1 Wudang Mountain Taoism-a colorful page in the history of Taoism in China
Taoism is a native religion in China. "China's roots are in Taoism" (Lu Xun, 19 18) occupies an important position in the history of China civilization. Taoism in Wudang Mountain is an important part of Taoism in China. Its development was highly respected by the rulers of past dynasties, and reached its peak in the Ming Dynasty: it was successively named "Da Yue" (Emperor Chengzu) and "Xuan Yue" (Emperor Shizong) by the emperor, which made its status higher than the Five Mountains, and it was honored as "all four famous mountains are arched and all five immortals worship". Wudang Mountain has become a "royal temple" and "the first mountain in the world" (Mi Fei in the Northern Song Dynasty) dedicated to praying for the imperial court. It has gained an exclusive position in the field of Taoism, and has become the largest Dojo and Taoist activity center in China, with far-reaching influence and written a brilliant chapter in the history of Taoism in China.
2.2 Wudang Mountain Taoist architecture-a miracle in the history of ancient architecture in China.
Wudang Mountain Taoist complex is the largest, highest-ranking and most well-preserved Taoist ancient building complex in China, and it is the core of Wudang Mountain's world cultural heritage with outstanding characteristics.
The scale is huge and the project is huge. The Ming government "built Wudang in the south and the Forbidden City in the north", which used 300,000 craftsmen successively. The construction of Wudang Palace Temple took 12 years, and a large-scale Taoist complex of 9 palaces, 9 temples, 36 Antang and 73 rock temples was built, which became the rule of the royal family by using religious thoughts.
Important place. After continuous expansion, there are more than 20,000 temples in Wudang Mountain, with a total area of 6,543,800+6,000 square meters, which is more than twice that of the Forbidden City. Form a grand scene of "five miles, one temple, ten miles palace, exquisite wall".
Unique site selection and ingenious layout. The building site selection of Wudang Mountain combines the thought of "Yin-Yang Sutra" of Taoism, "Feng Shui" of ancient China and the fairy myth of Zhenwu Emperor, and is built in strict accordance with the intention of integrating politics with religion. In terms of layout, the whole building complex of Wudang Mountain is located on the mountain and is everywhere.
Adapted to the natural environment, the peaks, peaks, stones and valleys are skillfully used in the construction process, and the original features of the mountain are preserved to the maximum extent.
The center of Wudang complex is located in the Golden Hall at the top of Tianzhu Peak, with the Eight Palaces on the cliff of the whole mountain as the main body. Many shrines of Antang are distributed around the main building in a self-contained way, and the huge buildings and mountains and rivers are in harmony, which perfectly embodies the Taoist concept of "harmony between man and nature".
Strict overall planning, exquisite architectural skills and exquisite craftsmanship. The large-scale Wudang building complex adopts the royal architectural style, unified design and layout, and the overall planning is very rigorous. It has made great achievements in architectural skills and architectural aesthetics, which embodies the great achievements of ancient science and technology in China. The Golden Hall, the largest existing bronze gilded hall in China, is known as a pearl in China's ancient architecture and casting technology, and its welding and casting technology has reached a quite high level. In addition, there are nine yellow river walls, one column and twelve beams, and the turning hall.
It shows the superb skills of ancient architecture and is a valuable cultural heritage of our country. Wudang Taoist architecture is known as "supplementing the legacy of Qin Huang and Han Wu, which is rare in past dynasties." The victory of Zhang Jinque's Lin Gong is also lacking in the world "(see Zhang Kaidong's Preface to Da Yue in Ming Dynasty). 1982, the State Council announced Wudang Mountain as a national key scenic spot, calling it Wudang Mountain ancient architectural complex. The project is huge and exquisite, which successfully embodies the artistic conception of "Fairy Hill and Qiongge", just like an exhibition of China's ancient architectural achievements.
2.3 Wudang Wushu, world-famous, is a school of its own.
Wudang Wushu is one of the most important schools of Wushu in China. Founded by Zhang Sanfeng, a famous Taoist priest in Wudang Mountain, it is known as "Shaolin in the north and Wudang in the south". Wudang Wushu is a school of its own, which is called "Family Boxing School". It aims at self-cultivation, self-defense and health care.
With static braking, people's "internal strength" will be done late. Wudang Wushu is deeply influenced by Taoism, which advocates spiritual and moral cultivation and pays attention to connotation cultivation. Wudang Kung Fu is a precious heritage of China culture and has great influence in the world. Now wudang boxing, Tai Ji Chuan and Taiji Sword are world-renowned and deeply loved by the people.
