It is a kind of landscape painting.
Generally speaking, green landscapes can be divided into style-style Qingyuan and free-style Qingyuan. The former is characterized by meticulous brushwork. Starting from the Six Dynasties, it gradually developed to the Tang Dynasty when Er Li established the basic creative characteristics of green landscapes. Around the turn of the Song Dynasty, three categories of golden landscapes, large green landscapes, and small green landscapes were formed. In the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, each They develop and influence each other, and are dominated by small green landscapes. The most important thing about golden mountains and rivers is their splendor, the beauty of big green mountains and rivers lies in their splendor, and the beauty of small green mountains and rivers lies in their warmth and elegance. The latter appeared in the late Ming Dynasty, represented by Lan Ying's boneless and heavily colored landscapes. Later, on this basis, it developed into the modern green splash-color landscape created by Zhang Daqian, Liu Haisu and others. Boneless heavy colors are better than bright and colorful, and green splash colors are better than warm and hearty.
Tang He of the Yuan Dynasty said: "Li Sixun colored landscapes and reflected them with gold and green, which is his own method." In the Southern Song Dynasty, there were two Zhaos (Boju and Bosu) who were famous for their green landscapes. In the Ming Dynasty, Qiu Ying and Zhang Hong were famous for their real-life green landscape paintings, and they created a new pattern of green landscape painting.
During the Southern Song Dynasty, the green landscape painting style was revived. The works of the Zhao Boju brothers are the most representative. It is said that Zhao Boju's "Autumn Colors of Rivers and Mountains" is now in the Palace Museum. The picture describes the scenery of mountains and rivers in autumn, including peaks, rivers, waterfalls, villages, long bridges, plank roads, pines and cypresses, bamboos, carriages and horses, boats, pedestrians, and ferrymen. The picture is extremely rich. From a technical point of view, the brushwork is precise but not trivial. The colors used are magnificent but not dry, and the painting is permeated with ink and wash techniques. It not only has the brightness of green landscapes, but also has the "charm" of literati paintings. It takes the green landscape painting methods of the Tang Dynasty a step forward. Zhao Boxiao's painting style is similar to Boju's. , they are almost similar in age. It can be inferred that they must have worked together, studied and developed each other at that time. There are also many changes in the expression of Erzhao's landscape. Neat but not craftsmanship, tight but not delicate, majestic yet elegant. Dong Qichang of the Ming Dynasty said in "Essays on Painting Zen Rooms": "Li Zhaodao's school is the most refined workmanship of Zhao Boju and Zhao Bo, and has morale. Those who follow it will not be able to achieve the elegance of their work." On the other hand, Song Dynasty painting , mainly dominated by palace paintings. From the existing albums of the Song Dynasty, we can see some green landscape works of different styles. Although they are just auspicious, they are brilliant. Such as "Thousands of Miles of Rivers and Mountains", "Yunshan Pavilions", "Chengjiang Bixiu", "Spring Colors of the River and Sky", "Spring Depths in the Hanging Garden", and "Lotus Fragrance in the Quyuan". Although these works have not been able to The name of the artist is enough to prove that there were many masters of green landscape painting at that time, and it also provides a glimpse of the various styles and techniques of green landscape painting in the Song Dynasty.
Zhao Mengfu, a painter of the Yuan Dynasty
Zhao Mengfu (1254-1322), whose courtesy name was Ziang, also known as Songxue, was also known as Songxue Taoist, also known as Shuijinggong Taoist and Oubo. In his middle age, he once worked as Mengfu. Han nationality, from Wuxing (now Huzhou, Zhejiang). A famous painter in the Yuan Dynasty, one of the four masters of regular script (Ouyang Xun, Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, and Zhao Mengfu). Zhao Mengfu was erudite and talented. He was good at poetry and prose, understood economics, was good at calligraphy and painting, was good at epigraphy and stone, knew laws and regulations, and understood appreciation. In particular, he achieved the highest achievements in calligraphy and painting, creating a new style of painting in the Yuan Dynasty, and was known as the "Crown of the Yuan Dynasty". He is also good at seal script, official script, Zhen script, Xing script, and cursive script, and is especially famous for his regular script and running script.
There are two styles of Zhao Mengfu's paintings, one is neat and the other is extensive. The Gonggong category inherits the painting techniques of the Green Landscape School, directly taking the legacy of the Tang Dynasty, and showing considerable skill. During this period, there was still money to choose green landscapes with a unique style.
Ming Dynasty painter Zhang Hong
Zhang Hong (1577 AD - after 1652), also known as Jundu and also known as Hejian, was a famous painter in the Ming Dynasty and a native of Suzhou, Jiangsu Province. He is good at painting landscapes, focusing on life, with strong brushstrokes, moist ink, overlapping mountains, and deep autumn ravines, which have the ancient meaning of the Yuan Dynasty; his paintings are characterized by the cracked and stained stone surfaces. The upper layer of the picture is the rolling mountains behind the village. The peaks are endless and the clouds are shrouded. Standing in the middle, the viewer seems to be among thousands of rocks and ravines, without knowing how far away they are.
The main patriarchs are Shen Zhou and Wen Zhengming, and they follow the four families of the Yuan Dynasty and Mi Fu, Dong Yuan, and Ju Ran. They also learn from Li and Guo of the Northern Song Dynasty and Li and Xia of the Southern Song Dynasty to form their own style.
He was also able to paint freehand figures, both physically and spiritually, and dispersed and gathered appropriately. He was a backbone figure in the Wumen painting circle in the late Ming Dynasty. Wumen scholars respected it. According to historical records, Zhang Hong is still in good health at the age of 92 and is still painting.
Zhang Hong's "Green Landscape" is an important representative work of green landscape and is highly praised by later generations. In this picture, the mountains are tall and graceful, the smoke is filled, the clouds are light and green, and the artistic conception is fresh. There are many ancient trees by the waterside of Yantou. A hermit was sitting on the ground near the stream, looking up at the mountain and the spring. A servant came with something in his hands. The characters are concisely drawn, both physically and spiritually. Use the pen holder to see the work, and the colors are bright and beautiful. The composition of this painting is far-reaching and magnificent, the brushwork is vigorous and clumsy, the ink is green and moist, the style is vigorous and elegant, the layout is subtle and rigorous, the peaks are tall and graceful, the smoke is filled, the clouds are green and the shadows are green, and the artistic conception is fresh.
There are not a few modern painters who are good at green landscape techniques. Zhang Daqian, Huang Binhong, Huang Shanshou, Wu Hufan, Xie Zhiliu, He Tianjian, Chen Peiqiu, etc. are all masters of green landscape painting, and enjoy a high reputation in the painting world. reputation.