First, the Yellow Emperor gave his surname. Zhang is a very old surname, which was directly given by Huangdi, the ancestor of the Chinese nation, more than 5,000 years ago. "Pass" in the Eastern Han Dynasty recorded that "Zhang, Wang, Li and Zhao were given surnames by the Yellow Emperor". The origin of Zhang's surname, "Guang Yun" said: "Zhang is the fifth son of Xuanyuan. He started to make strings, actually opened a net, and took charge of the world. Later he was embarrassed by his surname." "Yuan He Xing Bian" said: "Qingyang, the fifth son of the Yellow Emperor, was born and lingering. He bowed, watched the arc stars, made bows and arrows, and worshipped the arc stars because of his surname Zhang." It can be seen that Zhang's ancestor was Zhang Hui. However, there are two versions about the blood relationship between Zhang Hui and the Yellow Emperor: one thinks that Zhang Hui is the son of the Yellow Emperor, and the other thinks that Zhang Hui is the fifth son of the Qingyang family in Shao Hao, the son of the Yellow Emperor, that is, the grandson of the Yellow Emperor. ?
What makes people surnamed Zhang proud is that they are not only direct descendants of the Yellow Emperor, but also inventors of bows and arrows and military nets. For the ancient ancestors who hunted birds and animals with sticks and stones, the invention of bows and arrows and traps was indeed a revolutionary event, which greatly improved the social productivity at that time. Zhang Hui is an inventor who has made great contributions to the development of human society. When people surnamed Zhang introduce their surnames, they often say, "My surname is Zhang, and my bow is long." In a word, the characteristics of Zhang's surname are summarized concisely. ?
Second, from the surname Ji. Another Zhang surname comes from Ji surname and is also the ancestor of the Yellow Emperor. According to Tongzhi Clan Strategy Taking Characters as Surnames, there was a man named Zhang in the State of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period. After the three clans were divided into Jin, their clansmen regarded Korea as a public doctor and gradually became an aristocratic family. ?
Third, change your surname. In history, people with other surnames changed their surnames to Zhang for various reasons, and their descendants became part of Zhang's surname. For example, in the Three Kingdoms, Zhang Liao, the general of Wei, changed his surname to Zhang. Another example is Zhuge Liang's gift to Nan Kuilong in the Three Kingdoms? That's a picture. ?
Fourth, it is related to Taoism. After the Han Dynasty, Zhang developed rapidly, which was related to the rise and spread of Taoism at that time. Taoism claimed to originate from the Yellow Emperor, and the popular Yellow Emperor gave Zhang his surname. Therefore, Taoist leaders often use the surname Zhang. Such as opening angle, Zhang Lu and so on. ?
There are many famous families named Zhang in history. According to the China Surnames Dictionary, Zhang's county names are roughly as follows: Qinghe County, Nanyang County, County, Anding County, Dunhuang County, Wuwei County, Fanyang County, County, Zhongshan County, Jiji County, Hanoi County, Gaoping County, Xiangyang County, Luoyang County, Hedong County, Shixing County, Fengyi County and Pingyuan County. ?
Qinghe county is the earliest and largest county in Zhang, and Qinghe is the residence of Zhang's ancestors. The Zhangjia of Yinjiang introduced in this paper is from Qinghe County. ?
What is the general situation of Zhang's ancestors in Yinjiang?
