Zhan Tianyou (1861-1919) was born in Nanhai county, Guangzhou city, Guangdong province. China was a famous railway expert in modern times, and was known as "the father of Chinese railways". Tongzhi eleven years (1872), as the first batch of government-run overseas students of the Qing government, went to study in the United States. From the fourth year of Guangxu (1878) to the seventh year of Guangxu (188 1), he studied in the Department of Civil Engineering of Yale University and obtained a bachelor's degree, becoming one of the earliest modern civil engineering technical experts in China.
In the 14th year of Guangxu (1888), Zhan Tianyou was transferred to China Railway Corporation, and then participated in and presided over the construction of several major railways in China. He is an outstanding technical expert in China's early railway construction history for more than 30 years. From the 31st year of Guangxu (1905) to Xuantongyuan (1909), Zhan Tianyou presided over the construction of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway.
In the second year of Xuantong (19 10), he served as the prime minister and chief engineer of Guangdong-China Railway Company. 19 14, Zhan Tianyou was appointed as the railway supervisor from John to Sichuan. During the construction of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, Zhan Tianyou practiced economy, put an end to corruption and bribery, and successfully built the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway at low cost, which was the first railway in China that was technically built entirely by itself. 19 12, Zhan Tianyou organized the establishment of Guangdong Institute of Engineers and served as its president, and soon became the president of Ren Zhonghua Institute of Engineers. 1965438+In April 2009, Zhan Tianyou died of illness in Wuhan.
He is the author of Railway Terminology and Brief Introduction of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway Project.
2. Jing-Zhang Railway (China Railway under the auspices of Zhan Tianyou);
The Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway starts from Liucun, Fengtai, Beijing, passes through Changping and Nankou, crosses Badaling, and reaches Huailai, Shacheng, Daxuanhua and Zhangjiakou, with a total length of about 20 1km. Construction started in June 1905, which is the first state-owned trunk railway independently surveyed, designed, constructed and managed in China. It was built by Mr. Zhan Tianyou, a pioneer of modern railways in China. It is the first railway in China designed and put into operation by China people without using foreign capital and personnel. This railway project is arduous. Now it is called beijing-baotou railway, and the former Jingzhang section was the first section of beijing-baotou railway.
The Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway has dug four tunnels, namely Juyongguan, Wuguitou, Shifosi and Badaling, of which Badaling Tunnel is the longest, with the length of1091m. The maximum slope of Guangou section from Nankou to Badaling is 33‰, which is rare in the world. Mr. Zhan Tianyou set up a station at Qinglong Bridge and designed a zigzag line, which solved the problem of crossing the whole line.
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Historical allusions between Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway and Zhan Tianyou;
The story is well known: Zhan Tianyou used the north and south ends to dig into the middle point of the tunnel at the same time. But the tunnel is too long, and then two vertical shafts are dug in the middle, which can be dug in the opposite direction, so that six working faces can be carried out at the same time. Using the principle of "broken line", he built a zigzag route to reduce the climbing degree and used two trolleys to cross it. At the beginning of the railway construction, there was a derailment of carriages. Zhan Tianyou thought of a way: add an automatic hook invented by American Jenny to each car, so that it can be combined into a solid whole to ensure the safety when climbing.
Building a railway near Beijing often requires an unexpected "price". The railway passes through the grave of a former Taoist priest, who is influential in both the government and the public. This person led the masses to make trouble, stopped the project, privately promised to pay heavily bribes and demanded diversion. However, the north, south and west are cemeteries of dignitaries, and I don't know how much waste will be caused by the big diversion. Zhan Tianyou endured humiliation, spent a lot of time dealing with powerful people, and finally let the railway pass through the tomb wall.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Zhan Tianyou
People's Network —— Zhan Tianyou in Qing Dynasty: Developing Railways with Integrity and Dedication
Baidu Encyclopedia-Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway