Here I tell you in detail:
"Monsoon paddy agriculture" grasps the "monsoon", so it is mainly distributed in the monsoon climate areas of East Asia, South Asia and Southeast Asia. The picture shows the Yangtze River basin (and its south) in China, which is mainly planted with rice, so the regional type is "monsoon paddy field". Here, you should first understand the distribution range of monsoon, and then understand the main distribution areas of rice in China. Not all monsoons grow rice, such as the North China Plain. It may be planted in wet areas. There are also in the northeast.
"Commodity grain agriculture" mainly grows wheat or corn. So it is mainly dry land. Moreover, the commodity rate is high, and it is mostly distributed in sparsely populated areas: the central plains of the United States are the most typical. Of course, there are books about the distribution of agricultural regional types in this place. You must find the memory. For China, it is good for you to master this type of agricultural area in Northeast China. At the same time, we should grasp two keys: one is to take wheat and corn as the main planting objects, and the other is the high commodity rate in the sparsely populated areas.
Then the reason why you answered the wrong question is that I guess you confused China's concept of commodity grain with the concept of agricultural type of commodity grain. Commodity grain bases can be rice (the seven major commodity grain bases in the Yangtze River Basin and the Pearl River Delta) or wheat (the two major ones in Northeast China). Commodity grain agriculture is mainly wheat or corn.
"The limiting factors of climate to local agricultural development are (A: The monsoon is unstable and the precipitation variability is large. I answered wrong. It must be remembered that monsoon instability is mainly related to the intensity of summer monsoon. It is easy to cause drought and flood disasters and has an impact on agricultural output. China, Indian and other countries with monsoon distribution all have such problems. You know that. Not only that, but also more restrictive factors in agricultural areas of China should be understood. I'll give you some information and have a look.
I. Northeast China (Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning)
1, analysis of natural conditions
(1) Leng Xia is warm in winter, with long sunshine time, and it is harvested once a year; The average annual precipitation is 400-600 mm, which belongs to humid and semi-humid areas and has sufficient irrigation water.
(2) The northeast plain is low and flat, with deep soil layers and high fertility black soil, which is extremely beneficial to agricultural mechanization.
(3) Frozen soil is widely distributed, which ensures good soil moisture.
(4) The marshland area is very large, and it has been developed and utilized through drainage, but it also caused the climate to dry up during the development process, so it is not appropriate to overexploit the marshland.
(5) The latitude in this area is high and the heat resources are insufficient. When the early autumn frost or the spring temperature is low, crops will be damaged by low temperature, and crop yield will be greatly reduced.
2. Agricultural characteristics
(1) The commodity grain bases mainly consisting of corn and spring wheat are mainly located in Sanjiang Plain and Songnen Plain.
(2) With soybeans and sugar beet as the main cash crops, soybean production accounts for more than 1/3 of the country, and export accounts for more than 90% of the country. Heilongjiang is the largest soybean producing area in China. Sugar beet production accounts for more than half of the country, with Songnen Plain as the largest.
(3) Other cash crops are flax, oak (tussah), apple, flue-cured tobacco, etc.
Second, the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River (Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Shandong, Beijing and Tianjin)
1, analysis of natural conditions:
(1) Most places belong to warm temperate zone, and the temperature is quite high in summer. Most crops are harvested twice a year or three times every two years. The rainy season is short in most areas, and the precipitation is concentrated in July and August. It is a common problem that spring drought (drought in spring and early summer) threatens agricultural production. Due to the dry climate, irrigation water sources are insufficient in most places.
(2) In many places in North China Plain, Weihe Plain and Fenhe River Basin, the harm of saline-alkali is very serious.
(3) The loess on the Loess Plateau is composed of fine sediment particles, which is convenient for farming. Loess is rich in nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. However, the soil is loose, there is no vegetation protection on the surface, and soil erosion is serious.
2, agricultural characteristics:
(1) Winter wheat and corn are the main food crops, mainly distributed in North China Plain, followed by Weihe Plain and Fenhe River Basin. There are many kinds of millet in the Loess Plateau and many kinds of sweet potatoes in the hills and low mountains of Shandong.
Cotton is the most important cash crop in this area. Hebei, Shandong and Henan provinces are the largest cotton-producing areas and commodity cotton bases in China, and Weihe Plain and Fenhe Valley are also important cotton-producing areas. Advantages of cotton planting in this area: high temperature in summer is beneficial to cotton growth; There are many sunny days in autumn, which is also beneficial to the later growth and harvest of cotton; In addition, muddy soil is beneficial to the growth and development of cotton roots.
Three, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai)
1, analysis of natural conditions:
(1) The north of Huaihe River is warm temperate zone, and the rest is subtropical zone, with high temperature in summer. Jianghan, Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake and other plains are surrounded by mountains, which are not easy to dissipate heat and are all famous for their heat. Crops can be harvested twice a year or three times a year. The north of Huaihe River is a semi-humid area, and the rest is a humid area. In late spring and early summer, timely and appropriate plum rains are more beneficial to rice growth. If the plum rains are too short or too long, droughts and floods will occur. The rainy season ended in July, controlled by subtropical high, the weather was sunny and dry, and there was a summer drought. At this time, the heat is sufficient, the evaporation is large, the crops grow vigorously, and it is necessary to ensure sufficient water supply, so the task of drought resistance is very heavy.