From Zhang Hui to the 58th Zhong Zhang, whose name is Guang Ming and number is Zhongfu, he was an aristocratic scholar and assisted. "The Book of Songs. Xiaoya. In June, there is a sentence "Who is waiting, Zhang Zhongxiao has it", which praises the virtue of Zhang Zhongxiao's friendship. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhong Zhang was named "God Wu Wensheng is filial and loyal to the monarch", and in the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhong Zhang was named "Lu Si, the Wenchang Emperor of Hua Kai", commonly known as "Wenchang Emperor". He built a temple and dedicated it, just like Emperor Guan Sheng. Seventy is the doctor of Jin, and Zhou is the doctor. The princes fought on the saddle, won by death, and ranked loyally. See historical records for details. In the 1980s, Zhang Ovary was called Renshou, who assisted Liu Bangding, the Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, to set the world, seal and worship the Prime Minister, and was later called an imperial envoy, and was also called the third master of Han Dynasty with Xiao He and Han Xin. In the 86th century, Zhang Ming, his name was He Jiong and his name was Puyi. At that time, when Wang Mang usurped the Han Dynasty, many of his family members were killed. In order to escape revenge, he took Xu Qian and more than 500 people across the river, some of whom changed their surnames to Luo, Xu and Xue. Since then, there has been a saying that four surnames are unmarried, and later he returned to Helin Temple in Quzhou after five generations. In the world of 103, Zhang Lu can write thousands of words. He rode horses in the Jin Dynasty as a constant attendant, and moved south with the Jin Emperor, living in Jiangzuo. 1 19 Zhang worked as a driver in Shaozhou and settled in Qujiang. Zhang Jiuling of 122 is a wise man of Tang Kaiyuan. He is famous for his integrity and his literary talent is the best. On the 50th birthday of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, many ministers offered suggestions, but Zhang Jiuling, then prime minister, presented "the Millennium of Jin Dynasty" and was commended by Emperor Xuanzong. At that time, it was called Qujiang Gong, who died for literature. It was posthumous title. 134 Zhang Zaizi Xu Mu, nicknamed Hou Zi, was a Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty and moved to Meixian County, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province. Zhang Duan of136th generation was appointed as the magistrate of Baoji, which coincided with the nomads from the south. During the reconciliation period of the Northern Song Dynasty (1165438-1165438), he moved from Meixian County, Baoji, Shaanxi Province to Shibidu Geteng 'ao, Tingzhou. 139 generation Zhang, Hebei Taishou, had three sons, grew up in Longsong and lived in Ninghua; Second, Dr. Zhong Xian from Sun Song; Sanhuafeng Song Wuju moved to Fuzhou. ?
Zhang, the ancestor of Yinjiang?
Zhang, the grandson of Zhang Hui (140), was born on February 20, the second year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1 175), and devoted himself to spring for three years (1267). He was 93 years old. He was studious and smart since he was a child. He was admitted to Jinshi and was awarded the position of doctor of Zhongxian. Later, he was appointed as the magistrate of Tingzhou by the court. During the Jiatai period of Song Ningzong (1204), he "Buji moved to Shanghang, Fujian" and moved from Shibi in Ninghua to Kaiji Street in front of Shenkeng Guandian in Shanghang North Lane (now Baisha Qianyang Village in Shanghang). Shanghang is located in the "golden water section" in the middle reaches of Tingjiang River, nicknamed Yinjiang, and Zhang is honored as "the ancestor of Yinjiang" by his millions of grandchildren. ?
Zhang was an honest official, promoted the benefits and eliminated the disadvantages for the people, cared about the sufferings of the people and made outstanding achievements. He stayed at home in his later years, and he was still charitable, building bridges and roads and helping the victims, which was very popular among the people. He is also proficient in Zhouyi and investigation, and is good at distinguishing Huang Zhi. He often treats people for free and is called "living Buddha". Wen Tianxiang, a national hero, is closely associated with Zhang. He praised Zhang's service to officials and people, and also wrote a "Zan" cloud for Zhang: [[〖HTK〗]] "Elegant, magnificent; Public behavior, honesty and dignity. Poems and songs are widely read and are famous for their loyalty and filial piety. Pastoral Tingzhou, Hezhe Li Zhandeze; Kaiji Hangyi, a father and son Mu Enguang. Make up a family tree, and don't forget the newspaper. Yu Xiu, Zhong Ling, Gui Fu Lanfang; The face is shiny and the long hair is auspicious. " After Zhang's death, he was buried in Dapinggang, back of Qianyang Village, Baisha Town, Shanghang County. The cemetery is in the shape of a "golden plate with beads". The couplet in front of the tomb: "Deriving the sound of Qinghe Mianshize supporting Fujian and Guangdong families"; Cross-dressing: "I often faint." The couplet reflects Zhang's pioneering track of "the Central Plains moved south and the Yinjiang River started", and embodies the pioneering spirit of Zhang's descendants of "self-improvement, pioneering and enterprising". China's watch 18 stands in front of the tomb, which symbolizes that the descendants of 18 Fang stand in front of the tomb, which is spectacular. Anyone who comes here to visit and admire it will be full of praise: it is indeed a treasure trove of geomantic omen. ?
Zhang attached great importance to the cultivation and education of future generations, and wrote poems to inculcate them. Admonish future generations to follow the example of their ancestors, be useful people, honor their ancestors and leave an immortal legacy. Zhang's posthumous poem (posthumous instruction) is generally called the eight external sentences, which requires children and grandchildren not only to know it by heart, but also to practice it. The outer eight sentences are as follows:
Qinghe has a long history, and Buji moved to Shanghang, Fujian. ?
A hundred people think of their ancestors, a thousand years of golden mirrors, and Mu Zongyou. ?