2.4 Yue Xian verve-Wudang Taoist music
Wudang Taoist music, also known as Wudang Taoist music, is an important part of Chinese Taoist music culture. Taoist music is played by Taoist priests when they recite scriptures and perform sacrificial activities. Due to historical and geographical reasons, Wudang Taoist music is extremely rich in connotation: although it belongs to local Taoist music, it has the solemnity and elegance of court music; On the one hand, it is difficult to impact the ancient tradition of witchcraft-watching music and dance and the folk music in the pre-Qin period, on the other hand, it absorbs a lot of local folk music elements; In addition to the local area, the music in the surrounding areas also has an influence on it, such as "Three Fat Chusheng", "Qiang Qin Fish Tune" and "Chu Han Yun Fades";
Taoist music, which has a long history and is constantly innovating in its development, has finally formed a Taoist music that blends North and South, is dominated by Taoism, and has both Buddhist music and Confucian music melodies. It is called Wudang Yue Xian verve and Wudang verve, and it is a very distinctive part of Wudang Mountain's religious and cultural heritage.
3 Excellent natural scenery-Wudang Mountain's characteristic tourism resources that can't be ignored
Although Wudang Mountain is listed in the World Heritage List as a "cultural heritage", its natural landscape is not inferior to human resources. Since ancient times, the beautiful natural scenery of Wudang Mountain has been attracting countless Taoist practitioners, emperors and generals, literati and hermits. Xu Xiake, a geographer in the Ming Dynasty, praised Wudang Mountain for its "beautiful scenery" and thought that "Xuan Yue rises from the Five Mountains" and "chinese odyssey, the town of Gankunding, is the first fairy mountain on the top of the mountain". The most famous natural landscape is "seventy-two peaks facing each other and twenty-four streams running". Tianzhu Peak, the main peak, is 65,438+0,665,438+02 meters above sea level, just like a Tianzhu, rising to the sky, surrounded by 72 peaks, and circulating with 24 streams, forming Tianzhu Peak, which is like a giant turtle, located at the top of the mountain, and the other peaks are bent over and facing the main peak. The officials of the United Nations expert investigation team who went to Wudang Mountain also praised the beautiful natural scenery of Wudang Mountain. The natural scenery of Wudang Mountain is called "72 peaks, 36 rocks, 24 streams, 1 1 caves, 3 pools, 9 springs, 10 rocks and 9 stations", each with its own characteristics and beautiful scenery.
Rich Historical and Cultural Heritage —— The Precious Characteristic Tourism Resources of Wudang Mountain
Wudang Mountain area has a long history and rich prehistoric cultural relics. From the fossils of dinosaur eggs, marine vertebrates, ancient ape skulls and ape-man teeth that have been unearthed so far, it was once one of the habitats of human ancestors and an important birthplace of Chinese civilization. Wudang Mountain was the capital of Chu in its early years. Since Qin and Han Dynasties, it has been established and developed. Its long history has left a lot of precious cultural relics for the local area, among which Taoist cultural relics are the most abundant, and it has a good reputation as a treasure house of Taoist cultural relics in China.
Abundant medicinal plant resources--Wudang Mountain characteristic tourism resources with great development value.
Wudang Mountain is rich in plant resources, especially Chinese herbal medicine, which is one of the most concentrated areas of existing wild medicinal materials in China. It is preliminarily determined that there are 6 17 species of wild medicinal materials in Wudang Mountain. As early as the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, there were hermits collecting herbs and practicing here, and there was an endless stream after the Tang and Song Dynasties. Li Shizhen, a famous doctor in Ming Dynasty, has been collecting herbs in Wudang for a long time. According to statistics, more than 400 kinds of medicinal materials in Compendium of Materia Medica are taken from Wudang Mountain. As the saying goes, "Ten Ways and Nine Doctors", Taoism has a tradition of attaching importance to medical and pharmaceutical research. Combined with its profound Taoist health culture and in line with the healthy concept of modern tourism development, medicinal plant resources are undoubtedly the characteristic tourism resources with great development value in Wudang Mountain.
Rich and colorful folk culture-a unique tourism resource of Wudang Mountain with great development potential.
The profound historical and cultural heritage in Wudang Mountain area has left rich folk cultural resources for the local area, which is manifested in the folk culture with strong Taoist flavor, such as Wudang's belief in folk customs, Dafa meeting, Luotian's righteousness, pilgrimages, vegetarian taboos and other customs; Such as March 3 and September 9, are closely related to Taoist beliefs. There are many legendary stories about Wudang Mountain, such as the famous "iron pestle grinds into a needle" and "prince reads books", and there are a lot of literary resources describing Wudang Mountain, such as poems, songs, travel notes and novels. In addition, due to historical reasons, such as the support of the imperial courts, the overhaul of Wudang by the Ming Dynasty, some court folk cultures and folk cultures of different origins in China directly gathered in Wudang, where they collided and blended with local folk cultures, and this place was in the diplomatic circle of Qin Chu.
The Twilight City, where the Yellow River culture and the Yangtze River culture meet, has diverse historical and cultural origins, so Wudang folk culture also presents the remarkable characteristics of extensive sources, blending north and south, and being colorful.