The archaeological investigation of Liao tombs began in the early 20th century, and the discovery of elegies in Qidan in Liao and Qing cemeteries attracted academic attention. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, the Japanese once excavated the Qing tombs. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), more than 300 Liao tombs were excavated. Tombs in Liao Dynasty reflect the social life and customs of Liao Dynasty from all aspects, and are important materials for studying history.
It is mainly distributed in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Liaoning Province, Beijing and the northern areas of Hebei and Shanxi provinces. The archaeological investigation of Liao tombs began in the early 20th century, and the discovery of elegies in Qidan in Liao and Qing cemeteries attracted academic attention. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, the Japanese once excavated the Qing tombs. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), more than 300 Liao tombs were excavated. Tombs in Liao Dynasty reflect the social life and customs of Liao Dynasty from all aspects, and are important materials for studying history.
There were 10 mausoleum in Liao dynasty, which can be divided into five regions according to geographical distribution: ① Taizu mausoleum was in Balinzuoqi, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region; (2) Taizong Mausoleum is in Bahrain Right Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and Mu Zong is buried in Huailing. (3) Xianling is located in Yiwulu Mountain, Beizhen City, Liaoning Province. This is the tomb of Ren Huang, the father of Sejong, and Sejong is also buried in the Western Hills of the Epiphany.
④ Jing Zong Ganling is in the southwest of Beizhen City, Liaoning Province. In the fifth year of Jin Dynasty (1 145), Emperor Tianzuo was buried next to Ganling. ⑤ Qingling Mausoleum of Shengzong Yongqing, Yongxing Mausoleum of Xingzong and Yongfu Mausoleum of Daozong, collectively called Qingling Mausoleum, is located in Daxinganling, north of Baitazi, Bahrain Right Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
Mausoleums in Liao Dynasty are mostly based on mountains, and there is a big hall in front of them. Take the tomb of the sage Zong Yongqing as an example. The pleasure hall is square, with a platform in front, corridors on both sides of the hall, winding into a courtyard, a door in the middle of the corridor, and double pavilions on both sides of the door. The underground palace is made of brick, which is divided into three rooms: the front room, the middle room and the back room. A round small ear room is built around the front room and the middle room.
The wood-like building parts of the two rooms and the ceiling of the room are painted with colored pictures. There are colorful murals painted on the wall from the tomb door to the middle room. The four murals in the middle room show four landscapes of spring, summer, autumn and winter, indicating the positions of the four seasons. This is a unique mural in the Liao Mausoleum. Mausoleum in Liao Dynasty has a mausoleum city and a mausoleum keeper. The ancestral state of Zuling, Huaizhou of Huailing, Zhouxian of Xianling, Ganzhou of Ganling and Qingzhou of Qingling are all Fengling cities, among which the sites of Zuling, Huailing and Qingqing still exist today.