Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province is located in the middle of Guanzhong Plain, near the intersection of Jinghe River and Weihe River. Xianyang got its name in two ways. According to Li Jifu's Yuanhe County Records, according to legend, the water in the south of the mountain is called Yang in the north, and Xianyang is located in the north of Shan Zhinan and Weishui of the Ninth Army, hence the name Xianyang. Others read Historical Records and Wen Tao Unearthed in Xianyang, Qin Dou, and thought that Shang Yang had set up a "salty pavilion" and a "Liyang" here, and Qin Xiaogong combined them and named them Xianyang. Historically, Xianyang was also called Weicheng and Chixian.
Qin people originally lived in the east of Gansu, and were blocked in Qin for helping Pingdong move eastward. Qin Xiaogong appointed Shang Yang to reform, which greatly increased his national strength and expanded eastward day by day. In 350 BC, Qin Xiaogong moved the capital to Xianyang, and Qin Ershi and Xianyang became the capital for 144 years. Xianyang and Qin Dou, with Xianyang as the center, include vast areas on both sides of Weihe River. The old city is located in Yaodian Town, about 30 miles east of Xianyang, and most of it is submerged by Weihe River. Xianyang city is large in scale, and by the time of Qin Shihuang, it was all over the palaces. With Xianyang as the center, there are 300 palaces in Guanzhong, four palaces outside Shanhaiguan and eight palaces in Qinchuan. At the end of Qin Dynasty, Xiang Yu invaded Xianyang and razed Qin Gong to the ground.
Chang 'an, the capital of the Western Han Dynasty, is close to Xianyang, which is the tomb of the royal family in the Western Han Dynasty and still plays an important role. Nine of the eleven emperors in the Western Han Dynasty were buried in Beiyuan, Xianyang, and there were many tombs of dignitaries around these tombs. At that time, rich people moved from all over the country and set up counties around the imperial tomb, which was not prosperous for the Qin Dynasty.
Xianyang is the first stop of the ancient Silk Road. The ancients went out of Chang 'an in the west and mostly stayed here for a short time. This is a place where people say goodbye and farewell. The famous poem "Chengwei Qu" by Tang Dynasty poet Wang Wei said: "Chengwei despises rain and dust, and the guest house is green and willow." I advise you to drink more and go out of Yangguan for no reason. "It is a portrayal of Xianyang's farewell dinner.
Xianyang area is rich in historical relics, and there are many cultural sites and ancient tombs, especially in Qin, Han and Tang dynasties. With the progress of archaeological excavation, there will be more amazing cultural relics exposed to the world.
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Eleven emperors of the Western Han Dynasty, except Wendi who was buried in Xi 'an Fuling and Xuan Di who was buried in Chang 'an Ling Du, were all buried in Xianyang Beiyuan, north of Weihe River. From west to east, there are Liu Che Mausoleum, Liu Fuling Mausoleum, Zhao Di Ping Ling Mausoleum, Liu Ao Mausoleum, Pingdi Liu Mausoleum, Yuan Di Liu Shuangwei Mausoleum, Liu Xindi Yiling Mausoleum, Hui Di Liu Ying Yiling Mausoleum, Gaozu Liu Bangchang Mausoleum and Jingdi Liu Qiyang Mausoleum. The mausoleum stretches for 20 kilometers, roughly in a straight line. There is a poem in "Zhao Bingwen King": "There is no one beside the Weishui Bridge, and Kirin lies on the high hill. The Millennium fame and fortune turned into Xianyang dust. "
Huo qubing's tomb and stone carvings
There are more than 20 tombs buried with Li Furen, Wei Qing, Huo Qubing and Huo Guang. Li Furen is the sister of Li Yannian, a famous musician in Han Dynasty, and Li Guangli, a Erlang general. Li Yannian once took the opportunity of an emperor's performance to sing "Beauty": "There are beauties in the north, and they are peerless and independent. One cares about the city and the other cares about the countryside. I'd rather not know the whole city and this country, but it's hard to get another beauty! " Emperor Wu immediately asked, "Is there such a beauty in the world?" Later, Princess Pingyang told Emperor Wu that the beauty Li Yannian sang was his sister. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty called Li Yannian's sister into the palace. She was really beautiful and could sing and dance well. Emperor Wu loved her very much. Li Furen died at a young age, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty gave her a heavy funeral as a gift from the queen. Her grave is called Ling Ying, and her common name is Xi Sendai. Wei Qing, a brave soldier who was born as a herdsman, repelled the invading Huns seven times and made outstanding achievements. He was buried with Princess Pingyang after his death. Its tomb is shaped like Lushan Mountain in Mobei, and it is said that it was built by imitating a terrain where he defeated Xiongnu. Among many tombs buried with the dead, Huo Qubing's tomb is the most famous.