Inheritance of filial piety to the present, Hou Yu's poems and songs follow the Han and Tang Dynasties. ?
29. Miao people can be trained and their branches are full of names. ? [/align
Zhang Wei's poems (eight sentences) are as follows:
Yun Tian ascended to Hao, Cheng Xian Shao Qi ...?
Zhongxing Mountain is far away, and Yongting should be worshipped by ten thousand people. ?
Sun Zhenchang is handsome and handsome, and his virtuous voice follows his ancestors' footsteps. ?
Moire will open the world, and Keyuan will prosper. ?
The above eight inner sentences and eight outer sentences have been regarded as mottoes by Zhang's descendants and passed down from generation to generation. It has become a "touchstone" to test the authenticity of Zhang's descendants. According to legend, when Zhang's descendants go out, they will ask each other "inner eight sentences" and "outer eight sentences" to test. If the answer is correct, be commensurate with the "uncle" and receive it warmly. Failure to answer will be considered false and will be "blocked" diplomatically. ?
Zhang Yan Chen Gongren was born on the first day of December in the first year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1 174) and died on March 18th in three years (127 1), enjoying a life of 89 years. Yan Quegong was born in Yin Shi on November 10th in the 11th year of Xichun in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 184), and died at noon on March 13th in the 7th year of Xianchun (127 1), enjoying a life of 88 years. Chen and Que were buried together in Shenxiankeng, Shuiwei, Guandi Village, about 2 li away from Zhangchuyuan. The cemetery is shaped like a phoenix spreading its wings and flying. ?
Zhang, Chen and Que have public children 18 and grandchildren 108. They inherited and carried forward the Hakka people's spirit of daring to take risks, not being afraid of sacrifice, struggling hard and pioneering, standardized the words and deeds of future generations with family rules and family instructions, and set up a good demeanor of famous families. ?
What is the general situation of Zhang's descendants?
Zhang's son is Yundai, and 18' s son goes from the long room to the eighteenth room. What connects their names is a poem, which is a couplet poem in room 18:?
Qing Ji, from to mian; ?
Jingxing Qing Emperor Que was named Zhuo He Yun. ?
Chang Fang Jiyun, whose real name is Ruishi, is Ichiro. He moved to Tianzitou to live with Wang Wu Niang and Zeng six niang, and gave birth to six children. Grandchildren moved to Zhangzhou and Quanzhou in Fujian, Chaozhou and Jiaying in Guangdong. ?
The second room is Qingyun, whose name is Liang Rui, Jiro, who moved to Pan Jing and gave birth to seven children. Grandchildren moved to Fuzhou, Fujian and Jiangxi.
Sanfang Zhenyun, whose real name is Rui Xing, moved to live and gave birth to nine children. Grandchildren moved to Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Dehua, Fuzhou and other places in Fujian, and all over Jiangxi Province. ?
Four-room Xiangyun, the word Ruiting, No.4 Lang, No.16 Lang, did not move out and stayed in Shanghang at that time, and had seven children with Yan Niang and Lai Wuniang. Grandchildren moved to Shanghang, Yongding, Changting, Wuping, Silla, Liancheng and Zhangzhou in Fujian, Meixian, Tai Po, Xingning, Wuhua, Raoping, Fengshun, Chaozhou, Shanwei, Shantou and Lufeng in Guangdong, Du Yu, Ningdu, Xingguo, Ganxian, Nankang, Pingxiang, Ji 'an, Xiushui and Tongfeng in Jiangxi. ?
Ji Yun, whose name is Ruicai and No.5 Lang, moved to Zhangshutan and gave birth to three sons. Later generations moved to Nanping, Fujian and Xingguo, Jiangxi. ?
Liu Fang Congyun, whose real name is Ruiming and his name is Liulang, moved to Huangzhutou, Yun Sheng, Hangzhou, and gave birth to two sons. Grandchildren have moved to Chengxiang (now Meixian), Xingning, Wuhua and Chaoshan in Guangdong. ?
Qifang Longyun, whose real name is Ruihua and whose real name is Langlang, moved to Xiangkeng Brain, Yun Sheng, Hangzhou, and gave birth to four sons. Grandchildren moved to Jiaying Prefecture and Chaoshan area in Guangdong Province. ?
Ba Fang Fu Yun, the word Ai Rui,no. Ba Lang, moved to Panguifang, Shixia, Jiaying Prefecture, Guangdong Province, and gave birth to six children. Grandchildren moved to Xiaowu, Shanghang, Jiaying and Zhenping (now Jiaoling) in Guangdong. This descendant of Fang's surname Sun Wansan moved to Pingtung, Taiwan Province Province, with a strong ethnic group of 30,000 to 40,000 people. There are Sun Hua Palace and Wansan Palace. ?
