China Western Han Palace. It is located about 3 kilometers northwest of Xi City, Shaanxi Province. Located in the southwest of Chang 'an, the capital of Han Dynasty. Because it is in the west of Changle Palace, it is called Xigong in Chinese. It was built on the basis of Qin Zhangtai in the seventh year of Emperor Gaozu (the first 200 years). After Hui Di ascended the throne, it became the main palace.
According to records, there are doors on all sides of Miyagi in Weiyang Palace, and there are Quelou outside the east and north gates, which are called East Que and North Que. The princes came to the DPRK and went in and out of Dongque; The gentry played in the North Que. In order to use the top of Longshou Mountain for infrastructure construction. There are Xuan Shi, Kirin, Jinhua, Chengming, Wutai, Hook Yi and other halls in the palace, with a total of 32 pavilions. The archaeological work of Weiyang Palace began at 1956. According to exploration, the palace is square in plane, with a circumference of more than 8 kilometers and an area of about 5 square kilometers, accounting for about 1/7 of the total area of Chang 'an City. Qian Dian is located in the center of the whole palace. Its rammed earth foundation is 350m long from north to south, 200m wide from east to west, and the highest point at the north end is15m. A number of palace ruins have been excavated in the north of Qian Dian, and tens of thousands of Oracle Bone Inscriptions engraved with words have been unearthed in one place, which may be the official offices of workers and officials or their subordinate offices. The excavation proved that Weiyang Palace was destroyed by the war in the late Western Han Dynasty.
The Forbidden City is rectangular in plane, 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meters wide from east to west, with a total area of 720,000 square meters. The whole Forbidden City is surrounded by a moat with a width of 52 meters, and the wall is 10 meter high, which can be described as "the height of the city and the width of the pool". Around the Forbidden City Tower, there is a beautiful tower called Nine Beams, Eighteen Columns and Seventy-two Ridges. There are four doors in the Forbidden City, with the north facing south. The south gate is the meridian gate, that is, the main gate, the north gate is the Shenwumen, the east gate is the Donghuamen, and the west gate is the Xihuamen.
The whole courtyard is divided into two parts, namely "front yard" and "back bedroom". The "former dynasty" is the place where the emperor held the grand ceremony, mainly the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Zhonghe, the Hall of Baohe, and the Wenhua Hall and Wuying Hall on the east and west sides. "Houdian" is the place where the emperor, his concubines and minor children lived, mainly in Gan Qing Palace, Jiaotai Palace, Kunning Palace and the Sixth East-West Palace. Besides, there are many other palaces of various sizes and uses in the Forbidden City. It is said that there were 9999 and a half palaces in the Forbidden City, that's enough! For example, if a baby lives in a different room every night since he fell to the ground, he will be a 27-year-old young man after living in all the rooms!
It is conceivable that such a large-scale building complex used manpower, material resources and financial resources. The preparation of the Forbidden City began at 1407 and was completed at 1420, which lasted more than ten years. During the construction process, 654.38+10,000 craftsmen and 1 10,000 civilian workers were gathered, and the materials used were also from all over the country. Since the Forbidden City was built, 24 Ming and Qing emperors have been in power here.
19 1 1 year, the Revolution of 1911 led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen overthrew the feudal society in China for more than two thousand years. 19 12 the Qing emperor abdicated. 1925 10 The Palace Museum was first opened to the public on June 10. 1949 After the founding of New China, the Forbidden City has been renovated several times, making it more magnificent. 1987 The Forbidden City in Beijing was listed on the World Heritage List by UNESCO. Ok, that's all for now, and I'll explain it to you later.
Now we come to the Hall of Supreme Harmony and its square, which is the most important courtyard of the Forbidden City, where the royal family held a grand ceremony. The hall of supreme harmony is basically square, and the whole courtyard is flat and wide, with extraordinary momentum. There is the Hall of Supreme Harmony in the north, Taihe Gate in the south, Tijen Pavilion in the east and Hongyi Pavilion in the west, covering an area of 30,000 square meters, which is 1/24 of the total area of the Forbidden City. The whole square can accommodate nearly 70 thousand people. Why do you want to set up such a big square here? One is to show the majesty of the royal family; The second is to play a deterrent role. Think about it. If officials and others stand in such a big square, facing the emperor and magnificent buildings, they have to sincerely sigh their own smallness and the greatness of the emperor. Even if you have different aspirations, you should bow down at the emperor's feet. Of course, the emperor is not stupid. He also knows that under his cruel rule, some people will have some "ideas". But you have your idea and I have my method. You want to come in and assassinate me, I'll spread it out. You want to hide in the dark, I'll make the square treeless and flowerless. Speaking of which, you will ask, what is littering? Did the emperor send someone to kill the assassin who broke into the palace? No, assassins can't approach Ben from the ground. This "littering" is that the emperor was afraid that someone would dig a hole from the ground to assassinate him, so he ordered the square to be paved with 15 layers of square bricks with seven floors horizontally and eight floors vertically to see who could dig a hole. Just now I said, "There are no trees or flowers in the square", right? You see, there are really no trees and flowers in the whole square except some vats. Why didn't the emperor decorate such an important place? There are two reasons: first, if we plant trees and flowers, although the scenery is beautiful, we lose the solemn atmosphere; Second, the emperor was afraid of assassins hiding in trees or flowers during the ceremony, so there were no trees or flowers around the whole square. But there are some vats. What's the purpose? Please guess ... those vats are not used for raising fish, but for storing water. Let's have a look. The halls around us are all made of wood. What should we do if there is a fire and the consequences are unimaginable? We must save some water to solve the urgent need. There are 308 water tanks in the Forbidden City, including 18 frosted gold and copper water tanks. As we all know, Beijing is very cold in winter. What should we do if the water in the water tank freezes? This is really a bit "alarmist". Please look down. Each vat has a stone base and a small hole on one side, which is equivalent to the "kitchen eye" used to burn heatable adobe sleeping platform in the northern countryside. When the wind cools, cover the quilt to keep warm, and heat it with slow fire below, so that the water temperature is neither too hot nor too cold, evaporation or freezing, so these vats have become the most effective fire extinguishing equipment in the palace.
