tomb of Huang Taiji's biological mother, Yehenala, was moved here from Niaman Mountain in Tokyo.
When it was first built, it was only called "Xianhan Mausoleum" or "Taizu Mausoleum". In the first year of Chongde (1636), it was named "Fuling Mausoleum", which symbolizes the long-lasting good fortune of the Qing Dynasty. The mausoleum was basically completed in the eighth year of Shunzhi (1651), and later additions were made during the Kangxi and Qianlong years.
12. Zhaoling
Qing Zhaoling, the mausoleum of Emperor Taizong Huang Taiji, the second generation founding monarch of the Qing Dynasty, is located ten miles north of the ancient city of Shenyang (Shengjing), so it is also called "Northern China". Mausoleum". The cemetery covers an area of ??160,000 square meters.
The plan layout of the building follows the mausoleum principle of "facing the front and sleeping in the back". It is composed of three parts: front, middle and back from south to north. The main buildings are built on the central axis and are symmetrical on both sides. The arrangement is imitated from the imperial mausoleums of the Ming Dynasty and has the characteristics of Manchu mausoleums.
The Zhaoling Mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty is the mausoleum of Huang Taiji, Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty, and the Borjigit family of Xiaoduan Wen. In addition to the emperors and empresses, the Zhaoling Mausoleum also contains the concubines of Linzhi Palace and Shufei of Qing Palace. It is the most representative imperial mausoleum among the mausoleums outside the Guan Dynasty in the early Qing Dynasty. It is one of the most complete ancient imperial mausoleum buildings in China.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Imperial Tombs of the Qing Dynasty