Jiufang Mianyun, whose real name is Wen Rui (Ruiyuanpu) and whose real name is Shi Lang, moved to Songkou, Jiaying Prefecture, Guangdong Province, and had four sons. The grandchildren moved to Meixian and Tai Po in Guangdong. ?
Fang Jingyun, named Ruiyao, moved to Hengshan, thanked Sanniang and gave birth to five children. Grandchildren moved to Jiayingfu, Tai Po, Fengshun, Raoping, Haifeng, Lufeng, Xingguo, Jiangxi, Xiaowudi, Shanghang, Fujian, and Li, Liancheng Heyuan. ?
Twelve-room nebula, the word Ruixia, No.12 Lang, moved to Qingliu County, went to six niang, and gave birth to six children. The grandchildren moved to Liu Qing, Yong 'an and Shaxian in Fujian. ?
Thirteen-year-old Fang Qingyun, whose real name is Tang Rui, moved to Fuzhou and gave birth to ten children. Grandchildren moved to Fuzhou, Jian 'ou, Quanzhou, Shanghang, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Yunhe and Zhejiang. ?
Fourteen rooms, word, No.14 Lang, moved to Chaozhou, and had four children with Yi Wuniang. Grandchildren moved to Chaozhou, Guangzhou and other places in Guangdong, Yongding and Wuping in Fujian. ?
Queyun in room 15, whose real name is Ruifa, 10 Lang, moved to Zhangzhou, and her mother gave birth to six children. Grandchildren moved to Zhangzhou, Fujian, Chaozhou, Guangdong, Xingguo, Jiangxi and Du Yu. ?
Sixteen-room cloud, word, sixteen lang (also known as Jiacheng) moved to Huizhou (Tongle, moved to Shuinan, Tingzhou), rich, and gave birth to five children. Grandchildren are scattered in Fujian, Jiangxi, Shangyou and other places. ?
Seventeen rooms and clouds, the word Ruichong, number seventeen lang (also known as), Liu family, gave birth to nine children. Grandchildren moved to Zhangpu, Zhangzhou, Fujian, Caoxi, Dong Xiao, Zhangping Yongfu, Liancheng Nantuan Shuixi, Wuping, Yongding Peifeng and Xiaowudi, Shanghang; Stone fans in Tanghuang Village, Xihe Zhang, Chayang, Tai Po, Guangdong, Jiaoling Shenzhen-Hong Kong, Guangfu and Meixian; Jiangxi Ruijin and other places. ?
Eighteen Fang Dingyun, whose word is Ruidong, eighteen lang (also called thirty lang) and Ouyang Cong, have eight sons, and their descendants are scattered in Yongding Jinsha, Shanghang Baisha, Zhenping, Guangdong Xingguo, Huichang, Wan 'an and Ji 'an. ?
Among the above eighteen rooms, there are still five grandchildren who have not got in touch with their ancestral home in Shanghang, namely: the second room is Qingyun; Six rooms from the cloud; Seven Wolong rhymes; Ten-room cotton cloud origin; The Twelve-Chamber Nebula. I earnestly hope that books and insiders from all over the country will inform Shanghang Zhang Research Association. ?
After more than 800 years of reproduction, today, Zhang Hua's grandchildren have spread all over Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Taiwan Province, Hunan, Zhejiang, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Anhui, Shandong, Hong Kong, Australia and other places, and have reached10 million in Southeast Asia and other countries in the world. This strange phenomenon is called "Zhang phenomenon" by Hakka researchers. According to records, among the four million Hakkas in Taiwan Province Province, Zhang's population is 654.38+0.05 million, of which 90% are descendants of Zhang Hua's grandson, that is to say, there are more than 900,000 descendants of Zhang Hua in Taiwan Province Province. ?
Gu fangzhang?
Another vein in Shanghang is the Zhangjia, an ancient square in Zhongdu. Due to limited information, it is briefly described as follows:
Zhang Kaozhi was the ancestor of the ancient Zhang family, who lived in Zhang Jiaxiang, Wuxian County, Suzhou. Kao Zhi 1 1 Sun Kao? Song Jinshi, also known as Zhi, once served as the county magistrate of Ningdu, Jiangxi Province and settled here. 14 generations of Sun San Erlang and Sanbalang moved from Ningdu to Shibi in Ninghua and then to Shanghang. ?