(2) The plain is vast, the river network is densely covered, and the irrigation water source is sufficient.
(3) The hilly red soil in the south of the Yangtze River is widely distributed, with low organic matter, strong acidity and heavy soil, which is one of the main low-yield soils in southern China.
2, agricultural characteristics:
(1) Dry crops are mainly planted in the north of Huaihe River (Jianghuai area), and paddy fields are mainly planted in the south. Jianghan Plain, Dongting Lake Plain, Poyang Lake Plain and Yangtze River Delta are all famous rice producing areas, and the rice planting area and yield in this area rank first in China. Wheat is also an important food crop in this area.
(2) The cash crops are cotton, rape and silkworm. Jianghan Plain, the coastal plain in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the coast of Hangzhou Bay, is one of the main cotton production bases in China. (Cotton planting conditions: sufficient heat, deep and fertile soil layer, long history of cotton planting, good technical conditions and high commodity rate. The unfavorable conditions are plum rains in spring and summer, typhoons in summer and even rainy days in autumn. Rape has a wide planting area and has become an overwintering crop in rice fields. Taihu Plain in Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces is the largest sericulture base in China and the famous "Silk House".
(3) The red soil area in the hilly area of the south of the Yangtze River is suitable for the growth of tea, rape and Chinese fir, with a large yield.
Four, the southern coastal areas (Fujian, Taiwan Province, Guangdong, Guangxi, Qiong and Hongkong, Macao Special Administrative Region)
1, analysis of natural conditions:
(1) is the lowest latitude area in China, and the Tropic of Cancer passes through Taiwan Province Province and Guangdong and Guangxi. Close to the ocean, the summer monsoon brings a lot of water vapor from the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean, resulting in abundant precipitation here. The rainy season begins in April and May and lasts until September, 65438+ October. The climate in this area is hot and rainy, with a long frost-free period, and crops can grow almost all year round. The farming system is two or three seasons a year.
(2) Typhoon activities are frequent, and about 80% of the typhoons that invaded China landed in this area. Typhoons form violent storms, which bring certain disasters and sometimes alleviate the drought in coastal areas.
(3) The terrain is mostly hills and mountains, and the plain area is not large. The Pearl River Delta and the western plain of Taiwan Province Province are the two largest alluvial plains in this area.
2. Agricultural characteristics
(1) Rice is widely planted in this area, and the Pearl River Delta and Taixi Plain are important rice producing areas. Sugarcane is the most important cash crop in this area. Guangdong, Fujian and Guangxi have become important sugar suppliers in China, and the output of the Pearl River Delta is even more important.
(2) Pond-based agriculture in the Pearl River Delta: digging ground into ponds in low-lying and waterlogged areas, piling mud into ponds, raising fish in ponds, planting mulberry trees, sugar cane, fruit trees and flowers on the dikes, using pond mud as fertilizer for mulberry trees, sugar cane and fruit trees, raising silkworms with mulberry leaves, feeding silkworm excrement, mulberry leaves and sugar cane leaves, and cultivating pond bases with each other, thus forming a good pond-based agricultural artificial ecosystem with mutual cultivation between land and water. According to the different crops planted in the base, there are "mulberry-based fish ponds", "sugarcane-based fish ponds" and "fruit-based fish ponds".
(3) There are tropical crops such as rubber, sisal, oil palm, coconut, coffee, cocoa and pepper in Hainan Island, and rubber cultivation occupies an important position in the country.
(4) There are tropical and subtropical fruit trees such as bananas, oranges, pineapples and lychees.
(5) Cinnamomum camphora in Taiwan Province Province is quite famous, and its camphor production ranks first in the world.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Southwest China (Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and Chongqing)
1, three provinces and one city in the southwest are south of 35 north latitude, and the south of Yunnan Province also extends to the south of the Tropic of Cancer. Most of Sichuan, Guizhou, Chongqing and Yunnan are subtropical, while southern Yunnan is tropical. The plateau mountains in western Sichuan and Yunnan are very high in altitude, and the climate is significantly reduced, forming a cold climate.
2. Sichuan Basin is humid all the year round, with abundant rainfall and rare frost and snow, and sugarcane, citrus and grapefruit can be planted. Purple soil in Sichuan basin is rich in phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients, which is relatively fertile.
3. Chengdu Plain is an impact fan plain with warm climate, fertile soil, early development, dense population and convenient irrigation. Agricultural production has always been developed, known as the "land of abundance" reputation. There is a famous Dujiangyan water conservancy project on the plain. Chengdu Plain is an important commodity grain base in China, which is rich in rice, wheat and rape. The growth of pigs and silkworms is also famous.
4. The valley basin on Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, called "bazi" locally, is an important rice producing area. In the karst landform area of the plateau, due to the serious leakage of caves and underground rivers and the lack of surface water, attention should be paid to building water conservancy projects to ensure the use of water for agricultural production.