Huo Qubing (140- 1 17) was an outstanding young strategist in the Western Han Dynasty. At the age of eighteen, he began to command the army. Like his uncle Wei Qing, he made great contributions to the Xiongnu War and sent troops to the Great Wall six times. In order to reward him for his meritorious military service, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty gave him a luxurious residence, but he declined politely: "Since the Huns have perished, why are they still in China!" Be told through the ages. Unfortunately, he died of illness at the age of 24. Deeply regretful, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was buried next to his grave. Huo Qubing's tomb looks like Qilian Mountain, commemorating his record of winning all six wars in Qilian Mountain. 1978 Maoling Museum was established here.
Yang Guifei's Tomb —— The Desolate Home of Beautiful Women in the Prosperous Age
Yang Guifei's tomb is on the Mawei slope on the north side of Ximenwai Highway in Mawei Town, Xingping County. Mawei slope is named after the legend that Mawei, a native of A Jin, built a city here. The scale of this tomb is already very large. According to the inscriptions in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, * * * covers an area of 17 mu, with a gatehouse, three halls, three houses and several cloisters, and the walls are engraved with poems written by literati in previous dynasties. Due to the age, the cemetery was destroyed, especially in the "ten-year turmoil" and became a ruin. 198 1 year, basically restored to its original appearance. At present, the cemetery covers an area of about 3,000 square meters, the tomb is about 3 meters high and surrounded by bricks.
The mystery of the fall of Maweipo imperial concubine
Yang Guifei (7 19-756), a native of Huayin, Hongnong, moved to Yongle County, Pucheng (now Ruicheng, Shanxi). She was called a great beauty in ancient China because of her melodious voice and good singing and dancing. Yang Yuhuan was originally the eighteenth son of Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty.
Princess of Li Mao, the longevity king. In the 24th year of Kaiyuan (736), after the death of Wu Huifei, the favorite concubine of Tang Xuanzong, a minister told Tang Xuanzong that Yang Yuhuan was a beauty. Xuanzong was very happy after seeing her and wanted to be a princess. According to the custom of the Tang Dynasty, a married woman must become a monk or a monk for a period of time before she can remarry. Therefore, Yang Yuhuan became a monk first, and then was called into the palace from the Taoist temple. Tianbao four years, conferring for the imperial concubine. After Tang Xuanzong got it, he was arrogant and extravagant all day, singing and dancing, regardless of state affairs, resulting in the situation that Yang, Li and other Han traitors were in power.
Zhaoling-Tang Mausoleum built on the mountain.
In the Beishan system of Weibei, from Ganling of Gaozong in Ganxian County in the west to Tailing of Xuanzong in pucheng county in the east, eighteen of the twenty emperors of the Tang Dynasty were buried, which was called "Eighteen Tombs of the Tang Dynasty" in history. Emperor Taizong is located in Zhaoling, Li Shimin, on Jiujun Mountain, 22km northeast of Liquan County, Shaanxi Province. Locals call it "the Tomb of the Tang Dynasty", which is the largest of the "Eighteen Tombs of the Tang Dynasty" and four or five times larger than the Ming Tombs in Beijing. Jiujun Mountain is saddle-shaped, commonly known locally as Bijia Mountain. The mountains on the east and west sides are undulating and ravines are criss-crossing, which makes the main peak abrupt and lonely.
I still hear the hooves of Liujun.
The world-famous "Six Horses in Zhaoling" and the six carved horses were originally placed in the east and west warehouses of the tour altar in Xianyang, north of Zhaoling. They were carved and displayed in Zhaoling by Emperor Taizong after Empress Wende was buried in November of the tenth year of Zhenguan. These six good horses were named Shifakai, Qingsui, Teller, Saluzi, Boxing Mao Ni and Baitiu, which were ridden by Li Shimin in the war of conquering the south and conquering the north. Missed the contribution of "six horses", ordered the painter to paint portraits of six horses, and asked skilled artists to carve them on six stone screens about 5 feet high and 6 feet wide. After reading "The Records of the Stone", I carved six fine horses. Li Shimin wrote Ma Zan one by one, which was written by Ou Yangxun, and it was also recorded in Taizong's memoir. After weathering and abrasion, the existing original stone has disappeared. These six horses, some through the arrow rain, some through the ditch river, with different postures and distinct personalities, reproduce the battle scene between Jin Ge and Ma Tie in those days. Skilled in artistic skills and full and round in image, it is a rare treasure. At that time, the stone carvings of Six Horses were all painted with colors, such as purple for dew, black for fist-hair owl, silvery white body for Teller's desire, blue for white hoof and red for stone carving. The clothes of Qiu Xinggong, the maid-in-waiting who drew arrows for Salaozi, were also painted. It's just that over time, the color peels off.