In ancient times, Zhang Jiazun took Xian Qing, the son of Lang, as the ancestor. Xian Qingsheng's second son: Chang Wengui moved to Zhangzhou, and Ci Desheng lived in Gudufang. According to genealogy records, the Zhang family of the ancient Fang moved out: the second son and the sixth son moved to Longchuan County, Guangdong Province, and the third son moved to Shaowu and Guangze; Zhang Hua, the son of V, moved to Xiaolan in Wuping, Sean and Zhang Luan, the sons of Zhang Cheng, moved to Li Tao Township and Beili Township in Wuping respectively, and the son of Shichang moved to Dalan Garden in Wuping. 10 moved to Jiangxi Qian, Yu, Qin and Guan; 1 1 moved to Wanzai, Jiangxi, and Pengfei, Peng Sheng and Peng Sheng moved to Pingjiang, Hunan; 12 Shi and Fu also moved to Chaozhou, Guangdong, and moved to Ningzhou, Jiangxi with their descendants; 13rd anthology, Wen Yuan and dignitaries moved to Xinchang, Jiangxi, Chen Qing, Wan Xuan, Wanda and Wanjin moved to Jianning, Fujian, and Mingjun moved to Chaoshan, Guangdong with his four sons; 14 Shi moved to Guizhou with his son Futai; /kloc-in 0/5, Qiao Chang, Sheng Qiao and Kuan Shang moved to Jiangxi with their three sons, Chuntai and Zitai moved to Lianshan, Guangdong, and Jianchang moved to Guizhou; 16 World Juqiu moved to Jianning, Fujian, learning to forgive, learning to learn dragons, and learning to move to Chaozhou, Guangdong; 17 Shi Ganyu, Jing Yu, Gong Yu, Zhiyu and Puyu moved to Linchuan, Jiangxi, and Shunlan, Jianxing, Changxing, Lianxing and Jincai moved to Guangdong; 18 uncle moved to Hunan. ?
Hall number couplet family instruction?
Zhang's earliest hall number is Qinghe Hall, which belongs to the county hall number. In addition, there are Jinjiantang, Xiaoyou Hall, Qinmutang, guanyin temple, Yanyitang, Dunmutang, Zongyuetang, Jingyitang and Yuanlutang. Zhang's first pulse also includes Dunhe Hall, Tangtang, Xiangxian Hall, Shiying Hall, Dexin Hall, Zhuiyuan Hall and Xiaoyou Hall. ?
In history, Zhang's humanities have gathered together, and many heroes, princes, poets and writers have emerged throughout the dynasties. This can be realized from Zhang's couplets:
The grandchildren of Zhanghua Sun Temple in Shanghang and Zhanghua have a pair of inscribed couplets in each sub-temple. The couplets are embedded with numbers such as "one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, hundred, thousand, ten thousand and one hundred million", and each number has a historical celebrity named Zhang. The joint terms are as follows:
In view of the fact that the surname comes from the stories of Xuanyuan, Great Scholar (Zhong Zhang), Ming Chui (Zhang Zai), Fu Han Sanjie (Sean), Gao Gong Si Xiang (Zhang Yue), Jiang Feng Five Tigers (Zhang Fei), Natural History Six (Zhang Hua) and Di Xin (Zhang Anshi), we can know that he is a member of Qinghe clan. ?
Known far and wide, it ranks among (Zhang), Ding Jiajiucheng (Zhang Jiucheng), Ping Rong (Zhang), Shu Ren (Zhang Gongyi), Jin Jian (Zhang Jiuling), Qian Qing Wanxuan (Zhang Kun) and Daolong Yizhun (Zhang Daoling), and it is still a branch of literature. ?
In addition, Zhang Sunhua's couplets also include:?
Han Hou's family background and Tang Xiang's family style. ?
Zhao Qingyang, the initiator, was Qi Huangong, a general and a fairy, representing the history of the country. ?
Open a lot of white horses, filial piety, loyalty, Taoism and family style. ?
Filial piety is passed down from generation to generation, bearing the discipline of tolerance and living in the same IX; ?
After the poetry book is abundant, recite ten chapters and cherish the future. ?
100% forbearance draws lessons from the past, 10000% chooses money as a family heirloom.
Han Taolue, Tang and Song Daoism are famous ministers. ?
Qujiang has a long history, and Jiange has a long history. ?
Hengqu's, Nanxuan's and Xianzai's second; ?
Suiyang is a general, Qujiang is a relative, and loyalty turns to filial piety.