5. Southern Yunnan Valley (including Xishuangbanna) belongs to tropical monsoon climate, and crops can grow all year round, which is not affected by cold wave in winter and typhoon in summer. It has a good environment for developing tropical crops and has become an important rubber production base in China.
Six, the Qinghai-Tibet region (Tibet, Qinghai)
1. The latitude of this area is equivalent to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Yellow River, but it has a unique plateau climate because of its high terrain. It is characterized by strong solar radiation, abundant sunshine, low temperature, large daily range, small annual range, more precipitation on windward slope and less precipitation on plateau. Lhasa is called "Sunlight City". The terrain is high and the air is thin.
2. Agriculture is limited by climate and is suitable for the growth of highland barley and wheat. Yak, sheep and goat are the three most widely distributed livestock on the plateau. Grassland is mainly distributed around plateau lakes and in Heyuan area.
3. Huangshui River Basin and Yellow River Basin are relatively wide, with more precipitation and fertile land, which are the main agricultural areas. In the Qaidam Basin, due to the rich melting water of snow and ice in Qilian Mountain and Kunlun Mountain, and the groundwater in the foothills, many places can be irrigated with water to develop agriculture. The lower part of the basin is flat, suitable for continuous cropping wasteland and convenient for mechanized reclamation and cultivation.
4. Yarlung Zangbo River Basin: The humid airflow brought by the southwest monsoon from the Indian Ocean makes more precipitation here, which is not affected by the cold wave and is warmer in winter. Highland barley is an important food crop in Tibet, mainly distributed here.
5. "Jiangnan, Tibet"-the southern slope of the Himalayas: The southwest monsoon from the Indian Ocean has caused a lot of topographic precipitation here, showing rich subtropical and tropical scenery, especially in the Chayu area. In the fertile valley, orange branches are in Aoba Shigeru, banana plantations are green all year round, rice fields can be seen everywhere, and newly-built tea gardens are scattered on gentle slopes, which is called "Jiangnan of Tibet"
7. Northwest inland areas (Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu, Xinjiang)
1, this area is located in the hinterland of Eurasia, deep inland, far away from the ocean, and blocked by the surrounding mountains and plateaus, so it is difficult to send out ocean water vapor, and the water cycle is very inactive. It is the driest area in China. The climate shows a strong continental climate, characterized by less precipitation, more sandstorms and dry climate; More sunny days, less clouds and plenty of sunshine; Daily and annual temperatures vary greatly.
2. Mountain precipitation and melting water of snow and ice are the main water sources for agriculture and animal husbandry production here. The northwest region is full of light and heat, and the daily temperature difference is large. For plants, the high temperature and strong light during the day strengthen the photosynthesis of plants, which is beneficial to the synthesis of carbohydrates. The low temperature at night weakens the respiration of plants and reduces the consumption of nutrients. So the quality of melons and fruits produced in this area is very good.
3. Characteristic irrigated agriculture. Agriculture in this area must rely on irrigation. Wheat, rice, cotton, rape, sugar beet, etc. They grow well in areas irrigated by rivers, melting ice and groundwater.
(1) Ningxia Plain and Hetao Plain are famous irrigated agricultural areas in China. Here, the flow direction of the Yellow River is slightly inclined to the natural slope, and the diversion canal is excavated to divert the Yellow River water for self-flow irrigation. There are famous channels such as Qinqu and Hanqu in Ningxia Plain. On the plain, ditches are criss-crossing, buildings are connected, rice fields are densely covered, and cottages overlook, so it is known as "Upper Jiangnan". Hetao Plain has developed into a "rice river".
(2) Irrigation agriculture in Hexi Corridor of Gan Xin is limited to the alluvial plain at the foot of the mountain, where the soil quality is good and there are abundant water sources such as mountain precipitation, snowmelt water and groundwater. Using these favorable natural conditions, land reclamation and water diversion irrigation have turned the desert into a fertile oasis. Tarim basin and Turpan basin are the main producing areas of long-staple cotton in China, with long frost-free period, high summer temperature, large accumulated temperature and sufficient sunshine. In Turpan Basin, Xinjiang, there is a special groundwater irrigation project-Karejing.
4. Important animal husbandry base. Inner Mongolia grassland is the largest natural pastoral area in China. Hulunbeier grassland in northeast China has become the most fertile pasture and water grass threshing ground in China because of its abundant rainfall. Sanhe cattle and three hippos produced in Sanhe area are famous all over the country. Tan sheep produced in Ningxia is a rare and high-quality fur sheep breed; In Xinjiang, there are many Tianshan Mountains and Altai Mountains, and there are many topographical precipitation. The mountainside is mainly coniferous forest. Grass grows above and below, grass grows above in summer and grass grows below in winter. Tianshan Mountain is the main pastoral area in Xinjiang, and the fine-wool sheep produced are excellent livestock breeds.
5. Unreasonable reclamation, overgrazing and arbitrary logging in this area have caused serious desertification hazards. Windbreak and sand fixation, reducing the harm of sandstorm, preventing the spread of desert and grassland degradation are the important tasks of environmental management and transformation in this area.