Ganling —— Exclusive "Five Wonders" of Tang Mausoleum
Ganling is located on the main peak of Liangshan Mountain in Ganxian County. Ganxian county was originally named Fengtian county, and was renamed Ganxian county after the construction of Ganling in Tang Dynasty.
Liangshan, located in the west of Guanzhong, has been regarded as a treasure trove of geomantic omen since ancient times. Qin Shihuang visited and built Liangshan Palace here. In the southeast of Liangshan, the Qin Dynasty set up a good county here, Zhi Zhi, which means immortal, and wanted to make a fortune with the help of Liangshan's good geomantic omen. Liangshan lies in the northwest of the capital Chang 'an. According to Fuxi's gossip, the northwest is dry and dry is the sky. In addition, there have been rumors since ancient times, and this is the location of the Dragon Classic, which naturally becomes an ideal place to build a mausoleum.
Before the "tablet without words", the queen said this.
There are two large stone tablets on the east and west sides of Zhuquemen Gate in Ganling. There are "sacred tablets" in the west, and there are "wordless tablets" of Wu Zetian in the east. Xu Sheng Bei was written by Wu Zetian and praised by Li for his literary martial arts. All the inscriptions were filled with gold powder, and some words are still faintly visible today. The monument is composed of seven stones, taking the number of seven obsidians (sun, moon, gold, wood, water, fire and earth), which means that the emperor's achievements shine all over the world, so it is also called "Seven Monuments".
Rows of buried graves
In the southeast of Ganling, there are 17 tombs of royal princes, princesses and princes. Five tombs have been excavated one after another, among which Princess Yongtai's Tomb, Prince Yide's Tomb and Prince Zhang Huai's Tomb have been opened to the public. In these three tombs, a large number of vivid murals are praised by people.
Yongtai princess tomb
Princess Yongtai, named Li Xianhui, is the seventh daughter of Li Xian, the granddaughter of Wu Zetian. She married Wu Yanji, the son of Wu Chengsi, the nephew of Wu Zetian, and died in the first year of Dazu (70 1) at the age of seventeen. As for the cause of her death, the epitaph says that she died in childbirth, which is not credible after excavation. Otherwise, because she said that Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong (Wu Zetian's lover) "how could they enter the palace", she was hanged by Wu Zetian as a "stick killer" or given a white silk. After Li Xian ascended the throne, in the second year of Shenlong (706), Li Xianhui and Wu Yanji were buried in Ganling.
Zhang Huai Prince's Tomb
Zhang Huai Prince Li Xian was born to Tang Gaozong's second son and Wu Zetian. He once called scholars to annotate the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, and was named King Lu and King Yong successively, and was once named Prince. Diao Lu was killed in Bazhou (now Bazhong County, Sichuan Province) in the second year (680) at the age of 3 1 year. After the restoration of Emperor Li Xian, he was buried in Ganling. In the second year of Jing Yun (7 1 1), Emperor Li Dan of Zong Rui named him "Prince Zhang Huai".
Prince Yide's tomb
Li Zhongrun, the eldest son of Tang Zhongzong Li Xian, a German prince, was executed in the first year of Dazu (70 1) because he was dissatisfied with Wu Zetian. He was only 19 years old. After the restoration of Li Xian, he was posthumously named "Prince Yide". In the second year of Shenlong, he moved to Luoyang and was buried in Ganling. It's a grave. It's a grand funeral. This tomb was excavated in 197 1- 1972, with more than a thousand cultural relics unearthed and dozens of murals in the tomb.
The Contribution of Zheng Guoqu-Zheng Guozhi
Zheng Guoqu was excavated in the last ten years of Qin Dynasty (237 BC), designed and presided over by Zheng Guo of Korea. According to Records of the Historian Biography of Rivers and Channels, South Korea, which is adjacent to Qin State, sent Zheng to Qin State to "cut Jing" in order to consume Qin State's strength and stop Qin State's eastward expedition. Zheng Guoqu draws water from Jinghe River to irrigate the vast area in the north of Xianyang, Qin Dou. Therefore, it took Qin more than ten years to build, which is a "great achievement" for Qin.