All right! Here you can have a panoramic view of the Hall of Supreme Harmony in the distance. You can take pictures here. I'll introduce the Hall of Supreme Harmony to you later.
Location of the Hall of Supreme Harmony (not far from your Majesty Dan)
The Hall of Supreme Harmony is located on a three-story white marble pedestal more than eight meters high, which is solemn and solemn. There are many small faucets protruding from the edge of each base. The name of those little dragons is Chi, a legendary dragon without horns. What are their functions? In fact, they are the drainage system of the main hall. If you look carefully, you will find that there is a small hole in the mouth of each faucet, which is the spray hole. There are 1 142 small faucets on the third floor base. Whenever it rains heavily, the rain will be discharged from the small hole in the mouth of 1 142 faucet, which is very spectacular and is a scene in the palace. It's called "a thousand dragons spit"
Hall of Supreme Harmony (above the Hall of Supreme Harmony)
Dear friends, the Hall of Supreme Harmony in front of us is the highest-ranking building in the Forbidden City. It is only used when the emperor holds a ceremony, symbolizing the supremacy of imperial power. The Hall of Supreme Harmony, commonly known as the Golden Throne Hall, is an outstanding example of the existing wooden hall in China. The Hall of Supreme Harmony was founded in A.D. 1420, when it was called Fengtian Hall. Later, it was called the Forbidden City. After the emperor shunzhi ascended the throne in Qing Dynasty, he rebuilt three halls and changed the palace into the Hall of Supreme Harmony. "Taihe" means that all relations in the universe can be coordinated. Later, during the Kangxi period, it was rebuilt twice, reaching the scale of the Hall of Supreme Harmony that we see today. The Hall of Supreme Harmony is 35 meters high, 64 meters long from east to west and 33 meters wide from north to south, covering an area of 2,377 square meters. It is eleven rooms wide and five rooms deep, which is the largest hall in the Forbidden City. Decorative painting is the highest grade of Jinlong Seal. The roof of the temple is the top-grade double-eaved roof, and even the kissing beast on the main ridge of the temple is the largest in China at present. In a word, "first" is displayed everywhere, which is the embodiment of the emperor's thought of "Laozi is the best in the world".
The furnishings in the hall are simple and gorgeous, and the ground is covered with "bricks". The emperor's throne in Kowloon is located on a two-meter-high nanmu platform. After the emperor ascended the throne, he held a high position in the temple and ruled the world. There are treasures, cranes, incense pavilions and other items in front of the throne, each with its own beauty. There are six golden pillars in the middle of the hall, which go straight to the top of the hall. There is a Yi Long caisson on the top of the main hall, and a mercury ball with a hollow copper tire is held in the longkou. This ball, called Xuanyuan Mirror, is usually hung above the throne of the emperor, which means that the current emperor is the authentic heir to the throne of Emperor Xuanyuan, not a fake. If it is a fake, it is said that the Xuanyuan mirror will fall and hit him on the head. Are there any fake emperors who are afraid of being smashed? Yes, he is Yuan Shikai, a traitor. When he ascended the throne, he deliberately moved the throne backwards to prevent it from being smashed. You can take a closer look if you don't believe me.
(Between the copper turtle and the copper crane in front of the terrace)
After seeing the interior of the Hall of Supreme Harmony, now, let's look at the furnishings outside the Hall. On the terrace outside the Hall of Supreme Harmony, there is a turtle on the left and a crane on the right. They take the meaning of prolonging the life of turtles and cranes, symbolizing that Jiangshan has been passed down from generation to generation. In addition, there is a sundial on the east side, which is an ancient time measuring tool. There is Jialiang in the west, which is an ancient measuring instrument. These two furnishings symbolize the emperor's impartiality in time and space and his frankness and equality with the people all over the world.
In ancient times, all kinds of ceremonies were held on auspicious occasions, and only on auspicious occasions could the emperor ascend to the throne. So where did the emperor wait for this historic moment? Let's go Now let's go and have a look!
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Zhonghe Hall and Baohe Hall.
(1) involved content
1, the meaning and use of the name of Zhonghetang
2. The meaning and use of the name of Baohe Hall
3. Yunlong stone carving behind Baohe Hall
(4) Location: Next to Zhonghe Hall.